Noninvasive Ventilation Interfaces in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Insufficiency: A Critical Review

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this review, we critically analyze randomized controlled trials on the most used NIV interfaces in the treatments of ARF. Methods: The searches were conducted in the Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, and Pedro databases from June to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2016 to 2021 in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and involving adults (aged ≥ 18 years). The eligibility criteria for article selection were based on the PICO strategy: Population—Adults with ARF;Intervention—NIV Therapy;Comparison—Conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, or NIV;Outcome—improvement in ARF. The search for articles and the implementation of the inclusion criteria were independently conducted by two researchers. Results: Seven scientific articles involving 574 adults with ARF due to various causes, such as chest trauma, decompensated heart failure, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and postoperative period, among others, were included. The interfaces cited in the studies included an oronasal mask, nasal mask, full-face mask, and helmet. In addition, some favorable outcomes related to NIV were reported in the studies, such as a reduction in the rate of orotracheal intubation and shorter length of stay in the ICU. Conclusions: The most cited interfaces in the treatment of ARF were the oronasal mask and the helmet.

Analysis of the Effect of Extracorporeal Diaphragmatic Pacing Combined with Noninvasive Ventilator on the Respiratory Function and Prognosis of COPD Patients

Objective: To investigate the effect of extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing combined with noninvasive ventilators on the respiratory function and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods: A total of 50 COPD patients were selected between January 2023 to December 2023 and randomly grouped into an observation group and a control group, with 25 cases. The observation group was given extracorporeal diaphragm pacing combined with a noninvasive ventilator, while the control group was given a conventional treatment mode. After the treatment, the results of each index in the two groups were compared. Results: Compared with the diaphragm function indexes of the two groups, the data of the observation group were more dominant (P < 0.05). The rehospitalization rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The COPD assessment test (CAT) and mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnoea scale scores after treatment between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the lung function indexes of the observation group were more dominant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Extracorporeal diaphragmatic pacing combined with a noninvasive ventilator promoted the improvement of the patient’s prognosis and improved their respiratory function.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation for preventing extubation failure during weaning from mechanical ventilation assessed by lung ultrasound score: A single-center randomized study

BACKGROUND: We sought to demonstrate the superiority of a targeted therapy strategy involving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen(HFNCO_(2)) therapy and noninvasive ventilation(NIV) using lung ultrasound score(LUS) in comparison with standard care among patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) who undergo successful weaning to decrease the incidence of extubation failure at both 48 hours and seven days.METHODS: During the study period, 98 patients were enrolled in the study, including 49 in the control group and 49 in the treatment group. Patients in the control group and patients with an LUS score <14 points(at low risk of extubation failure) in the treatment group were extubated and received standard preventive care without NIV or HFNCO_(2). Patients with an LUS score ≥14 points(at high risk of extubation failure) in the treatment group were extubated with a second review of the therapeutic optimization to identify and address any persisting risk factors for postextubation respiratory distress;patients received HFNCO2 therapy combined with sessions of preventive NIV(4-8 hours per day for 4-8 sessions total) for the first 48 hours after extubation.RESULTS: In the control group, 13 patients had the LUS scores ≥14 points, while 36 patients had scores <14 points. In the treatment group, 16 patients had the LUS scores ≥14 points, while 33 patients had scores <14 points. Among patients with the LUS score ≥14 points, the extubation failure rate within 48 hours was 30.8% in the control group and 12.5% in the treatment group, constituting a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conversely, among patients with an LUS score <14 points, 13.9% in the control group and 9.1% in the treatment group experienced extubation failure(P=0.61). The length of ICU stay(9.4±3.1 days vs. 7.2±2.4 days) was significantly different and the re-intubation rate(at 48 hours: 18.4% vs. 10.2%;seven days: 22.4% vs. 12.2%) significantly varied between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality rate(6.1% vs. 8.2%) between the control and treatment groups.CONCLUSIONS: Among high-risk adults being weaned from mechanical ventilation and assessed by LUS, the NIV+HFNCO_(2) protocol does not lessen the mortality rate but reduce the length of ICU stay, the rate of extubation failure at both 48 hours and seven days.

