STUDIES ON THE POTENTIAL OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE NORTHEAST REGION OF CHINA

Northeast region covers an area of 1.24 million km, making up 12.9% of the total area of China, with a population of 103 million, 9.9% of the total population of China. The grain commodity rate is over 35%. It is one of the very important regions of grain production in China. As population and grain demand unceasingly increase, the potential of grain production, and the commodity grain provided for the nation are the major problems about grain consumption and distribution in the future. And they directly affect the realization of national planning objective of grain production.The analysis of grain production conditions and history indicates that: 1) The increase of total grain output is mainly dependent on the increase of grain yield per unit area, but not the enlargement of grain sown area. 2) The factor to affect grain yield per unit area are materials input, correct policies, yearly climatic variation. 3) By the year 2000 and 2010 the total grain output in this region will be respectively 66.16-66.

Study on the Promotion of Digital Trade to Northeast Asian Regional Economy

Society is currently transitioning from the era of informatization and digitization to the era of intelligence.Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and big data are permeating every aspect of production and life.This penetration presents a rare opportunity for the development of digital trade and catalyzes innovation in traditional trade patterns.This paper first analyzes the inevitability of digital trade development in Northeast Asia.Secondly,it delves into the challenges faced by digital trade development and explores in-depth the promotion strategy for digital trade’s impact on the economic development of the Northeast Asia region,providing insights from various perspectives for reference.

Evaluation and Driving Force Analysis of Cultivated Land Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization.

Analysis on Status and Development Trend of Wind Erosion in Black Earth Region of Northeast China

In this paper,areas and main factors of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China were systematically analyzed,as well as the development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China.In addition,development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China was analyzed from the aspects of the geographic position,climatic change law in recent 40 years and effects of northeast sand land desertification on wind erosion in black earth region,which had provided references for the research and prevention of wind erosion in soil of black earth region of Northeast China.

Economic Development Status and Regulation Countermeasures of Tourist County in Northeast China Region

Through deep analysis on causes of poor economy in tourist county,the study pointed out that to seek for future development approaches would be the key for economic development of tourist county in Northeast Region.On the basis of identification of connotation,scope and types of tourist county in Northeast Region,economic development status of tourist county in Northeast Region was analyzed by using a large number of statistics,the main existing problems were pointed out and corresponding regulating countermeasures were proposed pertinently.

Study on the Method of Soil Productivity Assessment in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

The objective of this paper is to investigate a simple and practical method for soil productivity assessment in the black soil region of Northeast China. Firstly, eight kinds of physicochemical properties for each of 120 soil samples collected from 25 black soil profiles were analyzed using cluster and correlation analysis. Subsequently, parameter indices were calculated using physicochemical properties. Finally, a modified productivity index （MPI） model were developed and validated. The results showed that the suitable parameters for soil productivity assessment in black soil region of Northeast China were soil available water, soil pH, clay content, and organic matter content. Compared with original productivity index （PI） model, MPI model added clay content and organic matter content in parameters while omitted bulk density. Simulation results of original PI model and MPI model were compared using crop yield of land block where investigated soil profiles were located. MPI model was proven to perform better with a higher significant correlation with maize yield. The correlation equation between MPI and yield was： Y= 3.2002Ln（MP/）＋ 10.056, R^2 = 0.7564. The results showed that MPI model was an effective and practical method to assess soil productivity in the research area.

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis on Regional Economic Disparity of Northeast Economic Region in China

Popular regional inequality indexes such as variation coefficient and Gini coefficient can only reveal overall inequality, and have limited ability in revealing spatial dependence or spatial agglomeration. Recently some methods of exploratory spatial data analysis such as spatial autocorrelation have provided effective tools to analyze spatial agglomeration and cluster, which can reveal the pattern of regional inequality. This article attempts to use spatial autocorrelation at county level to get refined spatial pattern of regional disparity in Chinese northeast economic region over 2000-2006 (2001 absent). The result indicates that the basic trend of regional economy is an increasing concentration of growth among counties in northeast economic region, and there are two geographical clusters of poorer counties including the counties in western Liaoning Province and adjacent counties in Inner Mongolia, poorer counties of Heihe, Qiqihar and Suihua in Heilongjiang Province. This article also reveals that we can use the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis as the supplementary analysis methods in regional economic analysis.

