FUZZY ALGEBRA IN TRIANGULAR NORM SYSTEM

Triangular norm is a powerful tool in the theory research and application development of fuzzy sets. In this paper, using the triang norm, we introduce some concepts such as fuzzy algebra, fuzzy a algebra and fuzzy monotone class, and discuss the relations among them,obtaining the following main conclusions:Theorem 1: Let (I,S,T,C) be a norm spetem, S and T be dual norm,(Ⅰ) If is a fuzzy σ algebra, then is also a fuzzy monotooe class;(Ⅱ ) If a fuzzy algebra is a fuzzy monotone class, then is also a fuzzy σ algebra.Theorem 2: If φ(X) is a fuzzy algebra, then m (φ) =σ(φ).

Finite-time control of linear parameter-varying systems with norm-bounded exogenous disturbance

In this paper, a new approach is presented for finite-time control problems for linear systems subject to time-varying parametric uncertainties and exogenous disturbance. The disturbance is assumed to be time varying and bounded. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a linear parameter-dependent state feedback gain, which can ensure that the closed-loop system is finite-time bounded （FTB）. The conditions can be reduced to feasibility problems involving LMIs. Numerical examples show the validity of the proposed methodology.

Robustness of iterative learning control for a class offractional-order linear continuous-time switched systems in the sense of L^p norm

For a class of fractional-order linear continuous-time switched systems specified by an arbitrary switching sequence,the performance of PDα-type fractional-order iterative learning control(FOILC)is discussed in the sense of L^p norm.When the systems are disturbed by bounded external noises,robustness of the PDα-type algorithm is firstly analyzed in the iteration domain by taking advantage of the generalized Young inequality of convolution integral.Then,convergence of the algorithm is discussed for the systems without any external noise.The results demonstrate that,under some given conditions,both convergence and robustness can be guaranteed during the entire time interval.Simulations support the correctness of the theory.

Hankel norm of polytopic systems with time-varying delay

This paper addresses the Hankel norm of polytopic systems with time-varying delay. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions are presented such that the polytopic system is stable and the Hankel norm of the polytopic system is less than a prescribed scalar in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is presented.

Identification of Continuous-Time Hammerstein System with Nuclear Norm Convex Relaxation

The nuclear norm convex relaxation method is proposed to force the rank constraint in the identification of the continuous-time( CT) Hammerstein system. The CT Hammerstein system is composed of a linear time invariant( LTI) system and a static nonlinear function( the linear part is followed by the nonlinear part). The nonlinear function is approximated by the pseudospectral basis functions, which have a better performance than Hinge functions and Radial Basis functions. After the approximation on the nonlinear function, the CT Hammerstein system has been transformed into a multiple-input single-output( MISO) linear model system with the differential pre-filters. However, the coefficients of static nonlinearity and the numerators of the linear transfer function are coupled together to challenge the parameters identification of the Hammerstein system. This problem is solved by replacing the one-rank constraint of the regularization optimization with the nuclear norm convex relaxation. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the accuracy and the efficiency of the method.

Application of Norms Models with Vectoral System in Construction Projects

Normization, i.e., the system of norms is a structure that defines the group of elements containing the norm values for the requirements of a certain resource. Resources comprise of materials, machines and labor. All the requirements of the measure units of the resources are given statically and with the discrete data. Thus, every slight change in the expense list item reference causes a change in norm and our norm is not flexible and features a discrepancy with the real life situations. In order to achieve a higher level of preciseness and to speed up the technological processes of planning and norming the engines of a company that lead to the regulation of the system, the discrete elements of the working （time-related） norms should be replaced by the dynamic ones. This is made possible through setting up norms models that in turn can be presented by formulae in the vectoral system. The use and implementation of the new technologies in terms of production, computer science and cybernetics provides for upgrading the norm requirements. New working tasks in turn require a new norm standardization, which can be applied to the hydrodemolition of concrete constructions by means of water robots that use high pressure water jets.

REFINEMENTS OF THE NORM OF TWO ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS

In this paper,some refinements of norm equalities and inequalities of combination of two orthogonal projections are established.We use certain norm inequalities for positive contraction operator to establish norm inequalities for combination of orthogonal projections on a Hilbert space.Furthermore,we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the norm of the above combination of o`rthogonal projections attains its optimal value.

Channel Estimation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Multiuser Millimeter-Wave/THz Systems

It is assumed that reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a key technology to enable the potential of mmWave communications.The passivity of the RIS makes channel estimation difficult because the channel can only be measured at the transceiver and not at the RIS.In this paper,we propose a novel separate channel estimator via exploiting the cascaded sparsity in the continuously valued angular domain of the cascaded channel for the RIS-enabled millimeter-wave/Tera-Hz systems,i.e.,the two-stage estimation method where the cascaded channel is separated into the base station(BS)-RIS and the RIS-user(UE)ones.Specifically,we first reveal the cascaded sparsity,i.e.,the sparsity exists in the hybrid angular domains of BS-RIS and the RIS-UEs separated channels,to construct the specific sparsity structure for RIS enabled multi-user systems.Then,we formulate the channel estimation problem using atomic norm minimization(ANM)to enhance the proposed sparsity structure in the continuous angular domains,where a low-complexity channel estimator via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers(ADMM)is proposed.Simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed channel estimator outperforms the current state-of-the-arts in terms of performance.