Noninvasive ventilation in trauma

Trauma patients are a diverse population with heterogeneous needs for ventilatory support. This requirement depends mainly on the severity of their ventilatory dysfunction, degree of deterioration in gaseous exchange, any associated injuries, and the individual feasibility of potentially using a noninvasive ventilation approach. Noninvasive ventilation may reduce the need to intubate patients with traumarelated hypoxemia. It is well-known that these patientsare at increased risk to develop hypoxemic respiratory failure which may or may not be associated with hypercapnia. Hypoxemia in these patients is due to ventilation perfusion mismatching and right to left shunt because of lung contusion, atelectasis, an inability to clear secretions as well as pneumothorax and/or hemothorax, all of which are common in trauma patients. Noninvasive ventilation has been tried in these patients in order to avoid the complications related to endotracheal intubation, mainly ventilator-associated pneumonia. The potential usefulness of noninvasive ventilation in the ventilatory management of trauma patients, though reported in various studies, has not been sufficiently investigated on a large scale. According to the British Thoracic Society guidelines, the indications and efficacy of noninvasive ventilation treatment in respiratory distress induced by trauma have thus far been inconsistent and merely received a low grade recommendation. In this review paper, we analyse and compare the results of various studies in which noninvasive ventilation was applied and discuss the role and efficacy of this ventilator modality in trauma.

Helmet-based noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case report

BACKGROUND Noninvasive ventilation(NIV)reduces intubation rates,mortalities,and lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stays in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Helmet-based NIV is better tolerated than oronasal mask-based ventilation,and thus,allows NIV to be conducted for prolonged periods at higher pressures with minimal air leaks.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of COPD stage 4 was admitted to our medical intensive care unit with chief complaints of cough,sputum,and dyspnea of several days’duration.For 10 mo,he had been on oxygen at home by day and had used an oronasal mask-based NIV at night.At intensive care unit admission,he breathed using respiratory accessory muscles.Hypercapnia and signs of infection were detected,and infiltration was observed in the right lower lung field by chest radiography.Thus,we diagnosed AECOPD by communityacquired pneumonia.After admission,respiratory distress steadily deteriorated and invasive mechanical ventilation became necessary.However,the patient refused this option,and thus,we selected helmet-based NIV as a salvage treatment.After 3 d of helmet-based NIV,his consciousness level and hypercapnia recovered to his pre-hospitalization level.CONCLUSION Helmet-based NIV could be considered as a salvage treatment when AECOPD patients refuse invasive mechanical ventilation and oronasal mask-based NIV is ineffective.

Noninvasive ventilation in cancer children with acute respiratory failure

Objective: To establish the effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation in cancer children with acute respiratory failure. <br> Methods: The data of 33 cancer patients were obtained prospectively from six different pediatric intensive care units in Turkey between the years of 2012 and 2013. <br> Results: The diagnosis was leukemias in 25 (75.8%), lymphomas in 3 (9.1%) and other solid tumors in 5 (15.1%) patients. Pneumonia in 12 (36.3%) and sepsis in 15 (45.4%) patients were seen as the common reasons of respiratory failure. The mean PaO2/FiO2 ratios were (164.22 ± 37.24) and (126.80 ± 42.73) in noninvasive ventilation success and failure group, respectively. Noninvasive ventilation was successful in 18 (54.5%) patients. The failure group consisted of 15 patients required intubation. A total of 14 (42.4%) patients died. The clinical outcome in terms of success and failure was meaningful statistically (P = 0.0 00 1). <br> Conclusions: Our results could encourage the use of noninvasive ventilation in children with cancer who develop acute respiratory failure. It should be considered as a useful therapeutic approach to avoid endotracheal intubation.

Sleep Quality for Patients Receiving Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in an ICU: Two Case Studies

Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.

