Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in the whispering gallery mode microresonator

With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the research group led by Dr.Dong Chunhua(董春华)at the CAS Key Lab of Quantum Information,University of Science and Technology of China。

Passive technologies for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits on silicon: polarization handling, light non-reciprocity and loss reduction

Silicon-based large-scale photonic integrated circuits are becoming important,due to the need for higher complexity and lower cost for optical transmitters,receivers and optical buffers.In this paper,passive technologies for large-scale photonic integrated circuits are described,including polarization handling,light non-reciprocity and loss reduction.The design rule for polarization beam splitters based on asymmetrical directional couplers is summarized and several novel designs for ultra-short polarization beam splitters are reviewed.A novel concept for realizing a polarization splitter–rotator is presented with a very simple fabrication process.Realization of silicon-based light non-reciprocity devices(e.g.,optical isolator),which is very important for transmitters to avoid sensitivity to reflections,is also demonstrated with the help of magneto-optical material by the bonding technology.Low-loss waveguides are another important technology for large-scale photonic integrated circuits.Ultra-low loss optical waveguides are achieved by designing a Si3N4 core with a very high aspect ratio.The loss is reduced further to,0.1 dB m21 with an improved fabrication process incorporating a high-quality thermal oxide upper cladding by means of wafer bonding.With the developed ultra-low loss Si3N4 optical waveguides,some devices are also demonstrated,including ultra-high-Q ring resonators,low-loss arrayed-waveguide grating(de)multiplexers,and high-extinction-ratio polarizers.

A Non-Stationary Beam-Enabled Stochastic Channel Model and Characterization over Non-Reciprocal Beam Patterns

The multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)-enabled beamforming technology offers great data rate and channel quality for next-generation communication.In this paper,we propose a beam channel model and enable it with time-varying simulation capability by adopting the stochastic geometry theory.First,clusters are generated located within transceivers'beam ranges based on the Mate?rn hardcore Poisson cluster process.The line-of-sight,singlebounce,and double-bounce components are calculated when generating the complex channel impulse response.Furthermore,we elaborate on the expressions of channel links based on the propagation-graph theory.A birth-death process consisting of the effects of beams and cluster velocities is also formulated.Numerical simulation results prove that the proposed model can capture the channel non-stationarity.Besides,the non-reciprocal beam patterns yield severe channel dispersion compared to the reciprocal patterns.

Reliability-Optimal Pilot-Assisted Transmission for URLLC over Non-Reciprocal MISO Channels: TDD or FDD?

In this paper, we focus on the pilot-assisted transmission design for downlink URLLC over nonreciprocal channels, in which the multi-antenna controller sends mission-critical data signals to a singleantenna actuator. In this system, the prior knowledge of downlink channel state information(CSI) is a prerequisite for reliable data transmission. Generally, the acquisition of downlink CSI is completed either via the uplink pilot measurement exploiting channel reciprocity and time-division duplex(TDD) operation, or via the downlink pilot measurement with quantized feedback and frequency division duplex(FDD) operation. Inspired by this, we aim to investigate how the degree of channel non-reciprocity impacts the transmission reliability of our URLLC system, and the superiority between the TDD mode and FDD mode in terms of transmission reliability maximization. To describe the degree of reliability loss, we derive the closed-form approximations on the transmission error probability of URLLC in TDD and FDD modes, via leveraging the Gauss-Hermite and Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature rules. Following by the theoretical approximations, we demonstrate how to determine the optimal training pilot length and quantized feedback duration that maximize the transmission reliability under given latency constraint. Through numerical results,we validate the accuracy of theoretical approximations derived in this paper, and obtain some meaningful conclusions.

Interaction induced non-reciprocal three-level quantum transport

Besides its fundamental importance, non-reciprocity has also found many potential applications in quantum technology. Recently, many quantum systems have been proposed to realize non-reciprocity, but stable non-reciprocal process is still experimentally difficult in general, due to the needed cyclical interactions in artificial systems or operational difficulties in solid state materials. Here, we propose a new kind of interaction induced non-reciprocal operation, based on the conventional stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage (STIRAP) setup, which removes the experimental difficulty of requiring cyclical interaction, and thus it is directly implementable in various quantum systems. Furthermore, we also illustrate our proposal on a chain of three coupled superconducting transmons, which can lead to a non-reciprocal circulator with high fidelity without a ring coupling configuration as in the previous schemes or implementations. Therefore, our protocol provides a promising way to explore fundamental non-reciprocal quantum physics as well as realize non-reciprocal quantum device.