Analysis of the Regulation System for Cosmetics Administration

This article uses the method of legal text analysis to systematically sort out the legal norms,administrative normative documents,and other normative documents in the regulation system of cosmetics.It focuses on discussing the definitions,legal attributes,sources,and effectiveness of laws,administrative regulations,departmental rules,administrative normative documents,standards,specification,and guiding principles.

A New Class of Simple,General and Efficient Finite Volume Schemes for Overdetermined Thermodynamically Compatible Hyperbolic Systems

In this paper,a new efficient,and at the same time,very simple and general class of thermodynamically compatiblefinite volume schemes is introduced for the discretization of nonlinear,overdetermined,and thermodynamically compatiblefirst-order hyperbolic systems.By construction,the proposed semi-discrete method satisfies an entropy inequality and is nonlinearly stable in the energy norm.A very peculiar feature of our approach is that entropy is discretized directly,while total energy conservation is achieved as a mere consequence of the thermodynamically compatible discretization.The new schemes can be applied to a very general class of nonlinear systems of hyperbolic PDEs,including both,conservative and non-conservative products,as well as potentially stiff algebraic relaxation source terms,provided that the underlying system is overdetermined and therefore satisfies an additional extra conservation law,such as the conservation of total energy density.The proposed family offinite volume schemes is based on the seminal work of Abgrall[1],where for thefirst time a completely general methodology for the design of thermodynamically compatible numerical methods for overdetermined hyperbolic PDE was presented.We apply our new approach to three particular thermodynamically compatible systems:the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)with thermodynamically compatible generalized Lagrangian multiplier(GLM)divergence cleaning,the unifiedfirst-order hyperbolic model of continuum mechanics proposed by Godunov,Peshkov,and Romenski(GPR model)and thefirst-order hyperbolic model for turbulent shallow waterflows of Gavrilyuk et al.In addition to formal mathematical proofs of the properties of our newfinite volume schemes,we also present a large set of numerical results in order to show their potential,efficiency,and practical applicability.

The Barrier of the Child and Parent Expected Models for Entering the School System-A Secondary Publication

The recognition of the positive value of student diversity and their right to full participation are key aspects of inclusion as a means of managing heterogeneity of the school population from an equality perspective.As the school cannot welcome the diversity of children without including their families,the same logic needs to apply to the relationship between the school and parents,particularly in the current environment where the school-family partnership appears as a privileged institutional leverage in the fight against inequalities at school.Based on an ethnographical study exploring how the relationship between the school and the families builds up in a Swiss school located in a context of strong cultural diversity,this paper interrogates how the school norm can be the main limitation to the inclusion of students and parents who are unfamiliar with the school.Derived from field observations and interviews,our results show how the teachers tend to approach their relationship with new students and their parents from the standpoint of narrowly defined expected models,leading them to engage in a vain attempt to conform the students and parents when they deviate from these models.The possibility of entering the school system for students and parents unfamiliar with school is hindered by the exclusive and excluding normativity on which the models of the child and the parent expected by the teachers are grounded.Based on these observations,we discuss how an inclusive approach seems to us to require in the first place a necessary process of decentering from the school and teachers,as a condition for recognition of the actual child and parent.

Continuous-time System Identification with Nuclear Norm Minimization and GPMF-based Subspace Method

To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of continuous-time (CT) system identification, this paper introduces a novel method that incorporates the nuclear norm minimization (NNM) with the generalized Poisson moment functional (GPMF) based subspace method. The GPMF algorithm provides a simple linear mapping for subspace identification without the timederivatives of the input and output measurements to avoid amplification of measurement noise, and the NNM is a heuristic convex relaxation of the rank minimization. The Hankel matrix with minimized nuclear norm is used to determine the model order and to avoid the over-parameterization in subspace identification method (SIM). Furthermore, the algorithm to solve the NNM problem in CT case is also deduced with alternating direction methods of multipliers (ADMM). Lastly, two numerical examples are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and to show the advantages of the proposed method over the existing methods. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

BIO-NORM与NORM耕地质量评价方法对比研究

耕地质量评价对指导农业生产具有极为重要的意义,耕地质量评价方法的优劣直接影响到耕地质量评价结果的可靠性。本研究以江西省余江县为研究区域,通过实际调查和样品采集与分析,获取了249个水田表层土壤属性数据和95个田块的水稻产量数据。利用Norm值法和新建立的Bio-Norm法,分别确定耕地质量评价指标、指标权重和隶属度函数,并对研究区水田耕地质量进行评价。两种评价方法的对比分析表明,Bio-Norm法选取的指标比Norm值法更具有代表性,得出的指标权重更能准确反映指标的重要性,确定的隶属度函数临界值更能反映水稻生长的实际要求。评价结果显示,利用Bio-Norm法得出的耕地质量综合指数(IFI值)与水稻产量回归方程的决定系数(R2)远高于Norm值法,且IFI值与水稻产量各等级的区域分布特征更为吻合。Bio-Norm法评价耕地质量更为科学合理。

