Creation of targeted inversion mutations in plants using an RNA-guided endonuclease

Inversions are DNA rearrangements that are essential for plant gene evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. We demonstrate the creation of targeted inversions and previously reported targeted deletion mutations via delivery of a pair of RNA-guided endonucleases(RGENs) of CRISPR/Cas9. The efficiencies of the targeted inversions were2.6% and 2.2% in the Arabidopsis FLOWERING TIME(At FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1(At TFL1)loci, respectively. Thus, we successfully established an approach that can potentially be used to introduce targeted DNA inversions of interest for functional studies and crop improvement.

Relationship between apurinic endonuclease 1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and gastrointestinal cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between apurinic endonuclease 1(APE1) Asp148 Glu polymorphism and the susceptibility to gastrointestinal(GI) cancers.METHODS:We searched Pub Med, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) databases updated on July 15, 2014 for relevant studies.Only case-control studies comparing APE1 Asp148 Glu polymorphism and GI cancer risk were included.We excluded studies reporting only standardized incidence ratios without control groups and those without detailed genotyping data.Meta-analysis was performed on 17 studies involving 4856 cancer patients and 6136 cancer-free controls.Review Manager version 5.1 was used to perform the meta-analysis.The pooled odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were estimated under the allele contrast, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive genetic models.We also conducted subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity and cancer type.Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's test.RESULTS:The meta-analysis showed a significant association between APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and GI cancer risk in three genetic models in the overall population(G vs T:OR=1.18;95%CI:1.05-1.32;TG vs TT:OR=1.28;95%CI:1.08-1.52;TG+GG vs TT:OR=1.32;95%CI:1.10-1.57).Stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a statistically increased GI cancer risk in Asians(G vs T:OR=1.27;95%CI:1.07-1.51;GG vs TT:OR=1.58;95%CI:1.05-2.38;TG vs TT:OR=1.30;95%CI,1.01-1.67;and TG+GG vs TT:OR=1.38;95%CI:1.07-1.78),but not in Caucasians.Furthersubgroup analysis by cancer type indicated that APE1Asp148Glu polymorphism may contribute to gastric cancer risk.However,Asp148Glu has no significant association with colorectal or esophageal cancer risk in any genetic model.CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis suggests that the APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphism G allele is associated with an increased GI cancer risk,especially in gastric cancer.

Differential expression of hepatic apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1,a DNA repair enzyme,in chronic hepatitis

AIM:To determine hepatic expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1(APE-1)and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C.METHODS:Liver biopsies were obtained from 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV),30 with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV),6 with autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),and 6 with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).Normal liver tissue was obtained from surgical resection specimens of four patients.Hepatic APE-1 protein and mRNA expression were assayed by Western blot and by real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Hepatocellular APE-1 and 8-OHdG expression were determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The staining intensity of hepatocellular nuclear APE-1 was lower in the HBV group than in the other groups(P < 0.05).Hepatic APE-1 protein levels were reduced in the HBV group relative to the other groups.Hepatic APE-1 mRNA levels were also lower in the HBV group.The proportion of hepatocytes with 8-OHdG-positive nuclei was increased in the HCV,AIH and PBC groups(P < 0.05),but not in the HBV group.Hepatocellular nuclear APE-1 levels were positively correlated with hepatocellular 8-OHdG levels in both the HBV and HCV groups(HBV,r = 0.34,P < 0.05;HCV,r = 0.54,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:An imbalance between oxidative DNA damage and APE-1 expression may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic viral hepatitis.

Alteration of the Specificity of PstⅠ Restriction Endonuclease

The influence of factors on the subst rate-specificity of Pst Ⅰ restric tion endonuclease has been studied with the method of electrophoresis. The resu lts show that, the specificity of Pst Ⅰ almost can not be influenced by th e sin gle alteration of the concentration of Tris·HCl, Mg 2+ or Na+ in the rea ction s ystem, but it can be altered by the reduction of any two of them. The specificit y can not be altered by the single alteration of pH or the replacement of Mg 2+ w ith Mn 2+. The addition of glycerol or dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to the rea ction system results in the relaxation of the substrate-specificity of Pst Ⅰ , b ut dim ethylmethylformide, glycol and ethyl alcohol can not bring about the alteration of Pst Ⅰ specificity. Through the method of cloning and sequencing, the nuc leot ides of No.1 and 6 in the recognition sequence of Pst Ⅰ have changed (1C→A or 6 G→T). Used with the enzyme analysis of an artificially synthetic DNA segment co ntaining a special sequence, the nucleotides of No.1 and 6 have both changed (1C →A and 6G→T). The recognition sequence of Pst Ⅰ is speculated to be chan ged from CTGCA↓G to TGCA↓.

