Curriculum Reform Practices in “Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology” Under the Perspective of Integration of Industry, Education, and Research

With the upgrading of industries,the cosmetics industry has posed new requirements for technical talents.As a professional core course in cosmetic technology,“Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology”serves as the foundation for cultivating students’abilities in cosmetic development and preparation.To foster high-quality skilled talents capable of adapting to the rapid growth of color cosmetics and to better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological industries with curriculum teaching,the teacher team embarked on active explorations and practical teaching research for curriculum teaching reform from four dimensions:strengthening top-level design,enriching teaching content,optimizing teaching design,and reforming assessment methods.These efforts have enhanced students’comprehensive vocational qualities and innovative consciousness,contributing to the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges under the integration of industry,education,and research.

Preparation of Potato Whole Flour and Its Effects on Quality of Flour Products: A Review

When harvested the potato has a high moisture content, this could make its transportation and storage difficult. To help solve the transportation difficulties, potato is made into whole flour by many food processing companies. Potato whole flour has high nutritional value and may be regarded as beneficial to human health and fitness. In addition to the direct use of potato whole flour,it can also be used as added ingredients into other food products. This study summarizes and analyzes the processing technology of potato whole flour and its application in noodle products.

Preparation of National CRMs of Active Compounds from Natural Products

According to the standard of GB/T1500.3-2008 and the guidelines of ISO/REMCO, the preparation of National Certified Reference Materials （CRMs） of active compounds was composed of the following two aspects： preparation and certification. This paper presents an example of the preparation of biochanin A to illustrate the preparation of National CRMs of active compounds from natural products. Firstly, the target compound was extracted and purified from crude materials. Then, its chemical structure was identified by UV spectrum, IR spectrum, ESI-MS, and NMR. The purity of the compound was determined by HPLC with the area normalization method. The certified value assessed by comparing the purity values from six independent qualified laboratories and the value of uncertainty were given. Thermal analysis, residual solvent, homogeneity testing and stability testing was tested in the process.

Application of Several Additives Instead of Antibiotics in the Production of Laying Hens

[ Objective ] The test was conducted to study the effect of three different additives instead of antibiotics in the production of laying hens. [ Method ] Basal diets in four test groups were added with 0. 015 % oxytetracycline, 0. 01% microecological preparation, 0.2% fulvic acid, and 0. 1% Chinese herbal medi- cine extract respectively, and laying hens in control group were fed with basal diets. Effect of four different additives on performance and egg quality were studied under the temperature of 28.6℃. [ Result] The average egg-laying rate and feed-egg ratio in groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly better than those in control group and group 1 （P 〈 0.05 ）. The contents of fat and cholesterol in eggs in groups 2, 3 and 4 were lower than those in control group and group 1. And the fat content of eggs in group 4 was 13.42% lower than that in control group, the difference was significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The protein contents in groups 2, 3 and 4 were signifi- cantly higher than those in control group and group 1 （P 〈 0.05 ）. [Condusion ] Microecological preparation, fulvic acid and Chinese herbal medicine extract could replace antibiotics to be applied in the production of laying hens.

Effect of Different Additive Combinations on Production Performance of Layer

To explore the effect of different additive combinations on double-low rapeseed cake （meal） utilization and layer production performance, we randomly divided 756 Roman brown shell layers around 50 weeks age into seven groups to detect production performance, of which group 1 was control group supplied with basic diet （added with 9% double-low rapeseed cake）, while groups 2 -7 were experimental groups added with Chinese herbal medicine, enzyme preparation, pro- biotics and peptide antibiotics in basic diet. The results showed that group 4 added with Chinese herbal medicine ＋ enzyme preparation ＋ peptide antibiotics re- ceived the best effect, resulting in significantly increased laying rate （70.50%, P 〈 0.05 ）, significantly reduced feed-egg ratio （2.46, P 〈 0.05 ）, and extremely increased egg Haugh unit （P 〈0.01 ）. This indicated that adding combination of Chinese herbal medicine ＋ enzyme preparation ＋ peptide antibiotics in layer bas- ic diet could improve egg production performance and egg quality of layers.

