SR9009联合吲哚丙酸通过核因子κB信号通路减轻C2C12成肌细胞的炎症反应

背景:钟基因Rev-erbα参与调节炎症,但激活Rev-erbα会增加心脑血管疾病风险。为降低相关风险,探索Rev-erbα激动剂SR9009联合其他药物来减轻骨骼肌成肌细胞炎症,奠定治疗炎症相关性骨骼肌萎缩的理论基础。目的:探讨脂多糖刺激C2C12成肌细胞时吲哚丙酸、SR9009与核因子κB信号通路的关系。方法:①1μg/mL脂多糖刺激C2C12成肌细胞,RNA转录组测序结合KEGG通路富集分析信号通路。②CCK-8法检测C2C12成肌细胞活性,筛选吲哚丙酸的最佳给药浓度;然后将细胞分为空白对照组、脂多糖(1μg/mL)组、SR9009(10μmol/L)+脂多糖组、吲哚丙酸(80μmol/L)+脂多糖组、吲哚丙酸+SR9009+脂多糖组,ELISA检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素6水平,RT-qPCR检测白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、Toll样受体4、CD14 mRNA表达,Western blot检测NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达。③siRNA敲减Rev-erbα,RT-qPCR评估敲减效率,检测白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达。结果与结论:①与空白对照组比较,脂多糖时间依赖性抑制成肌细胞融合形成肌管,白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达水平升高,细胞上清液中白细胞介素6水平显著升高;KEGG通路分析支持脂多糖刺激激活核因子κB信号通路。②吲哚丙酸浓度>80μmol/L时抑制C2C12成肌细胞活性;吲哚丙酸和SR9009通过抑制核因子κB信号通路发挥抗炎作用,降低白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、Toll样受体4、CD14 mRNA表达水平,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达比值低于脂多糖组。SR9009联合吲哚丙酸显著降低脂多糖诱导的炎症,Toll样受体4、CD14、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达水平进一步下调,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达比值显著低于吲哚丙酸+脂多糖组和SR9009+脂多糖组。③Rev-erbα随脂多糖刺激时间依赖性升高;siRNA敲减Rev-erbα效率达58%以上,成功敲减Rev-erbα后添加脂多糖,白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达较脂多糖组显著上调。④结果说明,Rev-erbα可以作为调节炎症反应的靶点,SR9009靶向激活Rev-erbα联合吲哚丙酸能抑制核因子κB信号通路显著减轻C2C12成肌细胞的炎症反应,联合抗炎效果优于单独干预。

川陈皮素抑制BV2小胶质细胞炎症反应的机制

背景:有研究证实,川陈皮素可改善脂多糖诱导的小胶质细胞异常激活、炎症因子的过度释放和氧化还原失衡,但具体的作用机制尚不充分。目的:探讨川陈皮素抑制脂多糖诱导BV2小胶质细胞炎症反应的分子机制。方法:将第3代BV2小胶质细胞分3组处理:对照组常规培养24 h(不进行任何处理),脂多糖组加入10μg/mL脂多糖处理24 h,脂多糖+川陈皮素组加入20μmol/L川陈皮素处理6 h后加入10μg/mL脂多糖处理24 h。处理结束后,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,活性氧荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧水平,qRT-PCR法检测细胞内核因子κB p65、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1βmRNA表达,Western Blot法检测细胞内核因子κB p65、p-核因子κB p65、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达。结果与结论:(1)与对照组比较,脂多糖组细胞增殖活性降低(P<0.001);与脂多糖组比较,脂多糖+川陈皮素组细胞增殖活性升高(P<0.001);(2)与对照组比较,脂多糖组细胞内活性氧水平升高(P<0.001);与脂多糖组比较,脂多糖+川陈皮素组细胞内活性氧水平降低(P<0.01);(3)与对照组比较,脂多糖组细胞内肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1βmRNA表达升高(P<0.001,P<0.01);与脂多糖组比较,脂多糖+川陈皮素组细胞内肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1βmRNA表达降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);(4)与对照组比较,脂多糖组细胞内p-核因子κB p65、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达升高(P<0.001);与脂多糖组比较,脂多糖+川陈皮素组细胞内p-核因子κB p65、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达降低(P<0.001);(5)结果表明,川陈皮素可能通过抑制核因子κB信号通路减轻脂多糖诱导的BV2小胶质细胞炎症反应。