Kinetic Studies on the Irreversible Inhibition of Restriction Endonuclease Pst I by Site-Specific Inhibitors

The irreversible modifying effects onPst I of several inhibitors have been studied with the irreversible inhibition kinetic theory of single substrate reaction provided by Tsou, C. L. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DEP), 2,3-diacetyl (DAC) and N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazoliun-3′-sulfonate (woodward's reagent K, WRK) modify the lysine, cysine, serteine, arginine and carboxyl groups of the protein molecule respectively. These five inhibitors have been found to inhibit both the prime activity and star activity ofPst I. Used with the irreversible inhibition theory, the apparent inhibition rate constant,A and the microcosmic inhibition rate constants,k +0 andk′ +0 of every inhibitor were calculated. We also found that their inhibition effects belong to the noncompetitive irreversible inhibition. Results show that among the groups to be modified, some have nothing to do with the combination with the substrate, and some may have, but any of them isn't the only factor involved in the specific binding. Despite all this, they may take part in the catalysis of enzyme or have important effects on maintaining the active structure of enzyme molecules. Furthermore, serine and arginine residues are related to the alteration ofPst I conformation and then influence the ability ofPst I recognizing and incising DNA specifically.

Detection of Low-abundance Point Mutations by Competitive Strand Assisted Endonuclease Ⅳ Signal Amplification System

Genetic mutations are important molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and surveillance. Therefore, the development of methods for mutation detection characterized with straightforward, highly specific and sensitive to low-level mutations within various sequence contexts is extremely needed. Although some of the currently available methods have shown very encouraging results, their discrimination efficiency is still very low. Herein, we demonstrate a fluorescent probe coupled with blocker and property of melting temperature discrimination, which is able to identify the presence of known or unknown single-base variations at abundances down to 0.1% within 20 min. The discrimination factors between the perfect-match target and single-base mismatched target are determined to be 10.15–38.48. The method is sequence independent, which assures a wide range of application. The new method would be an ideal choice for high-throughput in vitro diagnosis and precise clinical treatment.

Endonuclease G参与小鼠海马神经元的凋亡

目的 :研究Endonuclease (EndoG)是否参与由兴奋性氨基酸所诱导的神经细胞凋亡 .方法 :用Westernblotting法检测EndoG+ - 小鼠及EndoG+ + 小鼠海马结构中EndoG的表达 .用KA诱导抽搐反应及神经细胞凋亡 .用TUNEL法分析En doG+ - 小鼠及EndoG+ + 小鼠海马结构中神经细胞凋亡的情况 .结果 :EndoG在EndoG+ - 小鼠海马结构中的表达比在En doG+ + 小鼠中降低 4 0 %以上 .KA作用后 ,EndoG+ - 小鼠与EndoG+ + 小鼠表现出相同的神经兴奋性 .KA作用后 ,与En doG+ + 相比 ,EndoG+ - 小鼠海马结构CA3,CA1亚区细胞凋亡下降了约 35 % .结论 :EndoG参与了由兴奋性毒性所诱发的神经细胞凋亡 .

Restriction endonucleases digesting DNA in PCR buffer

Six commonly used restriction endonucleases (REs) (Acc I, Ban II, EcoR I, Hind III, Sac I, Sca I) were tested for their ability to directly digest DNA completely in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) buffers. The results showed that: with the requirement for addi- tional magnesium supplemented as activator, REs, except EcoR I appeared star activity, completely digested unmethylated lambda DNA af- ter overnight incubation in PCR buffer and functioned as equally well as in recommended Restriction Enzyme Buffer provided with each enzyme; all REs tested completely digested PCR products in PCR buffer, it implied digestion of PCR products may often be performed di- rectly in the PCR tube without the requirement for any precipitation or purification steps; and the concentration of MgCl2 from 2.5 mmol·L-1 to 10 mmol·L-1 did not significantly affect activity of REs in PCR buffer. This simplified method for RE digestion of PCR prod- ucts could have applications in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and single-stranded conformational polymor- phism (SSCP) analysis of large PCR products. However, usage of this procedure for cloning applications needs further data.