Effects of Fermented Nano Chinese Herbal Medicines Replacing Antibiotics on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[Objectives]To study the effects of fermented nano Chinese herbal medicines replacing antibiotics on the production performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.[Methods]200 healthy and disease-free Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire(DLY)growing-finishing pigs with similar birth time(45±2 d)and body weight of about 31.5 kg were randomly divided into group A(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet),group B(fed with antibiotic basal diet),group C(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.1%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation),group D(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.3%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation)and group E(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.5%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation).The experiment lasted for 90 d.At the end of the experiment,the production performance and carcass indicators were measured.[Results]Compared with group A,the final weight,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while the feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with group B,the ADG of group E was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the F/G was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the slaughter rate and carcass length of pigs in groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with group B,the slaughter rate of groups D and E was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation has better effects in promoting growth than that of antibiotic additives,and it can significantly improve the carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.

Production of Synthesis Gases from Ethanol Steam Reforming Process

In this study, the production of synthesis gases has been purposed under between 250oC - 700oC and 1 - 2 bars pressures. The research was conducted over a commercial BASF catalyst and a laboratory prepared catalyst. The catalyst has a content of different substances including basically NiO/Al2O3 and some additionals (Ca, Mg, Cr, Si). The experimental measurements were carried out within a recently developed experimental equipment which can be operated up to 1200o and 1 to 3 bars pressures. The study was conducted over a commercial BASF catalyst and a laboratory prepared catalyst under different ethanol/water ratios, temperatures, and catalyst loads. Under the condition when ethanol/water ratios were decreased from 1/2 to 1/10, it was observed that hydrogen ratios increased in exit gas composition of the reactor. With increments in catalyst loads from 1 to 5 grammes, hydrogen ratios in exit gas composition gradually increased. Reaction of ethanol-steam reforming started nearly at 300oC, and when temperature increments continued further up to 700oC, hydrogen yields in exit gas compositions of the reactor increased significantly to a range of 70% - 80%. In the case of using commercial BASF catalyst, hydrogen ratios in exit gas composition were found slightly higher than laboratory prepared catalyst. According to our observations, life time of laboratory prepared catalyst was found higher than the commercial BASF catalyst. In this study which kinetic measurements were applied, some kinetic parameters of ethanol-steam reaction were calculated. The mean activation energy of ethanol consumptions at 573oK - 973oK was found as 26.87 kJ/mol, approximately. All kinetic measurements were analyzed with a first order reaction rate model. In this study, some diffusion limitations existed, however, overall reaction was chemically controlled.

菌酶制剂对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标及免疫指标的影响

文章旨在分析不同水平菌酶制剂对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标和免疫指标的影响。试验将选择180头胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相近的泌乳奶牛随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头,分别为对照组、研究1组和研究2组,在人工干预下,对照组饲喂全混合日粮,研究1组和研究2组分别在全混合日粮中添加15和30 g/头/d菌酶制剂,研究结果表明:(1)研究2组的总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著高于研究1组和对照组(P<0.05);各组白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板、血红蛋白等血液生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)研究1组和研究2组免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素-10均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),研究1组和研究2组组间差异不显著(P>0.05);研究1组和研究2组肿瘤坏死因子α显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。经研究结果证实,在泌乳奶牛全混合日粮中添加菌酶制剂可以提高奶牛群免疫能力,综合考虑,以30 g/头/d菌酶制剂的添加量效果最为理想。

中国教师教育自主知识构建:意涵、进展与机制

强教必先强师,构筑基于自主知识的中国特色教师教育体系是中国当前的关键任务。在强调教师教育的科学性和学科性的基础之上,知识的涵义及其内在分析、外在整合的两条判定条件被界定,自主知识的意蕴从原创性、调适性和批判性三个方面得到阐明。自主知识的生产指向单个/份研究,涉及学术研究论文内部获得结论、生产知识的过程;自主知识的增长指代知识生成的纵切面,涉及不同学术研究之间如何互动、交流、迭代或递归。为了更清晰、具体、深入地呈现中国教师教育的研究进展、自主知识及其生产与增长情况,研究将教师教育划分为六个研究议题:目的与价值;招考、选拔与入口;师范生、教师教育者的素养;学习与发展;环境及其作用;系统。全文通过系统文献综述、内容分析与案例分析展开,所分析的文献主要是2011年《教师教育课程标准》颁布以来的科学研究,尤其是核心期刊论文与实证研究论文。在中国教师教育自主知识的生产与增长部分,政策、实践与理论三个驱动源对于该过程的影响被单独剖析,并以经典案例综合展现中国教师教育自主知识生成的驱动源、内在过程与动态机制。从当前中国教师教育自主知识构建的现状来看,已然有许多成果,整体上存在内在分析性强、外在整合性弱、演绎为主、归纳为辅、批判与否证不足的特征,未来还需在进一步解决教师教育领域长期面对的诸多核心问题的背景下持续走出独属于中国的教师教育科学建设之路。

