Noninvasive Ventilation Interfaces in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Insufficiency: A Critical Review

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this review, we critically analyze randomized controlled trials on the most used NIV interfaces in the treatments of ARF. Methods: The searches were conducted in the Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, and Pedro databases from June to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2016 to 2021 in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and involving adults (aged ≥ 18 years). The eligibility criteria for article selection were based on the PICO strategy: Population—Adults with ARF;Intervention—NIV Therapy;Comparison—Conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, or NIV;Outcome—improvement in ARF. The search for articles and the implementation of the inclusion criteria were independently conducted by two researchers. Results: Seven scientific articles involving 574 adults with ARF due to various causes, such as chest trauma, decompensated heart failure, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and postoperative period, among others, were included. The interfaces cited in the studies included an oronasal mask, nasal mask, full-face mask, and helmet. In addition, some favorable outcomes related to NIV were reported in the studies, such as a reduction in the rate of orotracheal intubation and shorter length of stay in the ICU. Conclusions: The most cited interfaces in the treatment of ARF were the oronasal mask and the helmet.

Sleep Quality for Patients Receiving Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in an ICU: Two Case Studies

Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.

Effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure

Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.

Clinical Analysis of Early Application of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure ventilation in the Treatment of COPD with Type II Respiratory Failure

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of early application of bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of COPD with type II respiratory failure.Method:A total of 58 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 29 cases in each group.Among them,the control group was received routine treatment while the observation group was treated with bi-level positive pressure airway ventilation in addition of conventional treatment.The arterial blood gas analysis,mortality rate and hospitalization time of these two groups before and after treatment were compared.Result:The blood pH,partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)of these two groups were significantly higher after the treatment while PaO2 alone was decreased.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of arterial blood gas analysis in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those before treatment.The mortality rate and hospitalization time were significantly less than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early clinical application of bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of COPD with type II respiratory failure has a significant clinical effect in reducing the mortality rate and hospitalization time of patients,and thus it is worthy of clinical application.

Clinical efficacy of mask continuous positive airway pressure mechanical ventilation in children with severe pneumonia

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of the mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mechanical ventilation in children with severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 100 cases of children with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups, study group with 50 children and control group with 50 children. These 100 children were given comprehensive treatment measures: treatment of anti-infection, anti-respiratory failure, anti-heart failure (if necessary), relieving cough and reducing sputum, aerosol inhalation, limited fluid volume, nutrition support etc. Children in the study group were added mask continuous positive airway pressure mechanical ventilation (CPAP). Children in the control group were added ordinary mask oxygen inhalation. Investigated and checked the treatment effect in these two groups. Results: After treatment, SaO2, PaO2 in both two groups were showed significantly higher than before the treatment. PaO2 of the study group is obviously higher than the control group. The oxygen inhalation time of the study group was obviously lesser than the control group. The total effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than the control group which was 96.0% vs 66.0%. Conclusion: The mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mechanical ventilation can significantly improve the related symptoms and blood gas status of the children with severe pneumonia, shorten the oxygen inhalation time and had remarkable effect.

Impact of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the change and relativity of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:80 patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups based on whether the NIPPV treatment was given or not,38 cases in the study group and 42 in the control group.The blood gas analysis and pulmonary function were monitored and recorded before and 14 days after treatment.A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed 14 days after therapy.The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21(RPS21)and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR.Results:After 14 days treatment,the levels of PaCO_(2),PaO_(2),PH and FEV_(1)% in the NIPPV group improved much better than in the control group(p<.05).The gene expression of RPS21 and ubiquitin was obviously lower in the study group than in the control group(p<.05).The level of RPS21 was negatively related with PaO_(2),PH and FEV1%,and the level of ubiquitin was negatively related with PaO_(2) and FEV1%,but positively correlated with PaCO_(2).The area under the ROC curves of RPS21,ubiquitin,PaCO_(2) and FEV_(1)% were 0.771,0.885,0.821 and 0.734 respectively in the study group.The cut-off points were 103.978,8.128,45.350 and 51.350 respectively.The sensitivity evaluation of acid poisoning was 90.9%,and the specificities for each were 75%,75%,50% and 50%.Conclusions:NIPPV is effective for AECOPD patients through the gene expression of ubiquitin system of skeletal muscle.