Tea polyphenols increase X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 expression in the hippocampus of rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Recent studies have shown that tea polyphenols can cross the blood-brain barrier, inhibit apoptosis and play a neuroprotective role against cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, tea polyphenols can decrease DNA damage caused by free radicals. We hypothesized that tea polyphenols repair DNA damage and inhibit neuronal apoptosis during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. To test this hypothesis, we employed a rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of tea polyphenols immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region; this effect started 6 hours following reperfusion. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tea polyphenols could reverse the ischemia/reperfusion-induced reduction in the expression of DNA repair proteins, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 and apudnic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 starting at 2 hours. Both effects lasted at least 72 hours. These experimental findings suggest that tea polyphenols promote DNA damage repair and protect against apoptosis in the brain.

Phylogeny derived from homodimeric endonuclease correlates with its pre-RNA substrates

Amongst endonuclease, the homodimeric variety is found in many prokaryotes for processing of the introns out from pre-RNAs. But as the variety and the complexity of introns rise with evolution, do the homodimeric endonuclease adapt to the changes? The correlations between evolving pre-RNAs and adapting homodimeric endonuclease in lower prokaryotes is investigated in this paper. First, we construct and observe the appearance of a long branch in the phylogeny based on homodimeric endonuclease. To appreciate the finer aspects of accelerating evolution near this long branch, we delve deeper into the pre-RNA substrates of the endonuclease. Computational evidence of an as-yet-unreported noncoding RNA gene then emerges from this study. The capabilities of homodimeric endonuclease and the complexities of its pre-RNA substrates appear to evolve in steps together.

EXPRESSION AND DELETION ANALYSIS OF EcoRII ENDONUCLEASE AND METHYLASE GENE

Objective. To clone complete EcoRII restriction endonuclease gene (ecoRIIR) and methyltransferase gene (ecoRIIM) in one vector and to analyze the coordinating expression of this whole R M system.Methods. Unidirectional deletion subclones were constructed with ExoIII.ecoRIIR/M genes were preliminarily located in the cloned fragment according to the enzyme activities of subclones. Exact deletion sites were determined by sequencing, and transcriptional start sites were determined by S1 mapping. Results. The DNA fragment which was cloned into pBluescript SK+contained intact ecoRIIR gene andecoRIIM gene, and two transcriptional start sites of ecoRIIR gene were determined. 132bp to 458bp from 3’end of ecoRIIR gene are indispensable to enzyme activities and deletion of 202bp from 3’end of ecoRIIM gene made enzyme lose the capability in DNA protection to resist specific cut with EcoRII endonuclease (EcoRII.R). Deletion of the coding and flanking sequences of one gene did not affect the expression of the other gene, and the recombinants only containing ecoRIIR gene appeared to be lethal to dcm+host. Conclusion. ecoRIIM gene linking closely to ecoRIIR gene is very important for the existence of the R M system in process of evolution, but the key tocontrol EcoRII R M order may not exist in transcriptional level .

Sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and endonuclease Ⅳ-assisted exponential signal amplification

Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is widely expressed in human tissues.ALP plays an important role in the dephosphorylation of proteins and nucleic acids.Therefore,quantitative analysis of ALP plays a vital role in disease diagnosis and the development of biological detection methods.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)catalyzes continuous polymerization of deoxynucleotide triphosphates at the 30-OH end of single-stranded DNA in the absence of a template.In this study,we developed a highly sensitive and selective method based on TdT and endonuclease Ⅳ(Endo Ⅳ)to quantify ALP activity.After ALP hydrolyzes the 30-PO_(4) end of the substrate and generates 30-OH,TdT can effectively elongate the 30-OH end with deoxynucleotide adenine triphosphate(dATP)and produce a poly A tail,which can be detected by the poly T probes.Endo Ⅳ digests the AP site in poly T probes to generate a fluorescent signal and a new 30-OH end,leading to the generation of exponential fluorescence signal amplification.The substrate for TdT elongation was optimized,and a limit of detection of 4.3×10^(-3) U/L was achieved for ALP by the optimized substrate structure.This method can also detect ALP in the cell lysate of a single cell.This work has potential applications in disease diagnosis and biomedical detection.