Application of fiberoptic bronchscopy in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND:Early withdrawal of invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV) followed by noninvasive MV(NIMV) is a new strategy for changing modes of treatment in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) with acute respiratory failure(ARF).Using pulmonary infection control window(PIC window) as the switch point for transferring from invasive to noninvasive MV,the time for early extubation can be more accurately judged,and therapy efficacy can be improved.This study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical effectiveness of fiberoptic bronchscopy(FOB) in patients with AECOPD during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive MV.METHODS:Since July 2006 to January 2011,106 AECOPD patients with ARF were treated with comprehensive medication and IMV after hospitalization.Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to whether fiberoptic bronchoscope is used(group A,n=54) or not(group B,n=52) during sequential weaning from invasive to noninvasive MV.In group A,for sputum suction and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL),a fiberoptic bronchoscope was put into the airway from the outside of an endotracheal tube,which was accompanied with uninterrupted use of a ventilator.After achieving PIC window,patients of both groups changed to NIMV mode,and weaned from ventilation.The following listed indices were used to compare between the groups after treatment:1) the occurrence time of PIC,the duration of MV,the length of ICU stay,the success rate of weaning from MV for the first time,the rate of reventilatJon and the occurrence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP);2) the convenience and safety of FOB manipulation.The results were compared using Student's f test and the Chi-square test.RESULTS:The occurrence time of PIC was(5.01 ±1.49) d,(5.87±1.87) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05);the duration of MV was(6.98±1.84) d,(8.69±2.41) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the length of ICU stay was(9.25±1.84) d,(11.10±2.63) d in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the success rate of weaning for the first time was 96.30%,76.92%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01);the rate of reventilation was 5.56%,19.23%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.05);and the occurrence rate of VAP was 3.70%,23.07%in groups A and B,respectively(P<0.01).Moreover,it was easy and safe to manipulate FOB,and no side effect was observed.CONCLUSIONS:The application of FOB in patients with AECOPD during sequential weaning of invasive-noninvasive MV is effective in ICU.It can decrease the duration of MV and the length of ICU stay,increase the success rate from weaning MV for the first time,reduce the rate of reventilation and the occurrence rate of VAP.In addition,such a method is convenient and safe in patients of this kind.

Effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure

Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.

Impact of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:80 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on whether the NIPPV treatment was given or not,38 cases in the study group and 42 in the control group.The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were monitored and recorded before and 14 days after treatment.A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed 14 days after therapy.The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21(RPS21)and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR.Results:After 14 days treatment,the levels of PaCO_(2),PaO_(2),PH and FEV_(1)% in the NIPPV group improved much better than in the control group(p<.05).The gene expression of RPS21 and ubiquitin was obviously lower in the study group than in the control group(p<.05).The level of RPS21 was negatively related with PaO_(2),PH and FEV1%,and the level of ubiquitin was negatively related with PaO_(2) and FEV1%,but positively correlated with PaCO_(2).The area under the ROC curves of RPS21,ubiquitin,PaCO_(2) and FEV_(1)% were 0.771,0.885,0.821 and 0.734 respectively in the study group.The cut-off points were 103.978,8.128,45.350 and 51.350 respectively.The sensitivity evaluation of acid poisoning was 90.9%,and the specificities for each were 75%,75%,50% and 50%.Conclusions:NIPPV is effective for AECOPD patients through the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation in acute pediatric respiratory failure

AIM To characterize the clinical course and outcomes of nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation(NIMV) use in acute pediatric respiratory failure.METHODS We identified all patients treated with NIMV in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) or inpatient general pediatrics between January 2013 and December 2015 at two academic centers.Patients who utilized NIMV with other modes of noninvasive ventilation during the same admission were included.Data included demographics,vital signs on admission and prior to initiation of NIMV,pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ(PRIsM-Ⅲ) scores,complications,respiratory support characteristics,PICU and hospital length of stays,duration of respiratory support,and complications.Patients who did not require escalation to mechanical ventilation were defined as NIMV responders;those who required escalation to mechanical ventilation(MV) were defined as NIMV nonresponders.NIMV responders were compared to NIMV non-responders.RESULTS Forty-two patients met study criteria.six(14%) failed treatment and required MV.The majority of the patients(74%) had a primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis.The median age of these 42 patients was 4 mo(range 0.5-28.1 mo,IQR 7,P = 0.69).No significant difference was measured in other baseline demographics and vitals on initiation of NIMV;these included age,temperature,respiratory rate,O2 saturation,heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and PRIsM-Ⅲ scores.The duration of NIMV was shorter in the NIMV nonresponder vs NIMV responder group(6.5 h vs 65 h,P < 0.0005).Otherwise,NIMV failure was not associated with significant differences in PICU length of stay(LOs),hospital LOs,or total duration of respiratory support.No patients had aspiration pneumonia,pneumothorax,or skin breakdown.CONCLUSION Most of our patients responded to NIMV.NIMV failure is not associated with differences in hospital LOs,PICU LOs,or duration of respiratory support.