中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症:核转录因子κB信号通路的作用

背景:基于核转录因子κB通路探究神经炎症的靶向治疗越来越值得探究,中药靶点多、范围广、机制丰富及不良反应少等优点在治疗各类疾病时都具有十分巨大的潜力。目的:基于核转录因子κB信号通路,对近年研究中出现的山奈酚、红花黄、汉黄芩苷及雷公藤甲素等中药单体治疗脊髓损伤后神经炎症的研究进展进行系统的阐述与归纳。方法:以“脊髓损伤,炎症,抗炎,中药单体,单体化合物,NF-κB信号通路,黄酮,糖苷,酚类,酯类,生物碱”为检索词在中国知网数据库中进行检索;以“Spinal cord injury,inflammation,anti-inflammatory,traditional Chinese medicine monomer,monomeric compound,NF-κB signaling pathway,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,esters,alkaloids”为检索词在PubMed数据库中进行检索,最终共纳入67篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①核转录因子κB信号通路在神经系统中的作用复杂多样,能够调控中性粒细胞、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和巨噬细胞等,介导损伤后炎症的发生与发展;②中药单体如汉黄芩苷对核转录因子κB抑制蛋白的降解、红花黄素对核转录因子κB信号通路磷酸化过程的抑制、山奈酚对核转录因子κB信号通路p65核易位的抑制等作用可以降低炎症反应对机体造成的影响,从而促进神经功能恢复;③核转录因子κB信号通路在损伤早期能够促进炎症反应和免疫细胞迁移活化,在损伤中后期能够促进损伤部位的修复和纤维化的发生等,适当的激活核转录因子κB信号通路具有促进炎症因子的释放、提高细胞的抗氧化能力及促进免疫细胞的活化等能力,但过度激活的核转录因子κB信号通路则容易导致慢性炎症的发生和持续、细胞凋亡受到抑制等;④未来的研究可以进一步探索如何准确调控核转录因子κB信号通路的活化水平、如何实现对神经系统炎症和损伤的精准干预展开,也可围绕中药单体的制备及中药单体对信号通路的作用机制展开,以期为神经系统疾病的康复和功能恢复提供更有效的治疗策略。

The Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Nuclear Factor κB p65 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media

The role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media is explored. In recent years, the incidence of otitis media has been rising globally, becoming a significant threat to human health. More and more studies have found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as a member of the Toll-like receptor family, can promote the generation of inflammatory factors and is closely related to the body’s immune response and inflammatory response. Nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) is a nuclear transcription factor that can interact with various cytokines, growth factors, and apoptotic factors, participating in processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the body [1]. This article elaborates on the structure, function, and signaling pathways of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media, aiming to provide more precise targets and better therapeutic efficacy for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. The role of inflammation in disease.

Semaphorin 7A impairs barrier function in cultured human corneal epithelial cells in a manner dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B

●AIM:To evaluate the role of semaphorin 7A(Sema7A)and its associated regulatory mechanisms in modulating the barrier function of cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCEs).●METHODS:Barrier models of HCEs were treated with recombinant human Sema7A at concentrations of 0,125,250,or 500 ng/mL for 24,48,or 72h in vitro.Transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)as well as Dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)permeability assays were conducted to assess barrier function.To quantify tight junctions(TJs)such as occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)at the mRNA level,reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis was performed.Immunoblotting was used to examine the activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and the production of TJs proteins.Immunofluorescence analyses were employed to localize the TJs.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and RT-PCR were utilized to observe changes in interleukin(IL)-1βlevels.To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling activation and IL^(-1)βin Sema7A’s anti-barrier mechanism,we employed 0.1μmol/L IκB kinase 2(IKK2)inhibitor IV or 500 ng/mL IL^(-1)receptor(IL-1R)antagonist.●RESULTS:Treatment with Sema7A resulted in decreased TEER and increased permeability of Dextran-FITC in HCEs through down-regulating mRNA and protein levels of TJs in a time-and dose-dependent manner,as well as altering the localization of TJs.Furthermore,Sema7A stimulated the activation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha(IκBα)and expression of IL-1β.The anti-barrier function of Sema7A was significantly suppressed by treatment with IKK2 inhibitor IV or IL-1R antagonists.●CONCLUSION:Sema7A disrupts barrier function through its influence on NF-κB-mediated expression of TJ proteins,as well as the expression of IL-1β.These findings suggest that Sema7A could be a potential therapeutic target for the diseases in corneal epithelium.

Silencing of Jumonji domain-containing 1C inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via nuclear factor-κB signaling

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder induced by an imbalance between osteoclastic activity and osteogenic activity.During osteoporosis,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exhibit an increased ability to differentiate into adipocytes and a decreased ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,resulting in bone loss.Jumonji domain-containing 1C(JMJD1C)has been demonstrated to suppress osteoclastogenesis.AIM To examine the effect of JMJD1C on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and the potential underlying mechanism.METHODS BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues.Oil Red O staining,Alizarin red staining,alkaline phosphatase staining and the expression of adipo-genic and osteogenic-associated genes were assessed to determine the differen-tiation of BMSCs.Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)were incubated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaΒligand to induce osteoclast differentiation,and osteoclast differen-tiation was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.Other related genes were measured via reverse transcription coupled to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta.RESULTS The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from mouse bone marrow samples was evaluated.JMJD1C mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BMSCs after osteoblast induction,while p-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly altered.Knockdown of JMJD1C repressed osteogenic differentiation and enhanced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release in BMSCs.Moreover,JMJD1C expression decreased during BMM osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION The JMJD1C/NF-κB signaling pathway is potentially involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体影响牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖及凋亡