Bi-level Nasal Positive Airway Pressure(BiPAP)versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure(CPAP)for Preterm Infants with Birth Weight Less Than 1500g and Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following INSURE Treatment:A Two-center Randomized Controlled Trial

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation Improves Oxygenation in a Patient with Pulmonary Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

The following case describes the favorable application of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in a patient with pulmonary hypertension who developed respiratory failure and abdominal compartment syndrome after abdominal closure from an incarcerated umbilical hernia. A 66-year-old male with past medical history of restrictive lung disease, obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension, presented to the operating room for an incarcerated inguinal hernia. After abdominal closure, he gradually developed decreased oxygen saturation and hypotension. APRV was initiated during post operative day 2 after inability to maintain adequate oxygen saturation with resultant hypotension on pressure control ventilation with varying degrees of positive end expiratory pressure and 100% inspired oxygen concentration. The initial set high pressure on APRV was 35 mm Hg. Yet, in lieu of decreasing lung compliance, it peaked at 50 mm Hg. Eventually, inhaled Nitric Oxide was initiated post operative day 3 due to increasing pulmonary arterial pressures. A bedside laparotomy was eventually performed when bladder pressures peaked to 25 mm Hg. APRV gradually and temporally improved the oxygen saturation and decreased the pulmonary arterial pressures with subsequent increase in systemic blood pressures. APRV promoted alveolar recruitment and decreased the shunting associated with abdominal compartment syndrome. Better oxygen saturations lead to increases in blood pressure by decreasing the effects of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction on the right ventricle (RV). In patients with decreasing lung compliance and pulmonary comorbidities, APRV appears safe and allows for improve oxygenation, after failure with conventional modes of ventilation.

The Value of Positive Pressure Ventilations for Clients in Acute Respiratory Distress as a Result of Cardiac and Pulmonary Issues

Objective: Research was conducted to examine benefits to using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) early in the treatment of respiratory distress caused by pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Limitations to successful NIV and CPAP therapy were evaluated to determine how prolonged initiation of treatment may lead to hypoxemia (decreased oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide in the blood) resulting in poor outcomes. Method: Reviews of literature from nursing and allied health data bases (CINAHL and ProQuest) with terms pulmonary edema, positive pressure device and non-invasive ventilation from 2010 to 2014 were used. Studies were conducted in the hospital and prehospital settings. Results: The literature search located 7 articles from CINAHL and 25 articles from ProQuest. A total of 6 of these articles were analyzed. Additional sources of data were obtained from Ignatavicius and Workman (2013) Medical-Surgical Nursing Patient-Centered Collaborative Care 7th edition and American Journal of Nursing (02/2013) Volume 113: 2. Conclusion: All of the articles concluded that early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure ventilations in the short-term was beneficial;however, late initiation of therapy required additional interventions. The studies indicated that early use of positive airway pressure in acute respiratory distress improved breath rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The use of positive airway pressure for respiratory distress may decrease the need for endotracheal intubation.