The 144–140 Ma Mafic Dykes in North China and Northeast China Indicating Regional Extensional Tectonic Setting

Objective Previous studies indicate that the North China Craton（NCC）had undergone the loss of thickened lithosphere and fundamental change of physical and chemical property of lithospheric mantle（the destruction of NCC）during the Mesozoic.The peak period of the destruction of NCC is estimated to be 130 Ma,accompanied by widespread metamorphic core complex,rift basins,A-type granites and mafic dykes. However, it remains greatly controversial on the tectonic setting of NCC in the pre- 130Ma.

Spatiotemporal Variations and Regional Transport of Air Pollutants in Two Urban Agglomerations in Northeast China Plain

Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration(CLUA) and Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration(HCUA) in NEC Plain were analyzed in this study based on three-year hourly observations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017.The results indicated that the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants are generally higher in the middle and southern regions in NEC Plain and lower in the northern region.Megacities such as Shenyang, Harbin and Changchun experience severe air pollution, with a three-year averaged air quality index(AQI) larger than 80, far exceeding the daily AQI standard at the first-level of 50 in China.The annual mean PM and SO2 concentrations decrease most significantly in NEC urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2017, followed by CO and NO2, while O3 shows a slight increasing trend.All the six pollutants exhibit obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, and these variations are dictated by local emission and meteorological conditions.PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in NEC urban agglomerations strongly depend on wind conditions.High O3 concentrations at different cities usually occur in presence of strong winds but are independent on wind direction(WD), while high PM2.5 is usually accompanied by weak winds and poor dispersion condition, and sometimes also occur when the northerly or southerly winds are strong.Regional transport of air pollutants between NEC urban agglomerations is common.A severe haze event on November 1–4, 2017 is examined to demonstrate the role of regional transport on pollution.

Effect of farmland shelterbelts on gully erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China

The black soil region of northeast China is one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. Increasingly severe gully erosion in this region has destroyed much farmland and reduced grain production. We analyzed SPOT5 imagery from 2007 and TM imagery from 2008 to describe the distributions of gullies and farmland shelterbelts in Kedong County and to assess the effect of farmland shelterbelts on gully erosion. The ima- gery revealed 2311 gullies with average density of 418.51 m km-2, indicating very serious gully erosion. With increasing slope gradient there was an inverse trend between gully density and shelterbelt density, indicating that farmland shelterbelts can prevent gully erosion. The defense effect of farmland shelterbelts against gullyerosion varied with distance： for distances 〈120 m, the defense effect was consistent and very strong; for distances of 120-240 m, a weak linear decrease was found in the defense effect; and for distances 〉240 m, the defense effect of the shelterbelts was significantly weaker. We recommend an optimal planting density of farmland shel- terbelts for the prevention of gully erosion at 1100-1300 m km-2.

Strengthening Exchanges and Cooperation in the Northeast Asia Region Follows the Trend of the Times——Sidelights of the 10^(th) Northeast Asia Youth Forum

The 10thNortheast Asia Youth Forum,with the theme of China-ROK-Japan Youth Employment Guidance,sponsored by Moral Re-Armament/Initiatives of Change(MRA/IC)-Korea was held in Seoul and Cheonan from August 12 to 17.Seventy five college students from 37 universities sent by China International Youth Exchange Center,Moral Re-Armament/Initiatives of Change(MRA/IC)-Korea and Japan Society attended the Forum.Lee Boksil,Vice-Minister of Ministry of