Staurosporine-Induced Cell Death in Trypanosoma brucei and the Role of Endonuclease G during Apoptosis

Apoptosis in single-cell organisms like Trypanosoma or Leishmania was characterized in several studies in the last few years [1]-[4]. Cell death in these caspase lacking protozoa is still poorly understood and a conclusive apoptotic pathway has not been identified so far. In the work presented here, we studied the effects of prostaglandin D2 and staurosporine induced cell death in blood-forms of Trypanosoma brucei in a time dependent manner and focused on the role of a nuclease similar to endonuclease G of higher eukaryotes. We found that these parasites undergo apoptotic cell death as demonstrated by the appearance of several canonical hallmarks of apoptosis in higher eukaryotes, but that different stimuli induce remarkable differences in the way these cells die. We compared the effects of prostaglandin D2 and staurosporine in trypanosomes with and without endonuclease G overexpression by flow cytometric and electron microscopic methods with the result that endonuclease G overexpression led to a significant modification of intracellular organelles and accelerated apoptotic cell death in prostaglandin D2 or staurosporine treated cells. Our results demonstrate that different stimuli induce apoptosis even in these ancient organisms in different caspase-independent ways. Whereas central processes of apoptosis like ROS formation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, endonuclease G release, phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation appeared in the same chronology during treatment with either one of both drugs, other effects like cell cycle arrest or change of cell shape occurred only in the case of prostaglandin D2 or staurosporine treatment. We conclude from these results that trypanosomes react to stimuli of apoptosis with the concerted action of cellular responses but cannot control the final outcome if additional stress, as in the case of staurosporine, is superimposed.

Polymorphism in Mitochondrial DNA of Six Fowl Breeds Revealed by Restriction Endonuclease

The patterns of cleavage of mtDNA by restriction endonucleases was analysed for six fowl breeds and of. Hyline White, Hyline Brown, ISA Brown, Hisex Brown, Lohmann White, Abor Acres and mtDNA polymorphisms were detected in the restriction patterns with the following eight enzymes, Ava Ⅰ, Ava Ⅱ, EcoR Ⅰ, Hind Ⅲ, Bam HI, Pvu Ⅱ, Pst Ⅰ, Hinc Ⅱ. The restriction cleavage patterns were identical among these breeds. Hyline White, Hyline Brown, ISA Brown, Hisex Brown, Lohmann White—A type. The patterns of Abor Acres were B type. Based on their mtDNA restriction types, all the breeds were classified into two groups. Genetic distances among these groups were calculated in order to define their phylogenetic relationships. The relationship among five egg line breeds is close, while Abor Acres (Broiler fowl) is relatively far from them. The results suggest that the difference of mtDNA could result from the different origins. The polymorphic sites in mtDNA of Hyline White has been located on a restriction map.

IS200/IS605转座子家族编码的核酸酶OgeuIscB基因编辑体系的优化

目的提升来源于IS200/IS605转座子家族的RNA引导的核酸内切酶OgeuIscB的基因编辑效率。方法利用OgeuIscB蛋白已解析的晶体结构,计算氨基酸与核酸之间的原子距离,将距离小于10的非正电荷氨基酸残基突变为精氨酸(arginine,R)以提高OgeuIscB与核酸的亲和力,通过人胚肾293T细胞内源性位点验证不同突变体的基因编辑效率。结果经过两轮迭代突变,发现Q376R-S456R和A401R-S456R这2个双突变体在不同细胞系的多个内源性位点上均能显著提升OgeuIscB的基因编辑效率。结论基于结构对OgeuIscB蛋白进行理性蛋白质工程化改造,能够提升OgeuIscB核酸内切酶活性,为将其作为一种有效的基因编辑工具提供了实验依据。