Importance of proper ventilator support and pulmonary rehabilitation in obese patients with heart failure:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The optimal treatment for heart failure(HF)is a combination of appropriate medications.Controlling the disease using only medical therapy is difficult in patients with HF,severe hypercapnia,and desaturation.These patients should first receive ventilator support followed by pulmonary rehabilitation(PR).CASE SUMMARY We report two cases in which arterial blood gas(ABG)improved and PR was possible with appropriate ventilator support.Two patients with extreme obesity complaining of worsening dyspnea–a 47-year-old woman and a 36-year-old man both diagnosed with HF–were hospitalized because of severe hypercapnia and hypoxia.Despite proper medical treatment,hypercapnia and desaturation resolved in neither case,and both patients were transferred to the rehabilitation department for PR.At the time of the first consultation,the patients were bedridden because of dyspnea.Oxygen demand was successfully reduced once noninvasive ventilation was initiated.As the patients’dyspnea gradually improved to the point where they could be weaned off the ventilator during the daytime,they started engaging in functional training and aerobic exercise.After 4 mo of followup,both patients were able to perform activities of daily living and maintain their lower body weight and normalized ABG levels.CONCLUSION Symptoms of patients with obesity and HF may improve once ABG levels are normalized through ventilator support and implementation of PR.

无创通气间歇期经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重临床效果及对患者气管插管率、血气指标的影响

目的:分析无创通气(NIV)间歇期经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)临床效果及对气管插管率、血气指标的影响。方法:回顾性收治的105例AECOPD患者资料,将患者分为对照组52例[接受无创通气(NIV)治疗与常规氧疗]和观察组53例(接受NIV联合HFNC治疗),比较两组患者临床指标、血气指标、治疗失败原因及不良反应。结果:观察组呼吸支持时间、NIV间歇歇息次数、NIV每日平均使用时间、ICU住院时间均短(小)于对照组(均P<0.05),两组气管插管率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))比治疗前明显升高,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))比治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),但两组治疗后PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组患者呼吸困难加重率、治疗不耐受率均低于对照组(均P<0.05),两组CO_(2)潴留加重率、低氧血症加重率比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:NIV间歇期给予HFNC治疗AECOPD患者对气管插管率及血气指标的影响与常规氧疗差异不显著,但可改善患者其他临床指标,减少治疗失败情况及不良反应。

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的应用价值

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的疗效及适用条件。方法回顾性分析中山市小榄人民医院呼吸内科2021年1月~2022年12月收治并好转出院的60例AECOPD患者的临床资料,所有患者均在抗感染、止咳化痰、平喘等治疗的基础上,给予呼吸支持治疗。按照呼吸支持治疗方式不同分为HFNC组(30例)与无创正压通气(NPPV)组(30例)。比较两组患者生命体征(心率、呼吸)、血气分析[氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)FiO_(2))]情况。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,分析HFNC组患者血气分析指标的变化情况。结果治疗前,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HFNC组治疗前后心率、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(85.47±13.21)次min vs.(97.67±22.62)次min、(95.92±27.33)mmHg vs.(80.3±19.02)mmHg、(321.23±78.73)mmHg vs.(278.40±67.21)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NPPV组治疗前后心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(90.33±12.02)次min vs.(105.70±22.03)次min、(20.67±0.76)次min vs.(24.93±2.45)次min、(91.54±34.81)mmHg vs.(70.86±24.03)mmHg、(311.03±113.14)mmHg vs.(240.53±86.28)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,与治疗前比较,HFNC组患者年龄≥71岁、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg之间的患者治疗后PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC及NPPV均可改善AECOPD患者的氧合功能,效果相当,可作为NPPV的备选方案。HFNC尤其适用于年龄71岁及以上、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg的人群。