BIO-NORM与EO耕地质量评价方法对比研究

以江西省余江县为研究区域,利用专家经验法(expert opinion,EO)和新建的Bio-Norm法,分别确定耕地质量评价指标、指标权重和隶属度函数,对研究区水田耕地质量进行评价。两种评价方法的对比分析表明,采用EO法时不同专家组选取的参评指标不尽相同,评价结果具有不稳定性。Bio-Norm法得出的指标权重及确定的隶属度函数临界值,比起EO法更能反映水稻生长的实际要求;耕地质量综合指数(IFI值)与水稻产量回归方程的决定系数(R2)高于EO法,且IFI值与水稻产量各等级区域分布特征更吻合。采用Bio-Norm法评价耕地质量更为科学合理。

关于NORM开发利用设施退役源项调查方法的探讨

通过对以往实践经验进行总结,依照我国现行法规及技术标准,参考国际技术标准和国外良好实践,建立了一套适用于NORM开发利用设施退役源项调查的参考方法,并结合案例分析对调查方法的要点进行了探讨。这种方法的优点是,在保证调查结果可靠的前提下,将大量的实验室分析工作代之以现场监测,从而减轻了实验室的工作负担。希望对今后同类工作的开展提供参考。

磷矿采选及磷酸盐相关产品生产的NORM问题

2007年的统计结果表明:产生废物量最大的主要行业是钢铁和煤炭行业,分别占总废物总量的43.6%和28.8%,其次是铜和磷酸盐行业,分别占6.3%和4.62%,其余各行业产生的废物量都小于3%;其中钢铁、煤炭、铜和磷酸盐行业原矿外照射剂量率平均值分别是162 nGy/h、153 nGy/h、170 nGy/h和273 nGy/h,磷酸盐行业外照射水平较高。我国以往的相关工作基本查明磷矿分布区域,磷矿采选和磷酸盐相关产品生产企业,天然放射性水平较高矿石、废渣和部分产品238U、226Ra和40K核素活度浓度,但是,对开采含天然放射性核素较高的磷矿石,或使用这些磷矿石进行生产的企业开展辐射影响评价,以及这些企业在生产过程中对周围环境影响的评价非常有限,监测技术方法也需要进一步完善。在第一次全国污染源普查基础上,选择有代表性的磷酸盐生产企业进行辐射监测与环境影响评价研究具有重要的意义。

L1 norm optimal solution match processing in the wavelet domain

Greater attention has been paid to vintage-merge processing of seismic data and extracting more valuable information by the geophysicist. A match filter is used within many important areas such as splicing seismic data, matching seismic data with different ages and sources, 4-D seismic monitoring, and so on. The traditional match filtering method is subject to many restrictions and is usually difficult to overcome the impact of noise. Based on the traditional match filter, we propose the wavelet domain L1 norm optimal matching filter. In this paper, two different types of seismic data are decomposed to the wavelet domain, different detailed effective information is extracted for Ll-norm optimal matching, and ideal results are achieved. Based on the model test, we find that the L1 norm optimal matching filter attenuates the noise and the waveform, amplitude, and phase coherence of result signals are better than the conventional method. The field data test shows that, with our method, the seismic events in the filter results have better continuity which achieves the high precision seismic match requirements.

Return to ethics： On translators＇ norms of honor and shame

Translation studies has undergone three different periods： the traditional philological period, the modem linguistic period and the contemporary cultural period. Ever since the cultural turn, especially after the introduction of deconstruction into translation, traditional translation theories have been greatly affected. The traditional principle like faithfulness to the source text and the writer has been attacked and the translator＇s subjectivity and creativity have been greatly advocated. Under such circumstances, this paper, however, holds that translation studies should turn to ethics for the messy situation, and translators should be able to identify norms of honor and shame in translation practice.

NORM/TENORM照射的管理

阐述了国际原子能机构、欧盟等国际组织和部分国家NORM/TENORM照射的管理方式,讨论了需关注的问题,针对我国的NORM/TENORM照射管理现状提出了相应建议。

长江沿岸部分NORM行业水中^(210)Po的分析

人类所受辐射照射主要来源于天然辐射。本工作分析了长江沿岸部分NORM行业水中^(210)Po的浓度。结果表明,燃煤电厂、水泥厂、钢铁厂、铁矿排出水口中^(210)Po的活度浓度分别为(0.93~4.76)×10-3Bq/L、(1.12±0.07)×10-2Bq/L、(9.89±0.78)×10-3Bq/L、(2.17±0.21)×10-3Bq/L,均在长江水系^(210)Po的波动范围之内。稀土加工排放的废水和雨水中^(210)Po的活度浓度分别为(1.03~1.40)×10-1Bq/L、(3.05±0.04)×10-1Bq/L,比本底水平高两个数量级,需要引起特别关注,有待于进一步研究。