典型黑土区不同保护性耕作方式对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响

实施保护性耕作对保护东北黑土和保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。为明确东北典型黑土区保护性耕作对玉米产量的影响及其关键因素,开展了连续3年大田定位试验,设常规垄作秸秆不还田(CK)、免耕秸秆全量粉碎覆盖(T1)、免耕留高茬全量秸秆覆盖(T2)、少耕秸秆全量条带覆盖(T3)共4个处理,分析了不同处理对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,保护性耕作处理(T1、T2和T3)0~20 cm耕层土壤有机质含量呈增加趋势;保护性耕作显著提高了播种至出苗期耕层土壤含水量,T1、T2和T3处理分别提高7.8%~30.4%、9.0%~18.7%和17.3%~20.0%,但显著降低土壤温度,分别降低2.56~3.11℃、2.02~2.27℃、0.94~1.93℃;分别延迟玉米出苗时间5~7 d、4~6 d和2 d;T3处理3年平均出苗率较CK增加3.2%,T1和T2处理出苗率分别降低4.3%和4.7%;T1、T2和T3处理均降低了苗期株高整齐度和植株干物质积累,但T3处理降低幅度明显小于T1和T2处理,6叶期之后干物质积累降低幅度逐渐减小;T1和T2处理显著降低玉米产量,降幅分别为7.5%~15.6%和5.5%~12.9%,T3处理产量与CK差异不显著。结构方程模型(SEM)揭示,保护性耕作通过调节土壤含水量和温度,间接影响玉米出苗时间、出苗率、穗数和百粒重,进而影响产量,也可通过直接影响出苗质量和产量构成因素进而影响产量。在东北典型黑土区,少耕秸秆全量条带覆盖(T3)不仅有利于提高土壤有机质含量,而且还有利于平衡土壤水分和温度矛盾,缩短出苗时间、提高出苗质量、高产稳产,是该区域适宜的保护性耕作方式。

东北地区教学建筑侧窗导光构件形态模拟研究

目的 为解决东北地区教学建筑中自然光分布严重不均衡,而单纯依靠粗放式地提高窗地比采光计算方法无法改善,通过设置导光构件解决自然光分布不均衡的难题。方法 应用Ecotect软件建立典型教室空间和导光构件的参数化模型,分析导光构件内外位置、水平高度、截面尺寸、截面形态、透光度等参数变化对于采光系数、照度、采光均匀度等参数的影响。结果 通过对模拟数据的比较分析发现,导光板在位于侧窗室内一侧、高度为2 400 mm、截面宽度为1 050~1 200 mm、截面形态为弧形向下的情况下,采光照度和均匀度达到最佳平衡状态;导光百叶中的水平内倾百叶的综合性能优于其他类型。结论 横向比较,导光板最优方案在综合性能上优于导光百叶,是东北地区较为适用的导光构件。

区域协调发展与市场统一的法治保障

实现中国式现代化,需要统筹解决区域协调发展与市场统一问题,并加强相应的法治保障,对此有必要在“区域—市场—法治”的框架下展开分析。以东北地区为例,基于该地区在我国的重要地位及其存在的发展问题,应进一步推进市场化改革,并将其区域发展与区域市场建设有机结合,进而促进全国的区域协调发展和统一大市场建设。针对上述领域既往存在的法治问题,应明晰制度优化的重点,加强经济政策与经济法治的有效协调,从而在法治框架下推动区域协调发展与市场统一的相互促进,这有助于持续推进现代化经济体系建设和国家的整体现代化,深化区域经济学、经济法学、发展法学等领域的理论研究。

东北地区教育建筑天然采光设计机制和优化策略研究

本文针对东北地区教育建筑冬季严重眩光和照度不足的双重问题,从探索典型教室空间天然光分布特点入手,分析采光设计机制,通过实地观察监测和静态、动态模拟比较分析,提出了界面柔光、构件导光和腔体补光三种采光优化设计策略,并结合实际工程进行了设计应用和建成后的监测评估,形成了对教育建筑设计实践具有参考借鉴价值的方法探索和理念创新。

东北地区数字政府一体化协同链:概念、思路和因素

区块链作为一项全新技术,为东北地区数字政府一体化协同的构建起到了创新驱动的作用。东北地区一体化协同链的核心技术是区块链,基础是各省已建成的数字政府平台,从而实现数字政府跨省区协同的逻辑一体化和数据一体化。东北地区构建数字政府一体化协同链的总体思路:以“去中心化”使东北地区数字政府一体化协同具有现实可行性,以数据共享通认为东北地区数字政府一体化协同夯实运行基础;以不同节点业务通办使东北地区数字政府一体化协同达到核心目标。同时,应充分利用动力因素,规避和转化制约因素,才能使东北地区数字政府一体化协同链的建设落到实处。