短链氯化石蜡的分析方法研究进展

简要介绍了SCCPs的理化特性、全球生产和使用情况以及环境分布,系统综述了不同环境介质中SCCPs的萃取、净化方法和气相色谱—质谱法、二维气相色谱法、超高效液相色谱质谱法等仪器分析技术,为今后全面的评估SCCPs的生态健康暴露风险,进行污染物防治提供科学依据。

调理鸡肉中沙门氏菌污染状况调查及抗生素耐药监测

目的:了解近年来潍坊市调理鸡肉中沙门氏菌污染状况,并进行抗生素耐药监测,为食品安全风险评估、安全标准修订提供依据。方法:2023年采集潍坊市市售调理鸡肉35份,按照《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》(GB 4789.4-2016)进行沙门氏菌分离鉴定,采用微量肉汤法开展耐药性监测。结果:35份调理肉样品中共有11份检出沙门氏菌,总检出率为31.4%;耐药实验结果显示,调理肉中沙门氏菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性,对氨苄西林、链霉素、头孢唑啉的耐药率最高,分别为93.3%、73.3%和73.3%。结论:潍坊市市售调理鸡肉中存在沙门氏菌污染,分离株对多种抗生素耐药。

选煤厂生产线调度最优决策专家系统设计

为提升选煤工艺的运行效率、创造更多的企业效益,设计了一种生产线调度最优决策专家系统。采用多种终端等组件,构建网络连接子系统。采用传感器、采集器等不同设备,构建实时监测子系统。结合上位机与调度决策模块,组成移动调度子系统。以可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)控制程序与调度最优决策方案制定程序作为技术支持,根据最优决策的目标函数模型与约束条件,生成最优调度决策方案。试验结果表明,应用所设计系统,每吨煤炭的最长加工时间最小化至17.69 s,且用于调度的时间仅为17.13 s。由此证明:所设计系统运行速度较快;给出的决策方案完全符合调度目标;煤炭调度时间和加工时间均较短。该系统可行性与实时性优势显著。该设计能为企业创造较好的实践价值与经济效益。

酵母硒复合制剂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

为分析酵母硒复合制剂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。试验选取300羽28周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复15羽。对照组根据《海兰褐壳蛋鸡商品代饲养管理技术规程》(DB34/T1650~2012)配制基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂。预饲期7d,正试期60d。结果表明:(1)1~30d阶段,随着基础日粮中酵母硒复合制剂添加水平的提高,产蛋率有增加趋势(P <0.10)。31~60d阶段,与对照组相比,基础日粮添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均日产蛋重(P <0.05),且显著降低了蛋鸡的料蛋比(P <0.05)。(2)试验第30天,与对照组相比,基础日粮添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高蛋黄颜色(P <0.05)。试验第60天,与对照组相比,基础日粮添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高鸡蛋重量、蛋白高度(P <0.05),基础日粮添加100、200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂可显著提高了蛋黄颜色(P <0.05)。由此可见,基础日粮中添加200、300mg/kg酵母硒复合制剂均能提高蛋鸡生产性能,有效改善蛋品质。

湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品研究

为实现湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品,研究了湿基α-半水石膏陈化时间、粉磨时间、浇筑料浆温度及缓凝剂掺量等工艺参数对高强石膏凝结时间和强度的影响,并确定最佳制备工艺。此外,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等微观测试手段,揭示了各因素对强度的影响机理。结果表明:陈化时间越长,石膏凝结时间越短,制品强度越低;随着粉磨时间延长,石膏凝结时间显著缩短,制品强度先升高后降低;料浆温度越高,石膏凝结时间越长,制品强度越低。最佳制备工艺:陈化时间5 min、粉磨时间20 s、料浆温度20℃。在此基础上加入0.08%(质量分数)缓凝剂能够有效地延长石膏凝结时间并提高硬化强度,制备的石膏制品性能优异,绝干抗折强度为14.1 MPa,绝干抗压强度为58.3 MPa。微观测试结果表明,各工艺参数会通过改变石膏标稠用水量和水化进程来影响石膏内部结构的密实程度和二水石膏晶体的生长发育,最终影响制品硬化强度。