常规急救方案联合灯盏生脉饮治疗急性心力衰竭合并糖尿病患者的疗效及对血气指标、心功能和糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨常规急救方案联合灯盏生脉饮治疗急性心力衰竭(AHF)合并糖尿病患者的疗效及对血气指标、心功能和糖脂代谢的影响。方法回顾性选取2021年9月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院收治的AHF合并糖尿病患者80例作为研究对象,按治疗方法不同将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组各40例。对照组患者采取常规急救方案,如无创呼吸机、硝普钠、多巴胺治疗等,观察组患者在对照组基础上给予灯盏生脉饮治疗,两组均治疗20 d。比较两组患者急救效果,并比较两组患者的治疗前、治疗后1 d的血气指标[动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))]、氨基末端脑钠素前体(NT-proBNP)水平、心功能[左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、每搏心输出量(SV)]、糖脂代谢[糖化血红蛋白(GHb)、空腹血糖(FPG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]水平及不良反应。结果观察组患者急救总有效率为92.50%,显著高于对照组(77.50%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后1 d的PaO_(2)为(75.23±7.98)mmHg,显著高于对照组[(61.23±7.31)mmHg],PaCO_(2)、NT-proBNP水平分别为(37.38±6.89)mmHg、(529.63±189.74)pg/mL,均显著低于对照组[(46.13±7.07)mmHg、(695.45±263.32)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后1 d的LVESV、LVEDV、SV分别为(109.71±9.65)、(173.48±18.72)、(79.77±9.32)mL,均低于对照组[(130.45±13.53)、(210.75±21.34)、(89.34±9.02)mL],LVEF为(54.38±6.04)%,显著高于对照组[(45.23±5.49)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组FPG、GHb、LDL-C水平分别为(6.04±1.01)mmol/L、(6.03±0.94)%、(1.82±0.59)mmol/L,均显著低于对照组[(7.69±1.01)mmol/L、(7.68±0.51)%、(2.82±0.62)mmol/L],HDL-C水平为(3.24±0.21)mmol/L,显著高于对照组[(2.28±0.20)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组与观察组治疗期间不良反应发生率比较(7.50%vs.10.0%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论常规急救方案联合灯盏生脉饮治疗AHF合并糖尿病患者急救效果显著,可更好地改善患者血气指标及心功能,调节患者糖脂代谢指标水平,且具有一定安全性。

成人心脏术后高危患者撤机后使用高流量吸氧及无创通气的临床预后疗效研究

目的探讨成人心脏术后高危患者撤机后使用高流量吸氧及无创通气的临床预后疗效。方法选取2020年6月—2022年6月贵州省人民医院收治的86例接受心脏外科手术后的患者作为研究对象。按照干预方式差异分为常规组和联合组,每组43例。常规组患者给予高流量氧疗技术,联合组给予高流量氧疗技术联合无创呼吸机辅助通气治疗。比较两组干预治疗前后血气指标、再插管率、呼吸衰竭发生率和呼吸困难评分。结果治疗后,联合组的动脉血氧分压、血氧饱和度、氧合指数、pH值高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。联合组在拔管后48 h、72 h、7 d的再插管率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。联合组的呼吸衰竭率(4.65%)低于常规组(20.93%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.108,P<0.05)。治疗24、48 h后,联合组的呼吸困难评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论成人心脏术后高危患者撤机后使用高流量氧疗技术与无创式呼吸机相结合干预效果显著,可有效改善患者呼吸困难症状和血气指标,可减少患者再插管和呼吸衰竭发生,有助于患者早日康复。

