Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the years.Migrants can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than men.This paper is the first to explore ...Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the years.Migrants can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than men.This paper is the first to explore the problems faced by Nepalese women migrants while working abroad.Methods:This study was conducted among 1,889 women who were registered as migrant returnees at an organisation called Pourakhi Nepal.The study extracted and analysed data from a non-governmental organisation that supports returning female migrant workers in Nepal.Results:Around half(43.1%)of the women were 35 or older,30.9%were illiterate,and 63.6%were in their first overseas job.More than one-third(38.5%)had self-reported workplace harassment.Physical violence was the most prevalent(68%),followed by verbal abuse(37.5%),mental stress(29.7%),and sexual abuse(14.1%).Women who were illiterate(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.25,95%confidence interval[CI):1.01 to 1.55),unmarried(AOR 1.27,95%CI:1.05 to 1.56),worked abroad twice or more(AOR 1.35,95%CI:1.10 to 1.66),changed their place of work(AOR 2.38,95%CI:1.42 to 4.01),lived without documents(AOR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.50),worked as domestics(AOR 3.56,95%CI:2.03 to 6.23),worked in other than Gulf Cooperation Council countries(AOR 1.45,95%CI:1.06 to 1.99),women who did not have a fixed salary(AOR 1.64,95%CI:1.28 to 2.10)and did not receive salary(AOR 3.71,95%CI:2.88 to 4.77)were more likely to be harassed at work.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the host governments should introduce and enforce policies protecting women in the workplace.Migrant women should be provided with better information about health risks and hazards as well as how to improve preventive measures in destination countries to reduce workplace harassment.展开更多
To revitalize rural tourism and improve the quality of life of rural residents,the successful experience of rural tourism in South Korea is used for reference,with an important significance for promoting the developme...To revitalize rural tourism and improve the quality of life of rural residents,the successful experience of rural tourism in South Korea is used for reference,with an important significance for promoting the development of rural tourism in Tai'an City.In this paper,three successful rural tourism cases of South Korea(Shuchuan,Hannong Village,Xinli Mupianwa Village)are analyzed first,and their successful experience is summarized.On the basis of accurately grasping current situation and problems of rural tourism development in Tai'an City,the countermeasures of promoting the development of rural tourism in Tai'an City are proposed:mobilizing the enthusiasm of villagers,multi-channel access to funds,diversified talent cultivation methods,product marketing system,and rural tourism management system.展开更多
基金This study had financial support from Liverpool John Moores University,United Kingdom(Padam Simkhada)and Bournemouth University,United Kingdom(Edwin van Teijlingen).
文摘Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the years.Migrants can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than men.This paper is the first to explore the problems faced by Nepalese women migrants while working abroad.Methods:This study was conducted among 1,889 women who were registered as migrant returnees at an organisation called Pourakhi Nepal.The study extracted and analysed data from a non-governmental organisation that supports returning female migrant workers in Nepal.Results:Around half(43.1%)of the women were 35 or older,30.9%were illiterate,and 63.6%were in their first overseas job.More than one-third(38.5%)had self-reported workplace harassment.Physical violence was the most prevalent(68%),followed by verbal abuse(37.5%),mental stress(29.7%),and sexual abuse(14.1%).Women who were illiterate(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.25,95%confidence interval[CI):1.01 to 1.55),unmarried(AOR 1.27,95%CI:1.05 to 1.56),worked abroad twice or more(AOR 1.35,95%CI:1.10 to 1.66),changed their place of work(AOR 2.38,95%CI:1.42 to 4.01),lived without documents(AOR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.50),worked as domestics(AOR 3.56,95%CI:2.03 to 6.23),worked in other than Gulf Cooperation Council countries(AOR 1.45,95%CI:1.06 to 1.99),women who did not have a fixed salary(AOR 1.64,95%CI:1.28 to 2.10)and did not receive salary(AOR 3.71,95%CI:2.88 to 4.77)were more likely to be harassed at work.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the host governments should introduce and enforce policies protecting women in the workplace.Migrant women should be provided with better information about health risks and hazards as well as how to improve preventive measures in destination countries to reduce workplace harassment.
基金Talent Introduction and Education Program of Youth Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(201903)Research Project on Teaching Reform of Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province in 2020Key Subjects of Art and Science in Shandong Province in 2021(L2021Z07070505).
文摘To revitalize rural tourism and improve the quality of life of rural residents,the successful experience of rural tourism in South Korea is used for reference,with an important significance for promoting the development of rural tourism in Tai'an City.In this paper,three successful rural tourism cases of South Korea(Shuchuan,Hannong Village,Xinli Mupianwa Village)are analyzed first,and their successful experience is summarized.On the basis of accurately grasping current situation and problems of rural tourism development in Tai'an City,the countermeasures of promoting the development of rural tourism in Tai'an City are proposed:mobilizing the enthusiasm of villagers,multi-channel access to funds,diversified talent cultivation methods,product marketing system,and rural tourism management system.
