The Improvement of China’s AIDS Notification System from the Perspective of Human Rights

China has established a two-level normative structure AIDS notification system with the AIDS Prevention and control Regulations as the core and local regulations as the supplement The problem is that the local legislations have different provisions with regard to the subject of notification and whether to adopt mandatory notification, which confronts the implementation of the AIDS notification system and the prevention of AIDS transmission with real difficulties The different attitudes of local legislations to the mandatory notification system for AIDS essentially reflects the dilemma of legislators in balancing the right to privacy of HIV-infected patients and the right to health of their sexual partners from the perspective of rights limitations, this paper aims to conducts interest balance analysis in the aspects of social urgency, public interest, substantive damage and the right to know of others and holds the view that when these two rights conflict with each other, priority should be given to the right to health of HIV-infected patients and their sexual partner as well as public health In terms of specific systems, the AIDS Prevention and control Regulations should establish a mandatory notification system and local legislation should take into consideration of local conditions to make specific provisions on issues of notification subject, notification procedures and confidentiality obligations after notification.

Community Notification of Maternal, Neonatal Deaths and Still Births in Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) System: Experiences in Bangladesh

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the process of community maternal, neonatal deaths and still births notification within the Bangladesh government health structure using the Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) system. The study also explored the feasibility and acceptance of community death notification in the MNDR system. Methods: The study was under-taken in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh during 2010. During the study a mix of both qualitative and quantitative information was collected. A review of the documentation process of community death notification was undertaken and focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members, health care providers and managers in a sub-district were conducted, with in-depth interviews (IDIs) with district heath and family planning managers. Quantitative data were collected from community death notifications in the district during January to December 2010. Results: The death notification process was implemented by the government health care system within the Thakurgaon district. Field level health and family planning staff collected maternal and neonatal death information, recorded the death on the notification form and reported back to the Upazila (sub-district of the district) focal point at the Upazila health complex (primary health care centre). Community people were encouraged to share their death information to field level health staff. The health and family planning managers in the district periodically discussed the maternal and neonatal deaths and prepared remedial action plans in high death notified areas. In 2010, 59 maternal deaths, 739 neonatal deaths and 633 still births were reported in Thakurgaon district. District health and family planning departments performed community death notification as part of their routine daily work and integrated these procedures with other field level activities. Conclusion: Community death notification under the MNDR system was found to be achievable and acceptable at the district level using the existing government health system. The simple death notification process used to capture community level maternal, neonatal deaths and still births provides a guide for planning corrective actions for better health outcomes for the community.

Notification Oriented and Object Oriented Paradigms Comparison via Sale System

This paper presents a new programming paradigm named Notification-Oriented Paradigm (NOP) and analyses the performance aspects of NOP programs by means of an experiment. NOP provides a new manner to conceive, structure, and execute software, which would allow causal-knowledge organization and decoupling better than standard solutions based upon current paradigms. These paradigms are essentially Imperative Paradigm (IP) and Declarative Paradigm (DP). In short, DP solutions are considered easier to use than IP solutions due to the concept of high-level programming. However, they are considered slower in execution and lesser flexible in development. Anyway, both paradigms present similar drawbacks such as redundant causal-evaluation and strongly coupled entities, which decrease software performance and processing distribution feasibility. These problems exist due to an orientation to a monolithic inference mechanism based on sequential evaluation searching on passive computational entities. NOP proposes another way to structure software and make its inferences, which is based on small, collaborative, and decoupled computational entities whose interaction happens through precise notifications. This paper presents a quantitative comparison between two equivalent implementations of a sale system, one developed according to the principles of Object-Oriented Paradigm (OOP/IP) in C++ and other developed according to the principles of NOP based on a NOP framework in C++. The results showed that NOP implementation obtained quite equivalent results with respect to OOP implementation. This happened because the NOP framework uses considerable expensive data-structures over C++. Thus, it is necessary a new compiler to NOP in order to actually use its potentiality.

