Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation,High Temperature and Alkaline Chemicals on Ageing of Silicone Sealants Used in Ballastless Track Expansion Joints

Expansion joints silicone sealants used in high speed railway construction suffer from ultraviolet radiation（UV）, high temperature combined with the alkaline environment. To evaluate the durability and analyse the ageing mechanism, six one-component silicone sealants from different companies were selected and subjected to accelerated ageing tests including UV, thermal and alkali ageing treatments. The ageing effects on the performance of the sealants were evaluated via the appearance and the mechanical property changes. The changes in molecular structure were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and thermogravimetry（TG）. This study revealed that different materials displayed different sensibilities to the ageing methods, in which 15 %-20 % decreases of mechanical properties could be observed under UV radiation test, owning the most significant effects. Structure analysis showed that the physical changes of aggregative states were the principal factors to the performance, along with the chemical slight changes. The glossiness dropped significantly in ageing test, which could be used as one of the effective evaluation parameters for ageing conditions in the field.

Numerical analysis of influence of expansion joints on welding residual stress of an EGR cooler

The influence of expansion joints on the welding residual stress at the tube-plate junction of an exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)cooler was studied by numerical simulation method.The simulation results show that the expansion joints set on the housing of the EGR cooler mainly for the sake of protecting the tube-plate joints from bearing additional heating stress can also reduce the welding residual tensile stress.The expansion joints set on the EGR cooler can mitigate the tensile force acting on the edges of the main plates through its elastic extension,and thus reduce the magnitude of welding residual tensile stress at the tube-plate junction.

Damage alarming for bridge expansion joints using novelty detection technique based on long-term monitoring data

Damage alarming and safety evaluation using long-term monitoring data is an area of significant research activity for long-span bridges. In order to extend the research in this field, the damage alarming technique for bridge expansion joints based on long-term monitoring data was developed. The effects of environmental factors on the expansion joint displacement were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were obtained to describe the correlation between displacements and the dominant environmental factors. The damage alarming index was defined based on the multiple regression models. At last, the X-bar control chart was utilized to detect the abnormal change of the displacements. Analysis results reveal that temperature and traffic condition are the dominant environmental factors to influence the displacement. When the confidence level of X-bar control chart is set to be 0.003, the false-positive indications of damage can be avoided. The damage sensitivity analysis shows that the proper X-bar control chart can detect 0.1 cm damage-induced change of the expansion joint displacement. It is reasonably believed that the proposed technique is robust against false-positive indication of damage and suitable to alarm the possible future damage of the expansion joints.

Design of Bridge Expansion Joints with Perforated Dowels Under Impact Loading

The expansion joints are expected to have movement capacity, bearing capacity for static and dynamic loading, water-tightness, low noise emission and traffic safety. In particular, the failure due to impact loading is the main reason for the observed damages. The problem of dynamic behavior of the expansion joints is so complex that we shall focus our attention on the impact factor for vehicle load that is governed by traffic impact. In order to overcome this difficulty, the cantilever-toothed aluminum joint (finger joint) is one of the promising joints under impact loading. In this study, from the viewpoint of design methodology, numerical studies for impact behavior were conducted for aluminum alloy expansion joints with perforated dowels. The design impact factor for the expansion joints with the perforated dowels against traffic impact loading was examined by using numerical simulations.

Durability of Bridge Expansion Joints with Perforated Dowels Under Traffic Impact Loading

In design phases, expansion joints are required to have movement capacity, bearing capacity for static and dynamic loading, watertight, low noise emission and traffic safety. On the basis of the fact that failure due to dynamic loading is the main reason for the observed damages, attention is focused on the bearing capacity for dynamic loading governed by impact, because it differs from the static loading. In this study, from the viewpoint of durability, experimental studies for dynamic behavior were conducted for aluminium alloy expansion joints with perforated dowels. The validity of the perforated dowels against traffic impact loading was confirmed by both experimental and numerical studies.