“十五五”时期东北地区承接东南沿海关键制造业备份能力:理论内涵、识别测度与提升路径

“十五五”时期我国制造业面临转型升级兼顾安全新需求,特别是在极端情境下在沿海地区高度集聚的关键制造业容易成为被打击、被封锁的对象,亟须形成对东南沿海关键制造业的备份能力。在界定东北地区关键制造业研究范围的基础上,从基础能力、恢复能力和发展能力三个方面探寻产业备份能力的理论内涵,定量识别出东北地区可备份的关键制造业。结果表明,可备份的关键制造业包括交通运输设备制造业、金属冶炼及制品业、电气机械和器材制造业、通用设备制造业和专用设备制造业及化学工业等;东北地区备份关键制造业的提升路径,包括加强与东南沿海产业链分工关系、精准培育东北地区备份基础能力、重构东北地区有效转移关键制造业的备份恢复能力、形成东北地区高质量空间资源配置格局的备份发展能力。

东北三省人口流失的结构性与流向特征——基于长时序人口普查数据的区域比较分析

利用1990—2020年历次全国人口普查和1%人口抽样调查数据,本文从结构和比较的视角考察了东北三省人口流失规模、来源和目的地选择的典型特征及动态变化。结果表明,东北三省人口流失是始于1990年的长期现象,但人口流失的规模和比例远低于中西部主要人口流出区;持续性的人口减少是人口流入率低、户籍迁出率高、城乡人口同步流出等多种原因造成的,也是东北人口流失的典型地域特征。经济因素是东北和其他省份外流人口目的地选择的共性主导因素;东北外流人口更加重视流入地的医疗卫生服务,近20 a的流出人口年轻化导致该地区对教育资源的偏好性大幅提升,且持续受到区位因素的较大制约,但始终没有明显的气候偏好性。区域吸引力不足的长期性和全面性意味着东北三省在尽力延缓人口流失趋势的同时,还应积极探索人口流失区高质量发展的新路径。

东北高职教育赋能新质生产力发展的效度、梗阻与建议

高职教育通过赋能知识、技术、人才等要素成为发展新质生产力的重要方式。马克思关于生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的关系原理,提供了供给性和适应性两个维度的分析视阈。从供给性上,基于教育规模、教育经费和教育成果三个层次指标的实证分析,结合影响新质生产力水平的控制变量可知,东北高职教育赋能新质生产力发展效度不足。从适应性上,东北高职教育面临系统性式微、机制性障碍以及空间性阻隔等现实问题。在东北全面振兴背景下,要通过提升政府统筹引领作用、扩大优质办学要素规模、建构多维协同创新体系、打造高水平开放格局,增强高职教育服务新质生产力发展的保障力、支撑力、聚合力与伸张力。

东北黑土区生态系统服务权衡与协同

东北黑土区作为我国最大的商品粮基地,土地退化问题日趋严峻,严重影响了生产—生态功能的协同发展。采用CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)、降水贮存量法、修正的通用土壤流失方程(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation,RUSLE)和修正的风蚀方程(Revised Wind Erosion Equation,RWEQ)量化了东北黑土区供给、水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙4种关键生态系统服务并分析了其时空演化特征,采用残差分析法厘定了气候变化与人类活动因素对供给服务的贡献率,从栅格尺度和县域尺度刻画了不同地区、不同主导驱动因素下生态系统服务间的权衡与协同特征。结果显示:(1)近20年东北黑土区供给、水源涵养和防风固沙服务量总体上小幅提升,县域数量分别占96.6%、76.9%和75.4%,其中内蒙古东部和黑龙江的供给服务量、黑龙江和吉林的水源涵养量以及辽宁的防风固沙量增势明显。土壤保持量总体上小幅下降,县域数量占60.7%,特别是吉林下降趋势最明显。(2)东北黑土区供给服务变化主要受气候变化与人类活动的共同促进作用。人类活动是主导驱动因素,总体贡献率为62.65%,县域数量占76.6%。(3)东北黑土区供给与水源涵养、防风固沙之间主要表现为协同关系,约有88.67%和77.14%的县域表现为协同,而供给与土壤保持之间主要表现为权衡关系,县域数量占比为68.25%,人类活动因素加重了各服务之间的权衡作用。研究有助于明晰东北黑土区生态系统服务的主要矛盾,科学合理、有针对性的制定生态保护修复相关政策,对提升东北生态功能以及保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。