不同无创通气法治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果比较

目的比较无创高频振荡通气(NHFOV)、经鼻间歇正压通气(NIPPV)疗法、经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月贵港市人民医院收治的150例RDS早产儿,采用抽签法分为三组,每组各50例,分别给予NHFOV、NIPPV、NCPAP。比较三组呼吸情况与用氧情况、撤机成功率、血气指标、并发症发生情况。结果三组的无创呼吸时间、总用氧时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NHFOV组的撤机成功率较高(P<0.05)。治疗前,三组血气指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,三组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(P/F)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),NHFOV组的PaCO_(2)低于NIPPV组和NCPAP组,PaO_(2)、P/F高于NIPPV组和NCPAP组(P<0.05);三组pH值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与NIPPV、NCPAP相比,NHFOV可提升RDS早产儿撤机成功率,促进血气指标恢复。

经鼻高流量氧疗对比无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值

目的研究经鼻高流量氧疗(high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)对比无创正压通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NPPV)在急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure,AHF)伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果。方法选择2022年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科收治的94例AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为观察组48例和对照组46例。两组患者均给予常规扩血管、利尿等治疗,对照组给予NPPV治疗,观察组给予HFNC治疗,分别比较两组患者治疗前、治疗24 h后的呼吸频率、心率、血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))和动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))的变化情况及2组比较的区别,应用调查问卷评估两组患者治疗舒适度的区别。随访28 d,分别比较两组患者治疗后误吸、胃胀气等并发症发生率、气管插管率及病死率。结果观察组与对照组治疗后的呼吸频率、心率和NT-proBNP较前明显降低(P均<0.05),PaO_(2)较前升高(P均<0.05),PaCO_(2)较前升高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围内;观察组治疗后呼吸频率是(23.77±2.36)次/min、心率为(89.17±5.80)次/min、NT-proBNP为[13631.00(9997.25,16328.00)]pg/ml、PaO_(2)为(66.87±2.78)mmHg和PaCO_(2)为(37.06±2.56)mmHg,与对照组的(23.33±2.81)次/min、(87.69±5.02)次/min、[12517.00(9836.75,17742.00)]pg/ml、(67.74±2.67)mmHg和(37.07±1.93)mm Hg比较无统计学差别(均P>0.05);调查问卷显示,观察组舒适度评分大于对照组[(3.35±0.69)分比(2.76±0.77)分,P=0.001],并发症发生率小于对照组(10.41%比28.26%,P=0.028),两组患者气管插管率(12.50%比10.86%)和病死率(10.41%比8.69%)比较无统计学差别(P>0.05)。结论HFNC和NPPV在AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中应用均具有较好的治疗效果,但HFNC并发症较较少,患者舒适程度更高。

基于呼吸治疗本科教育的睡眠技师培养路径的初步探索与实践

大多数睡眠障碍的诊断依靠高质量的睡眠监测,需要成熟的睡眠技师执行。我国没有完善的睡眠技师培养体系与认证体系。同时,睡眠呼吸暂停是最常见的睡眠障碍,其主要采用正压通气治疗,需要长期随访。呼吸治疗本科项目旨在培养对心肺功能不全患者进行有效地监测、评估、治疗和康复的专业人才。睡眠监测技术是呼吸治疗学的亚专业方向之一,在本科教育中就有涉及。本文对基于呼吸治疗本科教育培养的睡眠技师对比临床医学、护理学和睡眠技师教育等背景的人才,在节省教育资源、对睡眠呼吸暂停的管理中的优势进行分析,对国内呼吸治疗本科毕业生在从事睡眠技师的经验进行总结和职业展望,以期为睡眠医学的多学科发展及其人才支撑提供思路。

有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的效果

目的:分析有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的效果。方法:选取2021年10月—2023年3月江门市中心医院收治的重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者66例为研究对象,通过随机编号抽签分为对照组和试验组,各33例。对照组采取有创机械通气治疗,试验组采取有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗。比较两组血气指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、炎性指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、总机械通气时间、首次脱机成功率。结果:脱机后24、48h,试验组PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)水平与脱机前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脱机后24、48h,对照组PaO_(2)水平低于脱机前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脱机后48h,对照组PaCO_(2)水平高于脱机前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脱机后72h,两组IL-6、CRP水平降低,试验组IL-6、CRP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组总机械通气时间短于对照组,首次脱机成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的效果较好,能有效改善患者的血氧状态,减轻炎性反应,缩短机械通气时间,提高脱机成功率。