俯卧位经鼻双水平正压通气模式(DuoPAP)在早产儿反复呼吸暂停的应用

目的:探讨早产儿反复呼吸暂停应用俯卧位经鼻双水平正压通气模式(DuoPAP)的效果。方法:选择60例早产儿反复呼吸暂停且伴有低出生体重患儿研究,均为我院NICU收治,于2021年1月—2023年4月入组。随机数字法分为两组,每组30例,包括nCPAP组[常规治疗+俯卧位经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)]与DuoPAP组(常规治疗+俯卧位经鼻双水平正压通气DuoPAP),对比效果。结果:DuoPAP组总有效率明显高于nCPAP组(P<0.05);两组治疗后心率、呼吸、血压、SpO_(2)、FiO_(2)、PEEP无显著差异(P>0.05),但DuoPAP组PaO_(2)更高,PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)更高,PaCO_(2)更低,与nCPAP组差异显著(P<0.05);DuoPAP组无创通气时间与住院时间更少,而无创通气失败需有创通气的百分比更低,与nCPAP组差异显著(P<0.05);两组并发症比较,无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:早产儿反复呼吸暂停采取俯卧位经鼻DuoPAP治疗,与俯卧位nCPAP比较,可更好地改善患儿的血气分析指标,减少CO_(2)潴留,避免再次插管有创通气治疗,同时还可缩短无创通气时间与住院时间,提高临床疗效,值得在NICU中应用。

气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者的影响

目的探究气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、血压及认知功能的影响。方法选取2022年3月至2023年1月上海市第八人民医院收治的88例OSAHS合并高血压患者,按照随机数字表法分为干预组(44例)与对照组(44例)。对照组采用常规治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上加用气道正压通气治疗。比较2组患者的睡眠监测结果、血压水平、认知和嗜睡评定及生活质量。结果治疗后干预组患者的AHI和最长呼吸暂停时间数值均比治疗前降低(P<0.05),且干预组的数值均较对照组更低(P<0.05);治疗后2组24 h平均收缩压、舒张压和夜间收缩压、舒张压均降低,且干预组的血压水平降低幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均有提升,Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分均有下降,且干预组患者的MoCA和ESS量表评分升高、下降幅度均超过对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的社会生活、物质生活、生理功能和躯体功能指标均有提升,且干预组各项指标较对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论气道正压通气能有效降低OSAHS合并高血压患者的AHI指数,降低患者的血压水平,改善患者的认知功能。

中医培土化浊方、针刺结合持续气道正压通气在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者中疗效分析

目的观察中医培土化浊方、针刺结合持续气道正压通气(CPAP)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的临床疗效。方法选取2020年5月—2022年5月收治的120例OSAHS患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=30)、药物+CPAP组(A组,n=29)、针刺+CPAP组(B组,n=27)以及联合组(n=34)共4组。对照组采用单独CPAP治疗,联合组采用培土化浊方内服+针刺+CPAP治疗,治疗周期为1个月。观察4组患者临床疗效,评估治疗前后4组患者中医证候积分、嗜睡程度、通气功能[呼吸暂停通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)]以及生活质量变化。结果治疗1个月后联合组临床疗效为94.12%,较对照组、A组以及B组临床疗效(72.41%、74.07%、56.67%)均明显更高(均P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,4组患者中医证候积分、嗜睡程度、通气功能以及生活质量均明显改善(均P<0.05),联合组中医证候积分、嗜睡程度评分、AHI以及LAT均低于对照组、A组与B组(均P<0.05),联合组LSaO_(2)以及生活质量评分均高于对照组、A组与B组(均P<0.05),对照组、A组与B组3组间中医证候积分、嗜睡程度评分、AHI、LSaO_(2)、LAT以及生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论中医培土化浊方、针刺结合CPAP联合治疗可有效提高OSAHS患者临床疗效,缓解其临床症状,提高通气功能,改善患者生活质量。

综合护理干预对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者生命质量的作用

目的:探讨综合护理干预对青海地区阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者生命质量的改善效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年12月在青海红十字医院睡眠医学科行多导睡眠监测(PSG)和无创呼吸机治疗的中重度OSAHS住院患者392例作为研究对象,根据收治的时间登记表单双号顺序将患者分为对照组(单号)和观察组(双号),每组196例。对照组给予普通护理,观察组给予综合护理。比较2组干预前后Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、睡眠呼吸暂停生命质量指数(SAQLl)评分及干预后持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗依从性。结果:干预后,2组患者ESS、SAS评分均低于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后ESS、SAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组干预后完成CPAP治疗患者例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预后可显著提高患者CPAP治疗的依从性,提高疗效,提高患者的生命质量。