猪圆环病毒3型Rep蛋白的原核表达及酶活性分析

Rep蛋白对猪圆环病毒(porcine circovirus, PCV)的复制具有重要作用。为分析PCV3 Rep蛋白的核酸内切酶活性、ATPase活性和解旋酶活性,作者使用镍亲和层析法纯化相应的重组蛋白,通过优化反应条件,建立Rep蛋白酶活性的测定方法,并探究Rep蛋白关键活性位点。结果表明,Rep蛋白在体外具有核酸内切酶活性、ATPase活性和解旋酶活性。当蛋白浓度为1.6μmol·L^(-1),Mg^(2+)浓度为1.0 mmol·L^(-1),37℃反应75 min时其ATPase活性达到最佳。当蛋白浓度为7μmol·L^(-1),Mg^(2+)浓度为12.5 mmol·L^(-1),37℃反应60 min时其解旋酶活性达到最佳。Y89为Rep蛋白核酸内切酶活性的关键位点,K173、D210、N250为ATPase活性和解旋酶活性的关键位点。本研究建立了PCV3 Rep蛋白酶活性分析的方法,初步揭示了该蛋白的主要功能位点,为Rep蛋白的功能研究以及基于Rep蛋白活性的抗病毒药物研究奠定了基础。

血清脱嘌呤脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1自身抗体、生长分化因子15水平对结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的预测价值

目的分析血清脱嘌呤脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1自身抗体(APE1-AAbs)、生长分化因子15(GDF-15)水平及对结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的预测价值。方法选取52例结直肠癌患者为观察组,并根据预后情况分为术后复发转移组(n=15)和术后未复发转移组(n=37)。选取同期正常体检健康者52例为对照组。检测APE1-AAbs、GDF-15水平。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析APE1-AAbs、GDF-15与结直肠癌术后复发转移的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析APE1-AAbs、GDF-15对结直肠癌术后复发转移的预测价值。结果观察组的APE1-AAbs、GDF-15水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后复发转移组的APE1-AAbs、GDF-15水平高于术后未复发转移组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。APE1-AAbs、GDF-15水平与结直肠癌术后复发转移呈正相关(P<0.05)。APE1-AAbs、GDF-15联合预测结直肠癌术后复发转移的价值高于APE1-AAbs、GDF-15单独预测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论APE1-AAbs、GDF-15在结直肠癌患者血清中呈高表达。APE1-AAbs、GDF-15或可作为结直肠癌术后复发转移的标志物。

小鼠SGK3真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建含有小鼠血清和糖皮质激素诱导蛋白激酶3(serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3,SGK3)基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-MYC-SGK3-mCherry,并观察和验证其在转染细胞HEK293中的表达。方法通过聚合酶链式反应将实验室保存的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-MYC-SGK3中目的基因SGK3与mCherry融合并扩增出来,然后定向克隆至pcDNA3.1-MYC质粒中,经限制性内切酶消化和测序证实后,通过脂质体法转染HEK293细胞,Western blotting法检测目的基因的蛋白表达情况。结果测序结果与之前预期结果相符,证实pcDNA3.1-MYC-SGK3-mCherry真核表达载体构建成功。Western blotting结果显示,转染pcDNA3.1-MYC-SGK3-mCherry的HEK293细胞出现清晰的阳性反应条带,说明目的片段成功表达。结论pcDNA3.1-MYC-SGK3-mCherry真核表达载体构建成功。