背景:miR-338-3p能够抑制破骨细胞分化,下调核因子κB受体活化因子配体水平能够促进骨形成。然而miR-338-3p是否通过调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达影响牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡尚不清楚。目的:探究miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体对牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及机制。方法:分离人牙槽骨成骨细胞,对其进行细胞转染及Wnt-C59(Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制剂)处理,分为转染对照组、miR-338-3p组、miR-338-3p+对照组、miR-338-3p+核因子κB受体活化因子配体组和miR-338-3p+Wnt-C59组。双荧光素酶实验验证miR-338-3p对核因子κB受体活化因子配体的调控作用;CCK-8、EdU染色检测细胞增殖水平;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡水平;RT-qPCR检测细胞miR-338-3p、核因子κB受体活化因子配体、Wnt-3a、β-catenin、糖原合酶激酶3βmRNA表达水平;Western Blot检测细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体、增殖细胞核抗原、Ki67、细胞周期蛋白D1、Bcl-2、Bax、天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、Wnt-3a、β-catenin、糖原合酶激酶3β蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:①miR-338-3p靶向调控核因子κB受体活化因子配体;②过表达miR-338-3p后,细胞存活率、EdU阳性细胞率、S期细胞比例升高,细胞凋亡率降低,miR-338-3p、增殖细胞核抗原、Ki67、细胞周期蛋白D1、Bcl-2、Wnt-3a、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白水平升高,Bax、天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、核因子κB受体活化因子配体、糖原合酶激酶3βmRNA和蛋白水平降低(均P<0.05);③过表达核因子κB受体活化因子配体或Wnt-C59处理能够减弱过表达miR-338-3p对细胞增殖、凋亡的影响(均P<0.05);④结果表明,miR-338-3p靶向核因子κB受体活化因子配体表达可促进牙槽骨成骨细胞增殖,并抑制细胞凋亡,其可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路发挥作用。

Pharmacological targeting cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis by tryptanthrin induces microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype and promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury

The M1/M2 phenotypic shift of microglia after spinal cord injury plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation during the secondary injury phase of spinal cord injury.Regulation of shifting microglia polarization from M1(neurotoxic and proinflammatory type)to M2(neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory type)after spinal cord injury appears to be crucial.Tryptanthrin possesses an anti-inflammatory biological function.However,its roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we found that tryptanthrin inhibited microglia-derived inflammation by promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype in vitro.Tryptanthrin promoted M2 polarization through inactivating the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway.Additionally,we found that targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway with tryptanthrin shifted microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury,inhibited neuronal loss,and promoted tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.Finally,using a conditional co-culture system,we found that microglia treated with tryptanthrin suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuronal apoptosis.Taken together,these results suggest that by targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis,tryptanthrin attenuates microglia-derived neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through shifting microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype.

Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia decreases neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury

Microglia,the resident monocyte of the central nervous system,play a crucial role in the response to spinal cord injury.However,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate the neuroinflammatory response to spinal cord injury,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis,focusing on changes in microglial subpopulations.We found that the MG1 subpopulation emerged in the acute/subacute phase of spinal cord injury and expressed genes related to cell pyroptosis,sphingomyelin metabolism,and neuroinflammation at high levels.Subsequently,we established a mouse model of contusive injury and performed intrathecal injection of siRNA and molecular inhibitors to validate the role of ceramide synthase 5 in the neuroinflammatory responses and pyroptosis after spinal cord injury.Finally,we established a PC12-BV2 cell co-culture system and found that ceramide synthase 5 and pyroptosis-associated proteins were highly expressed to induce the apoptosis of neuron cells.Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in a mouse model of spinal cord injury effectively reduced pyroptosis.Furthermore,ceramide synthase 5-induced pyroptosis was dependent on activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway.Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia in vivo reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted recovery of neurological function.Pla2g7 formed a“bridge”between sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide synthase 5-mediated cell death by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway.Collectively,these findings suggest that inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia after spinal cord injury effectively suppressed microglial pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology,cognition,and behavior in APP/PS1 mice

