坏死性小肠结肠炎与新生儿脑损伤

坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是新生儿期一种致死性胃肠道急症,能明显增加脑损伤的发生率。新生儿期是大脑快速发育的关键时期,此时发生NEC会严重影响新生儿的大脑发育,早产儿表现更为明显,其发生机制既有营养因素,也有非营养因素。对于NEC患儿,应尽早完善检查,早发现,并及时给予神经系统干预措施,同时密切监测生长发育水平、听力、视力以及神经影像学检查。进一步研究NEC患儿发生脑损伤的原因,旨在优化NEC患儿的神经系统干预措施。

消化道息肉糖尿病患者术后应用综合营养干预效果研究

目的观察消化道息肉糖尿病患者在无痛胃肠镜下行氩气刀凝固术后应用综合营养干预的效果。方法选取2011年4-11月该院消化内科确诊为消化道息肉的糖尿病患者60例,经无痛胃肠镜下行氩气刀凝固术,并随机分为对照组和干预组,各30例。对照组患者仅给予膳食指导,干预组患者在膳食指导基础上给予肠内综合营养支持等。观察两组患者术前、术后血糖相关指标的变化、胃肠耐受情况和术后不良反应及并发症发生情况。结果干预组患者术后第3、5、10天餐后2小时血糖（2hPBG）水平较术前降低,且较对照组降低更明显,而对照组患者术后第3天2hPBG水平较术前升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;干预组患者术后第10天糖化血红蛋白较对照组明显下降,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;干预组患者在腹泻、餐后伤口隐痛方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对照组患者不良反应发生率（6.7%）高于干预组（0.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对照组有1例患者大便隐血试验呈阳性（＋＋）,干预组未发生并发症。结论对消化道息肉糖尿病患者在无痛胃肠镜下行氩气刀凝固术后给予综合营养干预可有效控制血糖波动,并明显改善患者营养状况,有利于其康复。

Breeding and Evaluation of New Iron Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) Varieties

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop some new iron yam （Dioscorea opposita） varieties with excellent cooking, eating and nutritional qualities. [Method] The fresh weight per plant, drying rate, dry weight per plant, yield, allan- toin content, water soluble extract content and disease resistance of seven new iron yam cultivars （No.1, No.2, No.4, No.6, No.8, No.9 and No.10） obtained through spaceflight mutation breeding were measured and compared with control （No.11）. Then, the nutrition quality of two elite cultivars No. 6 and No.10 was determined by comparing with the control. [Result] The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descend- ing order of their fresh weight per plant as follows： No.6（0.255 kg）〉No.10（0.254 kg）〉 No.4（0.242 kg）〉No.9（0.237 kg）〉No.1（0.233 kg）〉No.11（0.206 kg）〉No.2（0.191 kg）〉No.8 （0.157 kg）. There was no significant difference in fresh weight per plant between No.6 and No.10, but extremely significant difference between No.6 and the control, No.10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their drying rate as follows： No.2 （32.641%）〉No.10 （32.230%）〉No.9 （28.223%）〉No.6 （25.174%）〉No.8（25.122%）〉No.11 （25.043%）〉No.1 （24.291%）〉No.4（20.234%）. The dry- ing rate of both No.6 and No.10 was higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their dry weight per plant as follows： No.10（0.082 kg）〉No.9（0.067 kg）〉No.6（0.064 kg）〉No.2（0.062 kg）〉No.1（0.056 kg）〉No.11 （0.052 kg）〉No.4 （0.049 kg）〉No.8 （0.039 kg）. The dry weight per plant of both No.6 and No.10 is higher than that of the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their allantoin content as follows No.6 （0.484%）〉No.4 （0.467%）〉 No.10 （0.399%）〉No.ll （0.386%）〉No.9 （0.378%）〉No.8 （0.350%）〉No.2 （0.342）〉No.1 （0.325%）. The allantoin content of No.6 was significantly higher than that of No.10 and the control. There was significant difference in allantoin content between No.6 and No.10, but no significant difference between No 10 and the control. The eight iron yam cultivars ranked in descending order of their extract content as follows No. 6（20.49%）〉No.2（16.01%）〉No.4（15.54%） 〉No. 10（15.35%）〉No. 1 （14.48%）〉No. 11 （14.10%） 〉No.9（13.88%）〉No.8（11.87%）. The extract content of No.6 exhibited extremely sig- nificant difference with that of No.10 and the control, and the extract content of No. 10 was also significantly different from that of the control. The taste of No.10 was dry, soft, floury, sweet and fragrant, better than that of the other seven cultivars. No.6 had the strongest resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and Cylindrosporium dioscoreae. No.10 had a middle resistance to G. pestis and a strong resistance to C. dioscoreae. No.6 and No.10 had higher contents of starch, reducing sugar, pro- tein and ash, lower water content and better nutrition quality than the control. [Conclusion] No.10 can be popularized as a new variety of edible iron yam, and No.6 as a new variety of medicinal iron yam.

分级阶段性饮食干预对老年吞咽障碍患者营养状况的影响

目的:探究分级阶段性饮食干预对老年吞咽障碍患者营养状况的影响。方法:选取2020年9月—2022年12月广西江滨医院收治的老年吞咽障碍患者100例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在常规护理基础上采用功能性经口摄食量表(FOIS)分级阶段性饮食干预。比较两组患者的护理效果与营养状况。结果:试验组护理总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.028);护理后,两组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白及血清总蛋白水平均升高,试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对老年吞咽障碍患者施以FOIS分级阶段性饮食干预有助于改善其经口摄食情况,还能显著提升其营养状况,具有较高的临床应用价值。