This paper discusses on the detection of outliers by hybridizing Rough_Outlier Algorithm with Negative Association Rules. An optimization algorithm named Binary Particle Swarm Optimization is used to improve the compu...This paper discusses on the detection of outliers by hybridizing Rough_Outlier Algorithm with Negative Association Rules. An optimization algorithm named Binary Particle Swarm Optimization is used to improve the computation of Non_Reduct in order to detect outliers.By using Binary PSO algorithm, the rules generated from Rough_Outliers algorithm is optimized, giving significant outliers object detected. The detection ofoutliers process is then enhanced by hybridizing it with Negative Association Rules. Frequent and Infrequent item sets from outlier rules are generated. Results show that the hybrid Rough_Negative algorithm is able to uncover meaningful knowledge of outliers from the frequent and infrequent item sets. These knowledge can then be used by experts in their field of domain for better decision making.展开更多
The causal exclusion problem is often considered as one of the major difficulties for which non-reductive physicalists have no easy solution to offer. Some non-reductive physicalists address this problem by arguing th...The causal exclusion problem is often considered as one of the major difficulties for which non-reductive physicalists have no easy solution to offer. Some non-reductive physicalists address this problem by arguing that mental properties are to some extent causally autonomous. If this is the case, then mental properties will not be causally excluded by their physical realizers because causation, in general, is a relation between properties of the same level. In this paper, I argue that the response from causal autonomy cannot be successful for two reasons. First, it does not offer a satisfactory explanation for how mental particulars can have causal efficacy in a non-reductive physicalist framework. Second, the causal considerations underpinning this response do not really support the conclusion that mental properties are causally autonomous.展开更多
Non-reductive physicalism is attacked by Jaegwon Kim＇s exclusion argument. Kim argues that if mental and physical properties are distinct, then mental properties are causally irrelevant. My task in this paper is to r...Non-reductive physicalism is attacked by Jaegwon Kim＇s exclusion argument. Kim argues that if mental and physical properties are distinct, then mental properties are causally irrelevant. My task in this paper is to refute this argument and to provide a solution for the problem of mental causation. Taking mental properties as higher-order properties, I attempt to propose a property-exemplification account of events that is compatible with the thesis of token identity. I then attempt to refute the exclusion argument by arguing that mental causation and physical causation are not homogeneous; that is, they are two different kinds of causation. Kim＇s exclusion argument only demonstrates the impossibility of a productive conception of mental causation; however, only a difference-making conception is appropriate for mental causation and human agency. If these results are plausible, they would serve as a metaphysical basis for an autonomy approach to mental causation, which attempts to save the causal relevance of mental properties by arguing that there is only intra-level causal relevance.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses on the detection of outliers by hybridizing Rough_Outlier Algorithm with Negative Association Rules. An optimization algorithm named Binary Particle Swarm Optimization is used to improve the computation of Non_Reduct in order to detect outliers.By using Binary PSO algorithm, the rules generated from Rough_Outliers algorithm is optimized, giving significant outliers object detected. The detection ofoutliers process is then enhanced by hybridizing it with Negative Association Rules. Frequent and Infrequent item sets from outlier rules are generated. Results show that the hybrid Rough_Negative algorithm is able to uncover meaningful knowledge of outliers from the frequent and infrequent item sets. These knowledge can then be used by experts in their field of domain for better decision making.
文摘The causal exclusion problem is often considered as one of the major difficulties for which non-reductive physicalists have no easy solution to offer. Some non-reductive physicalists address this problem by arguing that mental properties are to some extent causally autonomous. If this is the case, then mental properties will not be causally excluded by their physical realizers because causation, in general, is a relation between properties of the same level. In this paper, I argue that the response from causal autonomy cannot be successful for two reasons. First, it does not offer a satisfactory explanation for how mental particulars can have causal efficacy in a non-reductive physicalist framework. Second, the causal considerations underpinning this response do not really support the conclusion that mental properties are causally autonomous.
文摘Non-reductive physicalism is attacked by Jaegwon Kim＇s exclusion argument. Kim argues that if mental and physical properties are distinct, then mental properties are causally irrelevant. My task in this paper is to refute this argument and to provide a solution for the problem of mental causation. Taking mental properties as higher-order properties, I attempt to propose a property-exemplification account of events that is compatible with the thesis of token identity. I then attempt to refute the exclusion argument by arguing that mental causation and physical causation are not homogeneous; that is, they are two different kinds of causation. Kim＇s exclusion argument only demonstrates the impossibility of a productive conception of mental causation; however, only a difference-making conception is appropriate for mental causation and human agency. If these results are plausible, they would serve as a metaphysical basis for an autonomy approach to mental causation, which attempts to save the causal relevance of mental properties by arguing that there is only intra-level causal relevance.