BASF and Sinopec Break Ground on $1.4 Billion Expansion of Nanjing Joint Venture Chemical Site

BASF and Sinopec began the construction for the expansion of their joint venture,BASF-YPC Co.,Ltd. (BYC). BASF and Sinopec plan to jointly invest approximately $1.4 billion

Characterization of the negative thermal expansion material Zr_(1-x)Hf_xW_2O_8

The oxide ZrW_2O_8 displays unusual property of isotropic negative thermalexpansion in a large wide temperature range, which makes it have a number of important potentialapplications. The cubic Zr_(1-x)Hf_xW_2O_8 (x velence 0,0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0) were synthesized bystandard solid state reaction technique. The high and low temperature X-ray diffraction analysisindicate that the substitution of the Hf^(4+) for Zr^(4+) only leads to reducing the latticeconstants, and the changes of negative thermal expansion coefficients are not obvious. The linearexpansion coefficients of Zr_(1-x)Hf_xW_2O_8 (x velence 0,0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0) are about -6 X 10^(-6) K^(-1) in the temperature range of 298 to 973 K, while that of Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5)W_2O_8 is -9.6X 10^(-6) K_(-1) from 83 to 298 K. The phase transition temperatures from alpha-ZrW_2O_8 tobeta-ZrW_2O_8 structure were also determined by X-ray diffraction method. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) exhibits that Zr_(1-x)Hf_xW_2O_8 is not hygroscopic in air.

电阻缝焊在多层波纹管膨胀节制造中的非典型应用

因薄壁多层的波纹管刚度小,补偿量大,寿命长而得到广泛应用。但薄壁多层的波纹管与其连接件的环缝焊接难度较大。为了方便多层波纹管的环缝焊接,多采用电阻缝焊将波纹管的直边段封焊在一起。电阻焊缝普遍存在2种状态,即熔合状态和塑性粘合状态。在生产实践中和通过试验研究发现,塑性粘合状态的电阻焊缝大量存在,但并没有显著影响环缝的焊接,采用分散热输入的多层焊是可以克服的。此种电阻缝焊的目的和要求与通常意义上的2层电阻缝焊不同,不要求有承压强度和密封性,只要将多层波纹管端部塑性粘合成整体,当波纹管与连接件焊接时,使下层起到对上层的衬垫作用,不致烧穿即可。此处电阻焊缝是工艺过程焊缝,不是终极焊缝,是在波纹管膨胀节制造过程中的非典型应用。生产实践中不分层的塑性粘合状态的电阻焊缝也可以满足环缝焊接。

桥梁无缝伸缩缝树脂弹性体路用性能试验研究

无缝伸缩缝是一种新型的桥梁伸缩缝,为研究无缝伸缩缝树脂弹性体路用性能,探究应用于桥梁中小位移伸缩缝的可行性。该文通过60℃车辙试验、-10℃低温小梁弯曲试验、动态模量试验、泊松比试验和Overlay Test(OT)试验对树脂弹性体的高低温稳定性、变形性能和疲劳抗裂性能进行了对比研究。试验结果表明:树脂弹性体60℃动稳定度>31 000次/mm,-10℃低温弯曲应变>43 000×10^(-6),不同温度和荷载条件下动态模量为10~12MPa,拉伸/压缩泊松比为0.030~0.050,OT试验断裂能相对TST弹塑体提高59%。桥梁无缝伸缩缝树脂弹性体具有优异的高低温性能,对温度和荷载频率不敏感,是一种泊松比低、抗疲劳开裂能力较强的材料,更能满足桥梁中小位移伸缩缝的行车和变形要求。

桥梁伸缩缝锚固区破坏机理及材料应用现状

伸缩缝锚固区是保障伸缩缝正常工作的重要组成部分,但受施工和交通荷载的影响易出现病害,严重影响了桥梁使用质量和行车安全。针对桥梁伸缩缝锚固区的结构和受力特点,介绍了伸缩缝锚固区材料的破坏形式,分析了锚固区破坏机理,总结了锚固区材料的性能需求,分析了目前各类锚固区材料应用现状,并为伸缩缝锚固区材料选取提出了建议。