DCT based multipurpose watermarking technique for image copyright notification and protection

A multipurpose image watermarking technique based on DCT is proposed to notify and protect the copyright of digital products. In order to achieve this objective, the DCT coefficients of each image block are divided into two parts for embedding the visible and invisible watermarks. The visible watermark is embedded in each DC DCT coefficient and most of the AC DCT coefficients of every block, and the invisible watermark in the rest. Based on the characteristics of Human Visual System (HVS), the embedding strength of the visible watermark is varied in accordance with the underlying content of the host image. The invisible watermark is embedded in a quaternity of midrange frequencies. Experimental results show that the visible watermark is hard to remove and the invisible watermark is robust to common digital signal processing operations.

Assessment of the Contributions of Private Provider Engagement in Tuberculosis Case Finding and Notification in South West Nigeria

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortalities attributable to an infectious disease. In a private sector-driven health system such as Nigeria, the private health providers are very important stakeholders in tuberculosis diagnosis and management. Unfortunately, there are few data on the level of contribution of these private health providers to the case finding and notification of tuberculosis in Nigeria. Consequently, this study assessed the contribution of the private providers to the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis under the Global Fund Private Public Mix New Funding Model (2nd phase) grant (GF PPM NFM2) in the four implementing states of south west Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the NFM2 programme implementation data collected between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Data was extracted from the routine registers such as the presumptive TB registers;treatment register of the private health facilities engaged for PPM activities between 2019 and 2020. The data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft excel package. The variables were summarized using appropriate charts and table. Results: Concerning the percentage contribution of the Global Fund Private Public Mix (GF PPM) grant to the total state TB case notification, majority of the implementing states show some progressive rise in the contribution of GF PPM to State TB case notification as the grant implementation progressed. Furthermore, at the initial period of the grant implementation, the health facilities seemed to have generated majority of the cases. However, as the grant implementation progressed, the PPMVs were responsible for the diagnosis of majority of the cases. Conclusion: As the grant progressed, there was a progressive increase in the number of presumptive TB cases as well as in the number of notified cases of tuberculosis attributable to private provider engagement.

面向对象的AutoCAD开发工具ARX Notification机制及Reactor类的使用

ARX是AutoCAD二次开发平台的重要的组成部分。它提供许多工具使一些工程 CAD软件的开发变得较为容易。本文阐述了 ARX程序的Notification机制制度、Reactor类的使用方法,并给出了使用Reactor类的实例。

Chinese Society of Neuroscience & Psychiatry (CSNP) Notifications of the 16^th National Academic Conference

"The 16^th Chinese Society of Neuroscience & Psychiatry (CSNP)National Academic Conference", sponsored by Chinese Society of Neuroscience & Psychiatry, co-sp on sored by Shanghai Mentai Health Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong Un iversity School of Medicine,Harbin First Specialized Hospital, will be held on June 27-29, 2019 at Rong Chuang Wanda Vista Hotel, Harbin. The conference will bring communication of the latest advances of mental disorders through keynote talks, forums, symposiums, oral reports, and poster presentations.

RT-Notification: A Novel Real-Time Notification Protocol for Wireless Control in Fog Computing

Fog computing is an emerging paradigm that has broad applications including storage, measurement and control. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time notification protocol called RT-Notification for wireless control in fog computing. RT-Notification provides low-latency TDMA communication between an access point in Fog and a large number of portable monitoring devices equipped with sensor and actuator. RT-Notification differentiates two types of controls: urgent downlink actuator-oriented control and normal uplink access & scheduling control. Different from existing protocols, RT-Notification has two salient features:(i) support real-time notification of control frames, while not interrupting ongoing other transmissions, and(ii) support on-demand channel allocation for normal uplink access & scheduling control. RT-Notification can be implemented based on the commercial off-the-shelf 802.11 hardware. Our extensive simulations verify that RT-Notification is very effective in supporting the above two features.