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的应用价值

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的疗效及适用条件。方法回顾性分析中山市小榄人民医院呼吸内科2021年1月~2022年12月收治并好转出院的60例AECOPD患者的临床资料,所有患者均在抗感染、止咳化痰、平喘等治疗的基础上,给予呼吸支持治疗。按照呼吸支持治疗方式不同分为HFNC组(30例)与无创正压通气(NPPV)组(30例)。比较两组患者生命体征(心率、呼吸)、血气分析[氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)FiO_(2))]情况。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,分析HFNC组患者血气分析指标的变化情况。结果治疗前,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HFNC组治疗前后心率、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(85.47±13.21)次min vs.(97.67±22.62)次min、(95.92±27.33)mmHg vs.(80.3±19.02)mmHg、(321.23±78.73)mmHg vs.(278.40±67.21)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NPPV组治疗前后心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(90.33±12.02)次min vs.(105.70±22.03)次min、(20.67±0.76)次min vs.(24.93±2.45)次min、(91.54±34.81)mmHg vs.(70.86±24.03)mmHg、(311.03±113.14)mmHg vs.(240.53±86.28)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,与治疗前比较,HFNC组患者年龄≥71岁、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg之间的患者治疗后PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC及NPPV均可改善AECOPD患者的氧合功能,效果相当,可作为NPPV的备选方案。HFNC尤其适用于年龄71岁及以上、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg的人群。

不同无创通气联合枸橼酸咖啡因治疗早产儿呼吸暂停疗效分析

目的通过分析不同无创辅助通气模式联合枸橼酸咖啡因在早产儿呼吸暂停中的治疗效果,探讨治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的优化方案。方法选择2019年10月~2022年8月蚌埠医学院第二附属医院新生儿重症监护病房收治的90例胎龄≤34周的呼吸暂停患儿作为研究对象,回顾性分析患儿的病例资料,将患儿分为NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组(n=44)和NIPPV序贯NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组(n=46)。采用t检验、χ2检验、Mann-Whitney检验等,对两组患儿一般临床资料、呼吸暂停疗效、治疗时间及不良反应发生情况,进行统计学比较。结果NIPPV序贯NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组治疗早产儿呼吸暂停总有效率为91.30%,高于NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组的86.36%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组无创通气失败及相关治疗时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组在喂养不耐受、鼻损伤发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期采用NIPPV序贯NCPAP的通气模式,较传统单用NCPAP治疗早产儿呼吸暂停,可以取得更好的临床效果,缩短治疗及住院时间,不良反应相对更少,值得临床推广。

连续气道正压通气对胸腔镜肺部手术患者呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨连续气道正压(CPAP)通气对胸腔镜肺部手术患者呼吸功能的影响。方法选择2021年6月至2022年12月于广西壮族自治区人民医院择期行胸腔镜肺部手术的60例患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,经剔除后,最终两组各有29例纳入分析。在单肺通气时,观察组术侧肺持续给予CPAP通气,压力为5 cmH_(2)O,对照组术侧肺无特殊干预措施。于双肺通气20 min(T_(0))、单肺通气30 min(T_(1))、单肺通气1 h(T_(2))时间点进行动脉血气分析,比较两组各时间点氧合指数(OI)水平。比较两组术前及术后24 h中性粒细胞比率、白细胞计数。比较两组术后72 h内肺部并发症发生情况。结果在T_(0)~T_(2)时间点,两组OI均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),且在T_(1)、T_(2)时间点,对照组的OI水平较观察组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在手术后,两组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率较术前显著升高(P<0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后肺部并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(13.79%vs 37.93%;χ^(2)=4.406,P=0.036)。结论对胸腔镜肺部手术患者的术侧肺实施CPAP通气能有效提高患者单肺通气时的氧合,降低术后肺部并发症发生率。

重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气治疗重症AHF患者的疗效及对心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标的影响

