Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-ea...Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-early(early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment)" national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society(ACS) made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control(UICC), Cancer Council Australia(CCA), and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(CACA) as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health.展开更多
It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe com...It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe comprehensive strategic partnership has continuously deepened with exchanges and cooperation in various areas further展开更多
This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Or...This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Organization. It discusses the roles of the specific NGOs in dealing with black carbon in the Arctic region from the perspective of global governance to gain insights to guide our involvements in the Arctic affairs and shipping in the region by taking the advantages of NGOs' influence on the proceedings of international negotiations, our national policy development, the improvement of industrial practices and public perceptions.展开更多
Background:In the Yunnan province of China,18 counties in six prefectures border Myanmar.Due to its particular combination of geographic features,climate conditions,and cultural landscape,the area provides a suitable ...Background:In the Yunnan province of China,18 counties in six prefectures border Myanmar.Due to its particular combination of geographic features,climate conditions,and cultural landscape,the area provides a suitable environment for the spread of insect-borne diseases such as malaria.In five identified Myanmar Special Regions along the China-Myanmar border,economic development is lagging,people live in extreme poverty,and the healthcare system is fragile.Coupled with political and other reasons,this precludes malaria control work to be effectively carried out in Myanmar,resulting in a heavy burden of the disease.Frequent population movements and favorable conditions for malaria transmission on the border fuel difficulties in controlling and eliminating the spread of the disease in the area.Case presentation:To reduce the prevalence of malaria in the China-Myanmar border area and improve healthcare services for local residents in this particular environment,Health Poverty Action(HPA)has provided malaria aid in the area since the beginning of 2006,as a sub-recipient of the China Global Fund Malaria Programs.In this case study,we examined HPA’s activities as part of its malaria control programs in the area,analyzed and summarized the effectiveness and impact of the cross-border healthcare model as implemented by non-governmental organizations,and put forward suggestions for cross-border health aid models and for the prevention of malaria transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion.Conclusions:HPA had carried out a great quantity of successful malaria control activities in border areas between China and Myanmar,strengthened the partnership and established the collaboration,coordination and cooperation channels among stakeholders.HPA has laid good groundwork and developed its valuable model that could be highlighted and referenced.展开更多
Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices...Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.展开更多
Background One of the effective ways to attract social collaboration to provide effective,prompt,and coordinated interventions in emergencies is through social innovation.The present study seeks to identify the factor...Background One of the effective ways to attract social collaboration to provide effective,prompt,and coordinated interventions in emergencies is through social innovation.The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations(NGOs)for saving people’s lives in crises.The initial idea of this research was obtained from the best practice“Every Home Is a Health Base”which was implemented in Iran.Methods The Grounded Theory strategy has been used in this study.The statistical population of the study is health experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran.The study time span is during the first half of 2020.Exploratory analysis was used to identify the factors of social innovation.By selecting and reviewing 68 research in-depth,the initial framework was prepared.Then,through a semi-structured interview with experts,the framework was adapted and reviewed.Based on the analysis of the collected data,39 open codes were extracted and the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation were identified.Results The eight axis codes as the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and NGOs are as follows:Paying attention to the components of the NGOs collaboration effectiveness,investment to attract NGOs collaboration,the ability to manage the implementation,the ability of networking,the ability of policymaking,providing the necessary cultural and educational infrastructure;Existence of capable legal organizations to solve the executive problems of the plan and facilitate coordination,and controlling,containing and reducing the effects of the crisis,as consequences.Conclusions Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have shown the world that the current governmental and social structures are not efficient enough to respond quickly to the emergence of global challenges.Social innovation is a solution to this problem.The findings of this study also confirm this and identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on collaboration between governments and NGOs in crises.The results of this research give governments and policymakers an efficient solution by involving NGOs,especially in times of widespread crises.Also,they can be used in planning for social development.展开更多
Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required...Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required.In Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they are.In this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case detection.Methods:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in 2013-2014.For each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment outcomes.The contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same townships.Results:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable populations.Two recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected individuals.Two INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind initiatives.All relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully treated.The four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care supported by INGOs successfully achieved TB case detection in hard-toreach and vulnerable populations.This is vital to achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets.Strategies to ensure sustainability of the programs should be explored,including the need for longer-term commitment of INGOs.展开更多
The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the ne...The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.展开更多
Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a varie...Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular materials.In some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized properties.Therefore,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both topics.Herein,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.展开更多
Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associati...Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.展开更多
The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the pro...The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.展开更多
Advances in digital technology and vast data applications have resulted in the emergence of the digital economy paradigm,which is a new techno-economic paradigm for the digital economy age.Under this paradigm,the indu...Advances in digital technology and vast data applications have resulted in the emergence of the digital economy paradigm,which is a new techno-economic paradigm for the digital economy age.Under this paradigm,the industrial organization has shifted toward networked,platform-based,boundaryless,and integrated development with new characteristics.Specifically,there has been a fierce“positional arms race”fueled by financial capital,accelerating the growth of platform companies.The“hierarchical monopolistic competition”market structure has taken shape,resulting in a“coexistence without disruption”monopolistic competition.As platform businesses expand into new business sectors,competition among industrial ecosystems intensifies.Data and algorithms have become secret weapons for corporate success,allowing platform companies to expand their monopolistic forces.Industrial organization in the digital era has revolutionized the operating rules and logic of industrial economy,giving rise to new industries,business models,and paradigms,as well as being conducive to international cooperation and intelligent regulation.Meanwhile,it has introduced new challenges to socioeconomic development,making platform companies’anti-competitive and monopolistic behaviors more implicit,privacy and security concerns more conspicuous,and antitrust identification and investigation more difficult.The government should embrace the evolving trends of industrial organization in the digital economy era,accelerate regulatory transition,and strengthen governance and regulation under the digital economy paradigm.展开更多
Fish feces affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems,and they are affected by the functional fish organizations.In this research,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,and Cyprinus carpio w...Fish feces affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems,and they are affected by the functional fish organizations.In this research,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,and Cyprinus carpio were selected to study the effects of different functional fish organizations on the fractal characteristics of fecal micro-structure by scanning electron microscopes(SEM),particles(pores)and cracks analysis system(PCAS).The results showed that fish feces pores mainly consisted of medium pores(cumulative pore number,97%)classified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).The grain area fractal dimension D_(1) and the pore-number and pore-size fractal dimension D_(2) were 1.94-1.96 and 2.07-2.19,respectively.The distribution of fish feces pores was very close to the Sierpinski carpet structure,which is the basic fractal construction methods widely used to describe the fractal of pore surface distribution.D_(1)(1.96)and D_(2)(2.19)of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were the maximum values of the three functional organizations.Combining with the habit of fish,it is inferred that the feces of H.molitrix,the finer the feed and the faster the swimming of fish,the higher the content of feces clay,the larger the fractal dimension of feces,the easier it is to decompose feces,and the high the content of nutrients and organic matter to release into the water.It is demined that fish functional organizations affected the fractal characteristics and the stability of fish feces in water.This study is helpful for further research on water quality prediction and the impact of functional fish organizations on the structure and function of the ecosystem.展开更多
文摘Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-early(early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment)" national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society(ACS) made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control(UICC), Cancer Council Australia(CCA), and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(CACA) as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health.
文摘It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe comprehensive strategic partnership has continuously deepened with exchanges and cooperation in various areas further
基金the Polar Research Institute of China for their funding
文摘This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Organization. It discusses the roles of the specific NGOs in dealing with black carbon in the Arctic region from the perspective of global governance to gain insights to guide our involvements in the Arctic affairs and shipping in the region by taking the advantages of NGOs' influence on the proceedings of international negotiations, our national policy development, the improvement of industrial practices and public perceptions.
基金The case study was funded by China UK Global Health Support Programme(GHSP-OP202)-Centre of Excellence in Health Development Aid in China:Capacity Building and Information Dissemination.
文摘Background:In the Yunnan province of China,18 counties in six prefectures border Myanmar.Due to its particular combination of geographic features,climate conditions,and cultural landscape,the area provides a suitable environment for the spread of insect-borne diseases such as malaria.In five identified Myanmar Special Regions along the China-Myanmar border,economic development is lagging,people live in extreme poverty,and the healthcare system is fragile.Coupled with political and other reasons,this precludes malaria control work to be effectively carried out in Myanmar,resulting in a heavy burden of the disease.Frequent population movements and favorable conditions for malaria transmission on the border fuel difficulties in controlling and eliminating the spread of the disease in the area.Case presentation:To reduce the prevalence of malaria in the China-Myanmar border area and improve healthcare services for local residents in this particular environment,Health Poverty Action(HPA)has provided malaria aid in the area since the beginning of 2006,as a sub-recipient of the China Global Fund Malaria Programs.In this case study,we examined HPA’s activities as part of its malaria control programs in the area,analyzed and summarized the effectiveness and impact of the cross-border healthcare model as implemented by non-governmental organizations,and put forward suggestions for cross-border health aid models and for the prevention of malaria transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion.Conclusions:HPA had carried out a great quantity of successful malaria control activities in border areas between China and Myanmar,strengthened the partnership and established the collaboration,coordination and cooperation channels among stakeholders.HPA has laid good groundwork and developed its valuable model that could be highlighted and referenced.
文摘Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.