Geographical Patterns of Tuberculosis Notification Rates and Their Associations with Sociodemographic Characteristics in Communes in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Objective: To identify the patterns of tuberculosis (TB) notification rates in Phnom Penh and examine their relationships with the population density, socioeconomic, residential and occupational characteristics. Methods: The numbers of total TB and smear-positive pulmonary TB cases reported between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012 in Phnom Penh were counted for 76 communes in Cambodia according to TB registration records filed under the national TB programme. Population, socioeconomic, residential and occupational characteristics for the communes were obtained from the 2008 General Population Census of Cambodia. The following indicators were developed for individual communes: smear-positive pulmonary TB notification rate (SPTB-NR) (per 100,000 population, in 36 months), population density (per km2), socioeconomic indicators, residential characteristics and occupational characteristics. Geographic patterns of these indicators and characteristics were analysed using ArcGIS. Associations between SPTB-NR and characteristics were analysed. Results: A total of 4102 TB cases were reported in 36 months, including 2046 SPTB cases. SPTB-NR for Phnom Penh was 135 cases per 100,000;median SPTB-NR by commune was 100. SPTB-NR was higher in outlying areas than in city centre communes;population density was high in the centre and low in the outlying areas. SPTB-NR was associated with larger percentage of household members per room (PR: 2.81, 95%CI: 2.68 - 2.93), percentage of population resident in the same commune Conclusions: The SPTB-NR in Phnom Penh did not follow the pattern of population density. Socioeconomic, residential and occupational characteristics by commune were associated with SPTB-NR. Development of prevention and control programmes by considering commune level characteristics is encouraged.

Strategic Engagement of Private Facilities to Increase Public-Private Mix (PPM) Contribution to Nigeria Tuberculosis Case Notification

Introduction: Finding the missing Tuberculosis (TB) cases remains the single most important priority for TB control in Nigeria. Between 66% - 92% of all cases of respiratory diseases including those with symptoms suggestive of TB are first seen byprivate health providers. Dependable, quality surveillance systems and notification are key roles in health services delivery, particularly as it is related to TB control. However, poor notification has been a challenge. This study was to assess the contribution of the public private mix (PPM) to Nigeria Tuberculosis national case notification. Methods: It was a national cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the National database and reviewed. Private facilities were engaged in 2017 and assessed over 2018-2020. Interventions included: enrolling private practitioners (Private-For-Profit, Faith Based Organization, Private Medicine Vendors and Community Pharmacists), engaging a private standalone Laboratory for Gene Xpert testing within the network of private facilities, use of Mobile App for easy screening and reporting, instituting a HUB and spoke, and incentives to private providers for participating. Each private provider had a customized approach. Trend analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage χ2 test for linear trends. Level of significance was at a p value of Results: Total case notification increased from 104,904 cases in 2017 to 138,591 in 2020. There were 2.0% increase in 2018, 13.0% in 2019 and 15.0% in 2020 (p < 0.001). PPM contribution to case notification increased from 10,699 cases in 2017 to 12,625 in 2018, then 17,250 in 2019 and 38,865 in 2020. There were 18.0% increase in 2018, 36.6% in 2019 and 125.3% increase in 2020 (p ). Conclusion: Effective engagement of the private sector in TB control efforts in Nigeria using a variety of approaches resulting in improved TB notification is possible. The National TB Programme should engage all private practitioners such that each practitioner will practice at least one TB service model.

Tuberculosis Case Notification and Treatment Outcomes in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Analysis of TB case notification and treatment outcomes is crucial to understand the TB control program performance. The current study was carried out to assess trends of TB case notifications, treatment success rate and factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome among TB patients in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in West Gojjam Zone. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed for all TB patients registered between July 2007 and June 2012 at 30 randomly selected public health facilities of the study zone. In addition, annual case notification reports of the study zone were used to analyze trends in TB case notifications. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between potential predictor variables and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Results: Tuberculosis case notification for all forms of TB decreased from 203/100,000 population in 2007 to 155/100,000 population in 2012. Among patients whose treatment outcomes were evaluated, 94.4% were successfully treated, 0.3% had treatment failure, 1.5% defaulted and 3.7% died. In multivariate analysis, the odds of unsuccessful treatment outcome was higher among retreatment cases than new cases (adjusted OR, 3.44;95% CI: 1.92, 6.19). HIV co-infected cases were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcome compared to HIV negatives (adjusted OR, 2.68;95% CI: 1.92, 3.72). Conclusion: Tuberculosis case notification rates showed a decreasing trend between 2007 and 2012. The treatment success rate exceeded the 90% treatment success rate target as set by the WHO. Special attention is required for patients with high risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Therefore, retreatment cases, and HIV positive cases need strict follow up throughout their treatment period.