目的 研究重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气治疗重症急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者的疗效及对心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标的影响。方法 对2020年6月至2022年6月上海市浦东新区人民医院收治的107例重症AHF患者的临床急救资料进行回顾性分析。根据急救方法不同将其分为对照组(n=51)和联合组(n=56)。所有患者均进行强心、利尿、抗感染等常规急救措施,对照组采用双水平气道正压通气,联合组采用双水平气道正压通气联合重组人脑利钠肽治疗。统计分析两组治疗前后的临床疗效、治疗前和治疗72 h后的心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、N末端B型利尿钠肽原(NT-proBNP)]、血流动力学指标[心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))]、抗氧化指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]水平,并记录两组患者的撤机时间及24 h尿量。结果 联合组的临床总有效率为91.07%,明显高于对照组(78.43%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者LVEF为(55.13±4.45)%,显著高于对照组[(47.96±4.75)%],LVESV、NT-proBNP分别为(53.61±5.45) mL、(1 848.43±209.31) ng/L,均显著低于对照组[(69.14±5.37) mL、(2 731.35±221.57) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者心率及MAP、PaCO_(2)水平分别为(86.75±10.52)次/min、(89.32±1.25) mmHg、(40.24±3.63) mmHg,均显著低于对照组[(98.18±8.65)次/min、(100.74±2.15) mmHg、(48.02±3.97) mmHg],PaO_(2)水平为(69.37±5.07)mmHg,高于对照组[(59.16±5.34) mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者SOD、CAT、GSH-Px水平分别为(558.16±54.35)μg/g、(281.07±45.69)μg/g、(55.34±4.14)U/L,均显著高于对照组[(479.67±55.14)μg/g、(229.81±45.62)μg/g、(41.05±4.91) U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者撤机时间为(22.31±5.81) h,短于对照组[(29.05±6.63) h],24 h尿量为(1 628.85±138.92) mL,大于对照组[(1 337.95±110.59) mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气用于重症AHF衰竭急救临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标,对促进钠排泄和缩短撤机时间更为有利。

激素替代疗法联合气道正压通气治疗绝经后女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停疗效观察

目的 观察激素替代疗法(HRT)联合气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗绝经后女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的临床效果。方法 选择2022年2月至2023年5月在上海市第八人民医院治疗的100例绝经期女性OSA患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组患者给予CPAP治疗,观察组患者给予HRT+CPAP治疗。一个疗程为28 d,治疗28 d后常规开展门诊随访。治疗前及治疗28 d后,比较两组患者的睡眠图(PSG)、性激素指标[雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)]及生存质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)变化,并比较两组患者对诊疗效果的满意率。结果 治疗后,两组患者的低通气指数、呼吸暂停次数、呼吸紊乱指数、最长呼吸暂停次数均降低,且观察组患者的上述指标分别为(10.27±2.10)次/h、(6.21±1.02)次/h、(26.10±3.28)次/h、(24.28±4.18) s,明显低于对照组的(14.28±2.17)次/h、(9.73±2.10)次/h、(31.29±4.12)次/h、(35.19±3.95) s,而两组患者治疗后的睡眠最低SaO2均升高,且观察组患者的睡眠最低SaO2为(91.31±8.21)%,明显高于对照组的(79.26±7.31)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的E2、P水平均升高,且观察组患者的E2、P分别为(35.13±2.25) pmol/L、(2.01±0.31)μmol/L,明显高于对照组的(18.93±2.10) pmol/L、(1.66±0.42)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的生理领域、心理领域、社会关系、环境领域评分均升高,且观察组患者的上述评分分别为(16.10±2.31)分、(15.31±2.04)分、(16.28±3.31)分、(16.29±2.12)分,明显高于对照组的(12.28±2.01)分、(12.01±1.94)分、(13.28±2.74)分、(12.88±1.89)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者对诊疗效果的满意率为96.00%,明显高于对照组的82.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HRT联合CPAP治疗绝经期女性OSA可有效改善睡眠质量、呼吸功能及激素水平,提高患者生存质量及对诊疗效果的满意度。