Mechanical Janus lattice with plug-switch orientation

In recent years,materials with asymmetric mechanical response properties(mechanical Janus materials)have been found possess numerous potential applications,i.e.shock absorption and vibration isolation.In this study,we propose a novel mechanical Janus lattice whose asymmetric mechanical response can be switched in orientation by a plug.Through finite element analysis and experimental verification,this lattice exhibits asymmetric displacement responses to symmetric forces.Furthermore,with such a plug structure inside,individual lattices can switch the orientation of asymmetry and thus achieve reprogrammable design of a mechanical structure with chained lattices.The reprogrammable asymmetry of this material will offer multiple functions in design of mechanical metamaterials.

Investigation of a New Waveguide Structure Based on Negative Index Material for Optoelectronic Applications

In this work, a waveguide structure consisting of a new artificial negative index material (NIM) surrounded by a nonlinear cover and a ferrite (YIG) substrate has been designed and investigated. We apply the boundary conditions and impose the condition of negative effective permeability of the ferrite slab to derive the dispersion relation related to the proposed structure. The NIM permittivity and permeability are not constant and depend on the operating frequency. The dispersion properties of the nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves (NEM) are analyzed and the associated propagation index is calculated. Results show that the dispersion could be tuned and controlled by selecting the NIM film thickness and the film-cover interface nonlinearity. The proposed structure is supporting unusual types of NEM surface waves having a non-reciprocal behavior widely used in designing optoelectronic devices.

Tunable and switchable polarization rotation with non-reciprocal plasmonic thin films at designated wavelengths

We experimentally demonstrate an ultra-thin plasmonic optical rotator in the visible regime that induces a polarization rotation that is continuously tunable and switchable by an external magnetic field.The rotator is a magneto-plasmonic hybrid structure consisting of a magneto-optical EuSe slab and a one-dimensional plasmonic gold grating.At low temperatures,EuSe possesses a large Verdet constant and exhibits Faraday rotation,which does not saturate over a regime of several Tesla.By combining these properties with plasmonic Faraday rotation enhancement,a large tuning range of the polarization rotation of up to 8.4° for a film thickness of 220 nm is achieved.Furthermore,through experiments and simulations,we demonstrate that the unique dispersion properties of the structure enable us to tailor the wavelengths of the tunable polarization rotation to arbitrary spectral positions within the transparency window of the magneto-optical slab.The demonstrated concept might lead to important,highly integrated,non-reciprocal,photonic devices for light modulation,optical isolation,and magnetic field optical sensing.The simple fabrication of EuSe nanostructures by physical vapor deposition opens the way for many potentially interesting magneto-plasmonic systems and three-dimensional magneto-optical metamaterials.

Non-reciprocal Sound Transmission in Electro-acoustic Systems with Time-Modulated Circuits

Non-reciprocal sound transmission is demonstrated in an electro-acoustic system consisting of two shunt loudspeakers with time-modulated circuits.The shunt circuit is modulated by periodically varying the resistance in time sequence,and a phase difference of time modulation is set between two sets of loudspeakers to produce a spatial bias.The spatiotemporal modulation of acoustic properties is thus formed to break the reciprocity.The theoretical model based on the transfer-matrix method is developed to predict acoustic scatterings of electro-acoustic systems.Acoustic asymmetric transmission in opposite directions is disclosed by the model and is verified by time-domain simulation results based on the finite-difference time-domain method.Asymmetric transmission in multiple frequency bands can be created by tuning circuit parameters,showing their ability in regulating acoustic non-reciprocal behavior.This study may provide a platform for the design of compact and non-reciprocal acoustic devices with applications to efficient noise control.

Clustering of quorum sensing colloidal particles

We propose a simple model of colloidal suspension,whereby individual particles change their diffusivity from high(hot)to low(cold),as the local concentration of their closest peers grows larger than a certain threshold.Such a non-reciprocal interactive mechanism is known in biology as quorum sensing.Upon tuning the parameters of the adopted quorum sensing protocol,the suspension is numerically shown to go through a variety of two-phase(hot and cold)configurations.This is an archetypal model with potential applications in robotics and social studies.

Optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity

Electromagnetically induced transparency has the unique ability to optically control transparency windows with low light in atomic systems.However,its practical applications in quantum physics and information science are limited due to rigid experimental requirements.Here we demonstrate a new mechanism of optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity by introducing a four-wave mixing gain to nonlinearly couple two separated resonances of the micro-cavity in an ambient environment.A signature Fano-like resonance was observed owing to the nonlinear interference of the two coupled resonances.Moreover,we show that the unidirectional gain of the four-wave mixing can lead to the remarkable effect of non-reciprocal transmission at the transparency windows.Optically induced transparency may offer a unique platform for a compact,integrated solution to all-optical and quantum information.