Research of Publish and Subscribe Model Based on WS-Notification

WS-Notification bundle of standards, WS-BaseNotification, WS-Topics, and WS-BrokeredNotification, can be used as a general purpose publish/subscribe interface for Service Oriented Architectures. We provide an overview of the WS-Notification specification and describe a modified publish and subscribe model based on WS-Notification. The model is an adaptive policy-driven notification framework that can help enterprises to meet the flexibility and respon-siveness requirements of the enterprise. With the modified publish/subscribe model, information consumers can dy-namically and declaratively create and configure entities on their behalves to manage their distribution requirements.

Notification of renaming Chinese Journal of Polar Science

With the approval of General Administration of Press and Publication of People＇s Republic of China, CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLAR SCIENCE is to be renamed ADVANCES IN POLAR SCIENCE.

Adding Value to Applied Policy Models： The Case of the WTO and OECD Support Classification Systems

Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.

Notification on Further Strengthening Supervision of International Maritime Market

Since implementation of Regula- tions of The People's Republic of Chi- na on International Ocean Shipping (hereinafter referred to as Regulations on International Ocean Shipping), administrative department of transport has standardized order of international maritime market based on law

Notification

China Today’s now e-mall addresses for each editionare now in operation!So write! Share your views and comments with us,and with fellow subscribers.Dear Readers,Our email address, chinatoday@263.net, is defunct. We now have separateaddresses for each of our editions. They are:

A Game Comparative Study:Object-Oriented Paradigm and Notification-Oriented Paradigm

This paper presents a new programming paradigm named Notification-Oriented Paradigm (NOP) and analyses the performance aspects of NOP programs by means of an experiment. NOP provides a new manner to conceive, structure, and execute software, which would allow better performance, causal-knowledge organization, and decoupling than standard solutions based upon usual paradigms. These paradigms are essentially Imperative Paradigm (IP) and Declarative Paradigm (DP). In short, DP solutions are considered easier to use than IP solutions due to the concept of high-level programming. However, they are considered slower in execution and less flexible in development. Anyway, both paradigms present similar drawbacks such as redundant causal-evaluation and strongly coupled entities, which decrease the software performance and the processing distribution feasibility. These problems exist due to an orientation to a monolithic inference mechanism based upon sequential evaluation by searching on passive computational entities. NOP proposes another way to structure software and make its inferences, which is based upon small, collaborative, and decoupled computational entities whose interaction happens through precise notifications. In this context, this paper presents a quantitative comparison between two equivalent implementations of a computer game simulator (Pacman simulator), one developed according to the principles of Object-Oriented Paradigm (OOP/IP) in C++ and other developed according to the principles of NOP. The results obtained from the experiments demonstrate, however, a quite lower performance of NOP implementation. This happened because NOP applications are still developed using a framework based on C++. Besides, the paper shows that optimizations in the NOP framework improve NOP program performance, thereby evidencing the necessity of developing a NOP language/compiler.

Notification Oriented Paradigm(NOP)and Imperative Paradigm:A Comparative Study

This paper presents a new programming paradigm named Notification Oriented Paradigm (NOP) and analyses performance aspects of NOP programs by means of an experiment. NOP provides a new manner to conceive, structure, and execute software, which allows better performance, causal-knowledge organization, and entity decoupling than standard solutions based upon current paradigms. These paradigms are essentially Imperative Paradigm (IP) and Declarative Paradigm (DP). In short, DP solutions are considered easier to use than IP solutions thanks to the concept of high-level programming. However, they are considered slower to execute and lesser flexible to program than IP. Anyway, both paradigms present similar drawbacks like causal-evaluation redundancies and strongly coupled entities, which decrease software performance and processing distribution feasibility. These problems exist due to an orientation to monolithic inference mechanism based upon sequential evaluation by means of searches over passive computational entities. NOP proposes another manner to structure software and make its inferences, which is based upon small, smart, and decoupled collaborative entities whose interaction happen by means of precise notifications. This paper discusses NOP as a paradigm and presents certain comparison of NOP against IP. Actually, performance is evaluated by means of IP and NOP programs with respect to a same application, which allow demonstrating NOP superiority.

Interpretation on Cosmetics Registration and Notification Inspection Specification in China

Compare current and previous requirements of the Cosmetic Registration and Inspection Practice,explain the current testing items in detail,to help companies understand the latest requirements of the Cosmetic Registration and Inspection Practice.