The relationship between obese protein and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

To explore the role of obese protein (OP), the product of the obese gene, in the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Metbods: Plasma obese protein level was measured by radioimmunoassay in 21 normal subjects, 24 adult obese patients and 20 patients with NIDDM. Results: The levels of the plasma obese protein in NIDDM patients (81. 0±17. 5 pg/ml) were very significantly lower than those in normal subjects (194. 3±17. 7 pg/ml) and obese patients (109.1±16. 4 pg/ml ) (P<0.01). The levels of the plasma obese protein in non-obese NIDDM patients were very significantly lower than those in non-obese normal subjects (P<0.01), and the levels of the plasma obese protein in obese NIDDM patients were very significantly lower than those in obese patients (P<0. 01). The leve1s of the plasma obese protein in NIDDM patients were significantly correlated with polyphagia (P<0.05), but not correlated with the body weight indexes after strict dieting, and the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, hemoglobiti A, and the insulin levels during glucose tolerance test (P>0.05). Couclusion: Low plasma level of obese protein is one of the important factors contributing to obesity,and plasma obese protein may be closely related to the generation of NIDDM.

Association Studies of 3 Candidate Genes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population

Objectives To explore the relationship between the polymorphisms of the selected short tandem repeats (STRs) of the candidate genes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Chinese population,the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods STRs including D11S916 of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene,binucleotide repeat (CA)n within intron 6 [HSLi6(CA)] of hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL)gene and D20S501 of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B)gene polymorphisms were detected, by poiymerase chain reaction(PCR) ,poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining in 106 patients with type 2 DM and 102 control subjects. Results The allele distribution of UCP3 and HSL gene differed significantly between patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects (X2 = 26. 12,P<0. 005; X2 = 10. 33,P<0. 005,respectively). For UCP3 and HSL gene,the frequencies of alleles A6,A7,A8 and allele B9 were much higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0. 090 vs 0. 020,P<0. 005; 0. 109 vs 0. 015,P <0. 005; 0. 033 vs 0. 000,P<0. 05; 0. 033 vs 0. 005,P<0. 05,respectively),while the frequencies of allele A1 and allele B5 were lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0. 090 vs 0. 206,P<0. 005; 0. 057 vs 0. 118,P<0. 05,respectively). At D20S501 locus,The allele distribution of PTP-1B gene had no significant difference in two groups (X2 = 3. 77, P>0. 05). Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed positive correlation between alleles A6,A7 of UCP3 gene,systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) and type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Our data show that D11S916 of UCP3 gene and HSLi6(CA) of HSL gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese suggesting that UCP3 and HSL might represent susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. D20S501 of PTP-IB gem polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese. Alleles A6, A7 of UCP3 gene, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein B,Upoprotein (a) may play some role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Composita on Superoxide Dismutase and Malonyldialdehyde in Tresting Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ Ｓａｌｖｉａ Ｍｉｌｔｉｏｒｒｈｉｚａ Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａ ｏｎ Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ Ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ ａｎｄ Ｍａｌｏｎｙｌｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ ｉｎ Ｔｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ Ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ Ｎｏｎ－Ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ Ｄ...

Emblica officinalis improves glycemic status and oxidative stress in STZ induced type 2 diabetic model rats

Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis(E.officinalis)fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Type 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats.The rats were divided into nine groups including control groups receiving water,type 2 diabetic controls,type 2 diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide(T2GT)and type 2diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of E.officinalis.They were fed orally for8 weeks with a single feeding.Blood was collected by cutting the tail tip on 0 and 28 days and by decapitation on 56 day.Packed red blood cells and serum were used for evaluating different biochemical parameters.Results:Four weeks administration of aqueous extract of E.officinalis improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats and after 8 weeks it caused significant(P<0.007)reduction in fasting serum glucose level compared to 0 day.Triglycerides decreased by 14%but there was no significant change in serum ALT,creatinine,cholesterol and insulin level in any group.Furthermore,reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde level showed no significant change(P<0.07)but reduced glutathione content was found to be increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:The aqueous extract of E.officinalis has a promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and may be considered for further clinical studies in drug development.

Clinical Study on Jiang Tang San（降糖散）in Treating Non－Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patiente

The therapeutic effect of Jiang Tang San (JTS) on 30 cases with non-insulin dependent dia-betes mellitus (NIDDM) , was observed, whose fasting blood glucose ranged trom 11. 1 mmol/L to 13. 8mmol/L. The results suggested that JTS has significant effect on NIDDM patients in lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure levels. Clinical symptoms and blood glucose improved rapidly. JTS promotedthe elevation of serum insulin level 1 hour after meal. The total effective rate of lowering blood glucosereached 86. 7% . The results showed JTS is better than berberine on lowering blood glucose ( P< 0. 01 ) andwhen patients failed to respond to other hypoglycemics or on recurrence JTS was still effective. There wereno marked side-effects during the course of treatment.

