Morphology of somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation in tissue cultures of lantern tree (Koelreuteria bipinnata var.integrifoliola)

Somatic embryogenesis ofKoelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola was observed, plantlet formation in different types of somatic embryos was studied and the effect of abnormal embryos on plantlet formation was identified. Results show that somatic embryos of K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola include normal embryos, embryos with abnormal cotyledons, vitrified embryos, albino embryos, secondary embryos, linked embryos, embryos with abnormal growing points and embryos with expanding hypocotyl. After 40 d of callus culture, the response of normal somatic embryos from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was 26.7%, embryos with abnormal cotyledon 30.3% while other types of somatic embryos were below the 20% level. Most of normal embryos developed into plantlets and plantlet formation reached 94.9%. But the percentage of plantlet formation decreased apparently in abnormal embryos： the number of embryos with abnormal cotyledon declined to 76.1%, that of linked embryos to 47.4% and other types of abnormal embryos to below the 20% level. Albino embryos and embryos with abnormal growing point did not develop at all into plantlets. Embryos with abnormal cotyledons, linked embryos and embryos with abnormal growing points were observed during early stages of somatic embryogenesis, but vitrified, secondary and albino embryos and calli of embryos were observed at later stages. Increasing sucrose concentrations can decrease the occurrence of vitrified embryos, but the number of albino embryos decreased with an in- creasing in sucrose concentration.

棉花组织培养中异常苗的发生与转化

研究了棉花 (Gossypium hirsutum L.)组织培养中异常苗发生的类型、规律、影响因素及转化为正常苗的途径及技术。结果表明 ,在棉花组织培养中异常苗发生的频率极高 ,且形式多样 ,大体可分为生长点异常苗、叶片异常苗、胚轴异常苗、联体苗、丛生叶苗、单叶苗、玻璃化苗、白化苗、褐化苗和重新愈伤化苗等 1 0类。其中生长点异常苗和叶片异常苗最为常见。影响异常苗形成的因素很多 ,其中主要有外植体种类、培养基组成、培养方式和培养时间。有的异常苗来源于畸形胚 ,有的异常苗由正常苗转化而来。在合适的条件下异常苗可转化为正常苗 ,但不同培养基对异常苗转化为正常苗的影响不同 ,且不同基因型的异常苗转化为正常苗的能力也有差别。此外 ,从外界调控机制与棉花培养细胞的内在发育机制的相互作用方面讨论了造成棉花组织培养异常苗发生的原因 ;

怀玉山高山马铃薯正常种及其变种试管苗的转录组分析

为探究怀玉山高山马铃薯平原生境变种的机制,本研究以怀玉山高山马铃薯(麻籽洋芋)正常种(CK组)及其变种(BZ组)的试管苗为试验材料进行转录组分析。结果表明,CK组和BZ组共产生差异表达基因6 917个。GO富集分析显示,差异基因主要注释到光合作用光系统Ⅰ光捕获、光合作用光捕获、蛋白质发色团连锁、酰胺生物合成过程、肽生物合成过程、光系统Ⅰ、细胞质小核糖体亚单位、光系统、大核糖体亚单位、核糖体小亚基、色素结合、叶绿素结合、结构分子活性、核糖体的结构组成、作用于糖基键的水解酶活性等功能。KEGG富集分析显示,差异基因主要注释到光合作用-天线蛋白、核糖体、糖酵解、类固醇生物合成、生物素代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、苯丙酸生物合成、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢、光合作用、谷胱甘肽代谢等代谢途径。RT-qPCR检测了10个差异基因在怀玉山高山马铃薯正常种及其变种试管苗的表达量,结果均与RNA-seq一致。本研究结果将为进行怀玉山高山马铃薯平原生境变种过程中基因表达分析提供参考。