工业副产石膏制备高强石膏的方法及其应用技术

本文论述了高强石膏的制备方法,从高强石膏传统的制备工艺入手,分析了蒸压法(饱和蒸汽法)、常压盐/酸溶液法和加压盐/酸溶液法的优点及缺点,阐释了在高强石膏的制备过程中转晶剂的应用以及优化颗粒级配对提高α-半水石膏性能的重要性,论述了高强石膏的技术要求。在建材、模具铸造、航空航天、医疗以及美术制品等领域,高强石膏有非常广泛的应用,介绍了其出众的性能,最后讨论了水膏比对高强石膏硬化浆体强度的影响,以及高强石膏制品耐水性差的原因和解决方法。

复合微生态制剂对奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

为探究复合微生态制剂对萨能奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响,试验选取26头1~2胎次、日均产奶量(1.01±0.38)kg的萨能奶山羊,随机分为2组,每组13头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每头羊在基础饲粮中添加10 g/d复合微生态制剂。结果表明:试验组与对照组相比干物质采食量、产奶量、料奶比均无显著差异(P>0.05),体细胞、乳脂率、尿素氮和总固形物差异不显著(P>0.05),但乳蛋白在第21天和43天均有显著提高的趋势(P=0.094)和(P=0.069),非脂固形物在第21天和43天均有显著提高的趋势(P=0.082)和(P=0.070);血清生化中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等指标均差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖含量显著提高66.20%(P<0.05),尿素氮含量有降低的趋势(P=0.082);免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M无显著差异(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白A的含量显著提高25.06%(P<0.01),白细胞介素-1和白细胞介素-6的含量显著降低了33.23%和15.80%(P<0.01);血清中丙二醇含量显著降低16.16%(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶显著升高35.01%(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶显著提高15.08%(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力两组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,复合微生态制剂对奶山羊生产性能无不利影响,能提高奶山羊免疫和抗氧化性能,具有促进反刍动物健康的作用。

低聚木糖的制备、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

低聚木糖(xylo-oligosaccharide,XOS)又称木寡糖或寡聚糖,由2~7个木糖以β-1,4糖苷键首尾相连而成,是一类具有益生元活性的短链聚合物。XOS具有热值低、稳定性强等特点,在动物肠道内不易被消化酶识别和分解,但可被肠道内的有益菌分解利用。XOS来源广泛,无毒副作用,能够提高肠道内双歧杆菌活性。作为一种绿色功能性低聚糖,XOS在医药、农业、饲料、食品等方面均有广泛的应用。XOS具有抑菌、抗炎、调节血糖、抗氧化等生理功能,在动物生产中具有极大的应用潜力。文章结合国内外关于XOS的研究进展,对XOS制备方法进行了归纳总结,并结合其生理功能对其在动物生产上的实际应用进行综述,为XOS在动物生产中的合理利用提供参考。

低共熔溶剂在天然产物提取中的应用

随着人们环保意识的日益提高,许多行业在制造过程中从使用传统的有机溶剂逐渐过渡到更环保的溶剂。低共熔溶剂由于其低成本、可生物降解性和易于制备等特点,已经成为一类性质优异的绿色溶剂,具有广泛的应用价值。低共熔溶剂是由两种或两种以上组分组成的低共熔混合物,由于组分之间强烈的氢键作用,导致了低共熔溶剂的熔点显著降低,远低于单组分的熔点温度。本文综述了低共熔溶剂的分类,讨论了低共熔溶剂的各种制备方法、独特的物理化学性质和毒性。同时,本文介绍了近年来使用低共熔溶剂提取天然产物的研究,为全面了解低共熔溶剂在提取方面的应用提供思路和借鉴。

水产预制食品品质控制及智能监测技术研究进展

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