猪流行性腹泻病毒非结构蛋白NSP15抑制细胞焦亡的分子机制研究

为探究猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)及其NSP15蛋白对细胞焦亡的影响及初步的分子作用机制,本研究将表达pGSDMD-p30的质粒转染猪小肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2细胞),24 h后将PEDV感染该细胞,于感染后12 h和24 h分别收集细胞上清液和细胞,采用LDH试剂盒测定各时间点细胞上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放比例;采用qPCR检测细胞中GSDMD mRNA的转录水平。结果显示,各时间点,转染表达pGSDMD-p30质粒的IPEC-J2细胞中LDH的释放比例均极显著升高,表明细胞发生焦亡,且与转染p GSDMD-p30质粒的细胞相比,PEDV感染的细胞中LDH的释放比例及GSDMD mRNA的转录水平均极显著降低。将表达pGSDMD-p30的质粒分别与不同剂量的PEDV-NSP15质粒共转染HEK293T细胞(pGSDMD-p30+NSP15组);将表达Caspase-1、pGSDMD和表达NSP15的质粒分别共转染HEK293T和IPEC-J2细胞(Caspase-1+pGSDMD+NSP15组)。上述细胞于24 h后均测定各组细胞上清液中LDH的释放比例。结果显示,与pGSDMD-p30组(共转染表达pGSDMD-p30与空载体的细胞)相比,pGSDMD-p30+NSP15组HEK293T细胞及IPEC-J2细胞中LDH的释放比例均显著降低;与Caspase-1+pGSDMD对照组细胞相比,Caspase-1+pGSDMD+NSP15组细胞中LDH的释放比例极显著降低。上述结果表明,NSP15在不同细胞中均可以抑制GSDMD-p30及GSDMD+Caspase-1两种方式引起的细胞焦亡,提示PEDV可能通过NSP15抑制细胞的焦亡。将自噬抑制剂3-MA和蛋白酶体途径抑制剂MG132分别加入不同剂量的NSP15质粒与MYC-pGSDMD质粒共转染的HEK293T细胞中,6 h后采用western blot检测细胞中GSDMD的表达水平;将上述质粒共转染HEK293T细胞,24 h后通过qPCR检测细胞中GSDMD mRNA的转录水平。结果显示,随着NSP15转染剂量的增加,细胞中GSDMD的表达水平逐渐减少,加入3-MA和MG132并不影响GSDMD的表达水平;相比于共转染空载体和NSP15质粒的对照组,MYC-pGSDMD+NSP15组细胞中GSDMD mRNA的转录水平极显著降低。上述结果表明,PEDV NSP15降解GSDMD的过程不是通过自噬和蛋白酶体途径实现的。将4个核酸内切酶活性位点突变的NSP15质粒分别与pGSDMD-p30或pGSDMD质粒共转染HEK293T细胞,24 h后采用LDH试剂盒测定各组细胞上清中LDH的释放比例;采用western blot检测各组细胞中GSDMD的表达水平。结果显示,与p30组相比,H^(226)、H^(241)和K^(282)突变组细胞上清中LDH的释放比例均无显著变化,而D^(265)突变组细胞上清中LDH的释放比例极显著降低;H^(226)、H^(241)和K^(282)突变组细胞中GSDMD的表达水平与阴性对照组细胞中GSDMD的表达水平相当,而D^(265)突变组细胞中GSDMD的表达水平明显减少。上述结果表明,PEDV通过其NSP15蛋白抑制各种细胞的细胞焦亡,且本研究首次证明该蛋白通过其核酸内切酶活性位点H^(226)、H^(241)和K^(282)降解GSDMD并抑制细胞焦亡,为PED的治疗和开发抗PED的药物提供参考。

减数分裂内切酶1高表达对肝细胞癌预后的影响

目的探讨减数分裂内切酶1(EME1)的高表达对肝细胞癌(HCC)预后的临床意义。方法利用癌症和肿瘤基因图谱(TCGA)数据库及高通量基因表达(GEO)数据库,对HCC肿瘤与非肿瘤组织差异表达基因进行筛选并进行生存分析。回顾性收集2010年1月-2014年12月于解放军总医院第五医学中心行肝癌切除术的80例患者的病理组织样本,采用免疫组织化学法检测EME1的表达情况,进行生存分析,评估EME1对肝癌患者术后5年生存率的影响;采用基因富集分析预测EME1在HCC中的功能。结果TCGA数据库筛选出371例HCC癌组织及50例非肿瘤组织样本,分析显示EME1 mRNA在HCC癌组织中明显高表达。筛选GEO数据库中的107例样本(包括70例HCC癌组织,37例非肿瘤组织),癌组织的EME1 mRNA表达量明显高于非肿瘤组织(P<0.05)。生存分析显示EME1高表达组术后5年总体生存率明显低于低表达组(44.1%vs.53.0%,P<0.05)。免疫组化结果半定量分析显示,EME1高表达组的总体生存率明显低于低表达组(32.8%vs.45.0%,P<0.05),多因素COX分析显示,EME1高表达[风险比(HR)=2.234,95%CI 1.073~4.649,P=0.032]和中国肝癌分期(CNLC)高分期(HR=4.317,95%CI 1.799~10.359,P=0.001)是影响HCC患者术后5年生存率的独立危险因素。结论EME1在HCC组织中高表达,并与HCC患者的不良预后相关,可作为HCC治疗的潜在靶点。