DuoPAP联合InSurE治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床分析

目的探讨经鼻双水平正压通气(DuoPAP)联合气管插管-肺表面活性物质-拔管(InSurE)技术治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的疗效。方法选取2015年1至12月泰安市妇幼保健院新生儿科收住的确诊为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS),且出生6h内需要无创呼吸支持的79例早产儿作为研究对象。DuoPAP组(39例)应用InSurE策略后给予DuoPAP治疗;NCPAP组(40例)应用InSurE策略后给予NCPAP治疗。记录所有患儿治疗后的血气变化及氧合指数(OI),以及患儿72h内再次插管机械通气率、无创呼吸支持时间、住院天数、住院费用、并发症等的发生情况,并对结果进行分析。结果 DuoPAP组的动脉氧分压(PaO2)、氧合指数(OI)、pH在2h(t值分别为5.721、6.175、2.188)、12h(t值分别为3.370、2.010、2.090)均高于NCPAP组(均P<0.05)。DuoPAP组二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)在2h(t=-3.092)、12h(t=-2.868)、24h(t=-4.427)均低于NCPAP组(均P<0.05),在48h和72h差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。DuoPAP组总无创呼吸支持时间(t=8.437)、72h内再次插管有创呼吸支持率(χ~2=5.785)、重复使用肺表面活性物质(PS)的比率(χ~2=5.785)、总住院时间(t=2.258)、总住院费用(t=5.507)均低于NCPAP组(均P<0.05)。DuoPAP组与NCPAP组的并发症及死亡率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。DuoPAP组与NCPAP组在恢复出生体重时间、全肠道喂养时间、体重增长率方面差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 DuoPAP联合InSurE技术治疗早产儿RDS能更好地改善气体交换,在最大程度上避免了有创通气,从而减少了住院时间及上机时间,缩短了住院天数,降低了医疗费用。DuoPAP与InSurE技术联合应用能更大限度地发挥PS的作用,减少患儿对额外PS的需求。

经鼻高流量氧疗对比无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用价值

目的研究经鼻高流量氧疗(high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)对比无创正压通气(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,NPPV)在急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure,AHF)伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果。方法选择2022年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科收治的94例AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为观察组48例和对照组46例。两组患者均给予常规扩血管、利尿等治疗,对照组给予NPPV治疗,观察组给予HFNC治疗,分别比较两组患者治疗前、治疗24 h后的呼吸频率、心率、血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))和动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))的变化情况及2组比较的区别,应用调查问卷评估两组患者治疗舒适度的区别。随访28 d,分别比较两组患者治疗后误吸、胃胀气等并发症发生率、气管插管率及病死率。结果观察组与对照组治疗后的呼吸频率、心率和NT-proBNP较前明显降低(P均<0.05),PaO_(2)较前升高(P均<0.05),PaCO_(2)较前升高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围内;观察组治疗后呼吸频率是(23.77±2.36)次/min、心率为(89.17±5.80)次/min、NT-proBNP为[13631.00(9997.25,16328.00)]pg/ml、PaO_(2)为(66.87±2.78)mmHg和PaCO_(2)为(37.06±2.56)mmHg,与对照组的(23.33±2.81)次/min、(87.69±5.02)次/min、[12517.00(9836.75,17742.00)]pg/ml、(67.74±2.67)mmHg和(37.07±1.93)mm Hg比较无统计学差别(均P>0.05);调查问卷显示,观察组舒适度评分大于对照组[(3.35±0.69)分比(2.76±0.77)分,P=0.001],并发症发生率小于对照组(10.41%比28.26%,P=0.028),两组患者气管插管率(12.50%比10.86%)和病死率(10.41%比8.69%)比较无统计学差别(P>0.05)。结论HFNC和NPPV在AHF伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中应用均具有较好的治疗效果,但HFNC并发症较较少,患者舒适程度更高。