文摘Background One of the effective ways to attract social collaboration to provide effective,prompt,and coordinated interventions in emergencies is through social innovation.The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations(NGOs)for saving people’s lives in crises.The initial idea of this research was obtained from the best practice“Every Home Is a Health Base”which was implemented in Iran.Methods The Grounded Theory strategy has been used in this study.The statistical population of the study is health experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran.The study time span is during the first half of 2020.Exploratory analysis was used to identify the factors of social innovation.By selecting and reviewing 68 research in-depth,the initial framework was prepared.Then,through a semi-structured interview with experts,the framework was adapted and reviewed.Based on the analysis of the collected data,39 open codes were extracted and the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation were identified.Results The eight axis codes as the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on the collaboration between government and NGOs are as follows:Paying attention to the components of the NGOs collaboration effectiveness,investment to attract NGOs collaboration,the ability to manage the implementation,the ability of networking,the ability of policymaking,providing the necessary cultural and educational infrastructure;Existence of capable legal organizations to solve the executive problems of the plan and facilitate coordination,and controlling,containing and reducing the effects of the crisis,as consequences.Conclusions Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic have shown the world that the current governmental and social structures are not efficient enough to respond quickly to the emergence of global challenges.Social innovation is a solution to this problem.The findings of this study also confirm this and identify the factors affecting the implementation of the social innovation plan based on collaboration between governments and NGOs in crises.The results of this research give governments and policymakers an efficient solution by involving NGOs,especially in times of widespread crises.Also,they can be used in planning for social development.
基金This study was funded by the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases at the World Health Organization(WHO/TDR)Impact Grant given to two TDR alumni from the DMRThe funders had no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the paper.
文摘Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required.In Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they are.In this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case detection.Methods:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in 2013-2014.For each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment outcomes.The contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same townships.Results:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable populations.Two recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected individuals.Two INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind initiatives.All relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully treated.The four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care supported by INGOs successfully achieved TB case detection in hard-toreach and vulnerable populations.This is vital to achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets.Strategies to ensure sustainability of the programs should be explored,including the need for longer-term commitment of INGOs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.
基金the MICINN (Spain)(Projects PID2019-104778GB-I00, PID2020-115100GB-I00Excellence Unit “Maria de Maeztu” CEX2019-000919-M)+5 种基金the Royal Society of Chemistryfunded by Generalitat Valenciana(PROMETEU/2021/054 and SEJI/2020/034)the “Ramón y Cajal” program (RYC2019-027940-I)the Royal Society (RGSR1221390)Royal Society of Chemistry (R21-5119312833) for the funding.
文摘Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular materials.In some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized properties.Therefore,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both topics.Herein,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972558)the Agricultural Improved Seed Project of Shandong Province,China(2020LZGC014)。
文摘Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.
文摘The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(Grant No.21CJL027)Think-tank Project for Industrial and Regional Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)(Grant No.GJSZKB202312)Key Discipline of the Peak Strategy of CASS(Regional Economics)(Grant No.DF2023ZD24).
文摘Advances in digital technology and vast data applications have resulted in the emergence of the digital economy paradigm,which is a new techno-economic paradigm for the digital economy age.Under this paradigm,the industrial organization has shifted toward networked,platform-based,boundaryless,and integrated development with new characteristics.Specifically,there has been a fierce“positional arms race”fueled by financial capital,accelerating the growth of platform companies.The“hierarchical monopolistic competition”market structure has taken shape,resulting in a“coexistence without disruption”monopolistic competition.As platform businesses expand into new business sectors,competition among industrial ecosystems intensifies.Data and algorithms have become secret weapons for corporate success,allowing platform companies to expand their monopolistic forces.Industrial organization in the digital era has revolutionized the operating rules and logic of industrial economy,giving rise to new industries,business models,and paradigms,as well as being conducive to international cooperation and intelligent regulation.Meanwhile,it has introduced new challenges to socioeconomic development,making platform companies’anti-competitive and monopolistic behaviors more implicit,privacy and security concerns more conspicuous,and antitrust identification and investigation more difficult.The government should embrace the evolving trends of industrial organization in the digital economy era,accelerate regulatory transition,and strengthen governance and regulation under the digital economy paradigm.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(No.32002443)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QD 149)。
文摘Fish feces affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems,and they are affected by the functional fish organizations.In this research,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,and Cyprinus carpio were selected to study the effects of different functional fish organizations on the fractal characteristics of fecal micro-structure by scanning electron microscopes(SEM),particles(pores)and cracks analysis system(PCAS).The results showed that fish feces pores mainly consisted of medium pores(cumulative pore number,97%)classified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).The grain area fractal dimension D_(1) and the pore-number and pore-size fractal dimension D_(2) were 1.94-1.96 and 2.07-2.19,respectively.The distribution of fish feces pores was very close to the Sierpinski carpet structure,which is the basic fractal construction methods widely used to describe the fractal of pore surface distribution.D_(1)(1.96)and D_(2)(2.19)of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were the maximum values of the three functional organizations.Combining with the habit of fish,it is inferred that the feces of H.molitrix,the finer the feed and the faster the swimming of fish,the higher the content of feces clay,the larger the fractal dimension of feces,the easier it is to decompose feces,and the high the content of nutrients and organic matter to release into the water.It is demined that fish functional organizations affected the fractal characteristics and the stability of fish feces in water.This study is helpful for further research on water quality prediction and the impact of functional fish organizations on the structure and function of the ecosystem.