伸缩缝及支座病害对简支梁桥车致动力响应的影响研究

中小跨径桥梁在中国公路桥梁中占比大,其伸缩缝服役环境恶劣,易发生损伤造成过往车辆剧烈振动、桥梁支座损伤等病害。为探明伸缩缝、支座参数对简支梁桥车致动力响应的影响,建立了车⁃伸缩缝⁃桥梁耦合动力响应(VBCV⁃J)数值分析方法,并通过实测数据验证了该方法,进而开展了伸缩缝、支座参数影响规律的研究。研究结果表明:车速与车辆的振动密切相关,在车速较高、路面状况“一般”时,伸缩缝、梁端的冲击效应会超出规范值。伸缩缝中梁高于路面会导致该部件的冲击效应增大明显,反之则有所减小;而伸缩缝中梁高于或低于路面,均会造成该桥梁端冲击效应增大。伸缩缝弹性支撑刚度的降低、主梁边支座脱空均会引起伸缩缝、主梁梁端的冲击效应增大。支座刚度降低则主要导致主梁整体的冲击效应增大。伸缩缝的破损不仅影响自身冲击效应,还会大幅增大简支梁桥梁端构件的冲击作用,在设计和养护中,应对伸缩缝及梁端构件给予足够的重视。

某试验台高温高压管道结构设计研究

针对某型号燃烧室压力模化试验台高温高压管道展开设计,管道试压过程发生膨胀节变形,根据现场实际变形情况开展原因分析,提出膨胀节及试验台管道优化改进方案,通过开展有限元分析,论证了方案的可行性。根据优化改进方案进行现场调整,并开展高温高压联调测试,验证了优化改进方案的可行性。

基于循环孔洞扩张模型的X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测

海洋工程钢结构在服役过程中,受风、浪、流或地震等极端循环载荷的影响,易发生超低周疲劳断裂破坏,造成人员伤亡及财产损失,因此超低周疲劳断裂分析及寿命预测对于海工结构安全性评估至关重要。然而,现阶段基于累积损伤理论提出的多种超低周疲劳寿命预测模型无法对多尺度节点实现统一预测,造成了实际工程应用的不便。因此文中基于循环孔洞扩张模型开展X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测。首先,开发了基于循环孔洞扩张模型的VUSDFLD程序,实现ABAQUS与FORTRAN子程序联合应用,利用有限元分析验证循环孔洞扩张模型在X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂分析中的有效性;其次,根据多组X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂有限元分析结果,在宏观层面提出了一种基于Manson-Coffin公式的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式;最后,依据Miner理论,将适用于等幅加载的超低周疲劳寿命公式扩展至变幅加载情况,验证了多种节点尺寸下超低周疲劳公式的适用性,为工程应用提供了理论依据。

膨胀套管接头柱面密封结构密封性能分析

为了研究影响膨胀套管接头柱面密封结构密封性能的因素,采用有限元显示动力学分析方法,对构建的膨胀套管接头柱面密封结构的膨胀过程进行有限元仿真和分析,得到了无载荷工况、内压和金属密封面初始间隙对套管接头密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:在无载荷工况下,套管接头膨胀后金属密封面间接触力为零,不具备密封性能;在0~30 MPa范围内,施加的压力越大,膨胀后金属密封面间的接触力越大,密封性能越高;金属密封面初始间隙对套管接头的密封性能影响最大,当金属密封面初始间隙在0.1~0.4 mm范围内减小时,套管膨胀后密封面上的接触力逐渐增大,柱面密封结构的密封性能逐渐提高。分析结果可为膨胀套管接头密封性能优化设计提供参考。

纵横梁耦合连续体系在城市立交桥分合流位置处的应用分析

城市立交桥在分合流位置常通过采用异形钢结构桥梁,并设置伸缩缝的形式适应桥面宽度的改变。但对于日益增多的城市立交桥改扩建工程,分合流位置有时需要设置大型门架横梁跨越地下管网或构筑物,此时在该处设置伸缩缝会因主梁与横梁高度的叠加,导致结构高度过大。为研究该情况下的桥梁结构选型问题,提出在分合流位置采用纵横梁耦合的连续体系方案,借助有限元计算方法,对该类桥型的结构可行性进行分析,并讨论了支座横向偏心、门架横梁弯曲刚度对内力状态、整体刚度及支反力的影响,以期探明该类桥型的受力特点及关键力学参数。结果表明:恒载状态下的支反力均匀程度可作为控制性指标,检验该类桥型的受力合理性;适当增大门架横梁的弯曲刚度,可有效控制结构的竖向及扭转变形。