Therapeutic Effect of Berberine on 60 Patients with Non－Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Experimental Research

The effects of berberine on 60 cases with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus and ex-perimental research results were observed in this study. The results suggest berberine has significant ef-fects on noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients and experimental diabetes in animals in the re-duction of blood glucose levels. The clinical symptoms basically disappeared and the level of serum insulinrose. The total effective rate was up to 90 percent and there were no signiticant side-effects. It was foundthat berberine has an effect on the recovery of pancreas islet cells, through pathological examination onthe animal subjects.

STUDY ON THE IMMUNE FUNCTION OF ERYTHROCYTE IN PATIENT WITH NIDDM

The author measured the immune function of erythrocyte in 50 cases of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM),and researched the effect of erythrocyte immune adherence adjustmeat factor on the immune function of erythrocyte. The results showed that in patients with NIDDM,erythrocyte C3b receptor rosette forming rate(ECRRFR)was much higher(P<0.01),erythrocyte immune adherence exciting factor(EIAEF)was much lower than that of normal controlgroup(P<0.01);erythrocyte immune complexes rosette forming rate(EICRFR)was much lower,and erythrocyte immune adherence inhibiting factor(EIAIF)was much nigher than that of normalPersons(P<0.01).The study also showed that a significant positive correlation was found betweenthe activation of erythrocyte C3b receptor and EIAEF,and a significant negative correlation wasfound between the activation of erythrocyte C3b receptor and EIAIF.

Clinical Observation on Diabetic Nephropathy Treated with Alcohol Extraction of Flos Abelmoschus Manihot

Sixty-eight cases of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus complicated with Nephropathywere randomly divided into two groups : the treated group, 35 cases treated with alcohol extraction of Flos A-belmoschus manihot, Gliclazide and Captopril Tablets; and the control group, 33 cases treated with Gli-clazide and Captopril Tablets, over a period of 8 weeks. The total effective rate in the treated and controlgroup were 83.87% and 31.03% respectively (P< 0 . 01 ) , urinary micro-albumin were 31 . 7 and 76.3mg/L(P < 0. 05) , proteinuria were 0. 41 and 0 . 77g/24hr ( P < 0. 01 ) , blood 2-microglobulin were 3317. 8 and3473. 1 hg/ml ( P < 0. 05) , urinary 2-microglobulin were 367. 2 and 641 . 5ng/ml ( P < 0. 01 ) , urinary N-acetyl- -glucosaminidase (NAG) were 26. 3 and 66. 7u/L ( P < 0. 01 ) , plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) were6. 13 and 8. 78 nmol/L ( P<0. 05) , and plasma superoxide anion were 8. 36 and 10. 42 kcpm respectively( P< 0. 05) . It was suggested that alcohol extraction of Abelmoschus manihot could eliminate oxygen freeradicals, alleviate renal tubular-interstitial diseases, improve renal function, and reduce proteinuria.

A review on Malaysian medicinal plants having anti-hyperglycemic activity

The use of natural products as a source of remedies has long history since ancient times.Currently,medicinal plants are traditional practices for an extensive range of therapeutics and pharmacological activities like hypoglycemic,immunological,antiviral,anti-inflammatory,anti-hepatic,cardiovascular and central nervous effect.In the past,the use of plant based medicines was mainly restricted to developing countries because of insufficient resources,but currently the trend is changed and natural products as a source of medicines are growing rapidly in developed countries.It is confirmed from research articles that nearly about 75%-80%of the reserved zone inhabitants used natural products for their health remedies.In all,about 250000-500000 species of plants exist worldwide and almost 800 plants have been documented for use in folklore systems of medicine.Regarding to this,Malaysia is being accepted as one of the largest biodiversity countries.In Malaysia,12000 species of natural products exist and 1200 are documented to have remedial potential against various diseases.In the market,a variety of allopathic drugs are available,but are linked to various side effects.Hence,there is rising interest in the direction to plant based medicines remedies with a basic tactic towards the nature.The anti-diabetic drugs from natural products source in current use and their same way of producing action are preferred mainly due to affordable price,easy availability and minor harmful effect on human beings.Therefore,the aim of the present research work was to review various Malaysian medicinal plants having potential in attenuation of high level of blood glucose.All over the world,diabetes mellitus is claimed to be one of the most common chronic hereditary non-communicable disease,fourth leading cause of mortality in the most developed countries.The disease is also spreading in many developing and newly industrialized nations.According to International Diabetes Federation,the diabetes will affect 592 million people in 2035.