混合梁斜拉桥微膨胀UHPC灌注钢混结合段的时变效应

为明确微膨胀超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High-Performance Concrete,UHPC)灌注材料的收缩徐变对混合梁斜拉桥钢混结合段长期性能的影响,以湖北武穴长江公路大桥为工程背景,开展材性试验与结构反应实测。基于一种全桥杆系+局部空间网格的多尺度有限元建模方法,对不同灌注材料收缩徐变下钢混结合段的时变效应进行分析研究。研究结果表明:实桥所采用的微膨胀UHPC在测试龄期内膨胀应变呈现出先增后减且始终保持膨胀的趋势,在约5 d龄期时达到最大膨胀应变292.6με,至1 080 d时为83.8με;徐变系数在前50 d龄期内增长较快,至1 080 d时为1.63。灌注材料的收缩可在结合段内部产生显著的次应力,表现为内填混凝土的拉应力和钢格室的压应力;徐变则会导致混凝土应力松弛而使一部分恒载压应力向钢结构转移。运营20 a后,钢混结合段内填普通混凝土存在较高的开裂风险。未作收缩控制的普通UHPC虽亦出现拉应力,但未超过其抗拉强度,抗裂安全系数仍可达到1.5以上。而微膨胀UHPC处于受压状态,不存在开裂问题。微膨胀UHPC的应用,既可改善内填混凝土的抗裂性能,又有助于常规钢混结合段的结构优化,大幅减少材料用量和结构自重。

公路桥梁梳齿板伸缩装置的优化设计

为减少某型梳齿板伸缩缝的制造成本,利用有限元ANSYS Workbench平台对结构进行轻量化设计。首先对100%开口极限工况下的梳齿板伸缩缝进行静强度和刚度验算。其次根据行业标准对实际极限工况下的梳齿板伸缩装置进行承载力试验,验证仿真计算的正确性。最后选择对伸缩装置重量、应力和变形影响较大的参数作为设计变量,以装置的许用应力与变形作为约束条件,装置的总重量为优化目标,采用两种不同的优化方法对其进行轻量化设计并进行强度刚度验证。优化结果表明:优化后的总重量减轻38.06%,优化效果显著,且符合该装置的强度和刚度要求。互相对比两种优化结果,验证了方法的可行性及可靠性,为研究桥梁伸缩装置结构轻量化设计提供了参考。

桥梁拓宽中新旧桥梁连接方法和受力分析应用与研究

结合实际工程,研究了新旧桥梁之间的连接方法,研发了用于新旧桥梁连接的伸缩装置和沉降装置;采用有限元模型模拟新旧桥梁,分析了旧桥在拓宽后的内力变化,以及主梁位移变形的情况。结果表明:提出的新旧桥梁的连接方法在伸缩缝与沉降缝交点处可保持桥面平整,并有良好防水、防尘性能;老桥的主梁拓宽后在移动的车辆荷载作用下其内力较拓宽前减小很多,新桥的内力相应增加,说明新桥对旧桥的荷载起到了一部分的承担作用;新旧桥梁连接后,桥梁的整体性更好,受力更为均匀。

基于物联网的高温热风炉膨胀节无线监测系统

针对某钢厂热风炉管道系统膨胀节设计了一套位移与泄漏的在线监测系统。传感器采用基于窄带物联网无线传输方式与监控平台连接,无须现场布线与外部供电,安装简便。对于无线传感器需在高温条件下工作,采取特殊散热设计,并通过Fluent软件仿真计算验证散热性能。最后在现场运行整个系统,实现了热风炉管道系统膨胀节在线监测,可为同类型高温膨胀节的无线监测方案设计作参考。