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

尿石素B对骨髓来源巨噬细胞向破骨细胞分化的调控机制

背景:尿石素B在机体免疫应答中起重要调节作用,具备抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌的特性,并能抑制Raw 264.7细胞向破骨细胞分化,但其对于骨髓来源的巨噬细胞向破骨细胞分化的具体作用及机制尚未阐明。系统性研究破骨细胞过度活化的调控机制,有助于探索新的治疗靶点,筛选研发更安全、有效的治疗药物,为阻断破骨细胞过度活化提供新思路。目的:利用骨髓来源的巨噬细胞建立体外破骨细胞分化模型,探究尿石素B对核因子κB受体活化因子配体介导破骨细胞分化的影响,并系统性分析其作用机制。方法:(1)采用CCK-8法筛选尿石素B干预骨髓来源巨噬细胞的安全工作浓度;(2)用不同浓度(0,12.5,25,50μmol/L)尿石素B干预骨髓来源的巨噬细胞向破骨细胞分化,进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色观察破骨细胞的数目及面积大小;(3)不同浓度(0,12.5,25,50μmol/L)尿石素B干预骨髓来源巨噬细胞的破骨分化,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测破骨特异性基因的相对表达水平;(4)蛋白印迹实验观察尿石素B对骨髓来源巨噬细胞P65、ERK信号通路的影响;(5)蛋白印迹实验检测尿石素B对骨髓来源巨噬细胞的破骨分化关键转录因子活化T细胞核因子1和c-Fos的影响。结果与结论:(1)50μmol/L及以下浓度的尿石素B对骨髓来源巨噬细胞的增殖无影响,能显著抑制骨髓来源巨噬细胞的破骨分化;(2)尿石素B主要在破骨形成前中期抑制骨髓来源巨噬细胞的破骨分化;(3)尿石素B可下调骨髓来源巨噬细胞中破骨特异性基因的相对表达水平;(4)50μmol/L的尿石素B抑制骨髓来源巨噬细胞的P65和ERK磷酸化水平,进而抑制破骨细胞形成;(5)50μmol/L的尿石素B抑制骨髓来源的巨噬细胞中破骨分化关键转录因子活化T细胞核因子1和c-Fos的表达;(6)提示尿石素B通过P65/ERK信号轴下调破骨关键转录因子活化T细胞核因子1、c-Fos的表达,抑制下游破骨特异性基因的表达,从而抑制骨髓来源的巨噬细胞向破骨细胞分化。

核因子NF-κ_B与肝纤维化的关系研究现状

核转录因子-kB与肝纤维化的关系日益受到人们的关注。NF-kB能通过调控炎症因子和抗炎因子表达增加或减少来影响肝脏炎症反应的损伤修复,从而影响肝纤维化的发展,NF-kB还明显影响肝细胞和肝星状细胞的凋亡。目前已有多种NF-kB抑制剂用于治疗肝纤维化的研究。此文对NF-kB在肝纤维化时的作用以及抑制其活性的药物作一综述。

左归降糖舒心方调控TLR4/NF-κB通路抑制糖尿病心肌病小鼠心肌纤维化的机制研究

目的 基于Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)/核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路探讨左归降糖舒心方对糖尿病心肌病MKR小鼠心肌纤维化及炎症因子的影响。方法 以8周龄雄性MKR小鼠为实验对象,采用高脂饮食联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)40 mg/kg构建糖尿病心肌病模型,随机分为中药高剂量组[33.67 g/(kg·d)左归降糖舒心方2 g/mL]、中药低剂量组[16.84 g/(kg·d)左归降糖舒心方2 g/mL]、西药联合组[0.23 g/(kg·d)二甲双胍联合1.5 mg/(kg·d)依那普利]和模型组(等容量蒸馏水);另设FVB小鼠为空白对照组(等容量蒸馏水)。每组10只,连续给药8周后取材。收集尾静脉血液检测空腹血糖水平;采用HE、Masson染色观察心肌病理改变,电镜观察心肌组织超微结构变化;采用ELISA检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)含量;采用Western blot法检测TLR4、NF-κB p56、p-NF-κB p56/NF-κB p56蛋白表达情况;RT-qPCR及Western blot检测小鼠心肌组织Ⅰ型胶原(collagen type I,CollagenⅠ)、Ⅲ型胶原(collagen typeⅢ,CollagenⅢ)及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)的表达水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠空腹血糖及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β含量增高(P<0.01);心肌细胞结构紊乱,胶原含量增加,心肌细胞重度退行性变;心肌组织中TLR4、NF-κB p56、p-NF-κB p56/NF-κB p56蛋白表达上调(P<0.01),CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ、α-SMA mRNA及蛋白表达增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),中药高剂量组小鼠心肌组织CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ蛋白表达增加(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,中药高、低剂量组和西药联合组小鼠空腹血糖及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β含量均降低(P<0.01);心肌结构改善,胶原沉积减少;心肌组织中TLR4、NF-κB p56、p-NF-κB p56/NF-κB p56蛋白表达下调(P<0.01),CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ、α-SMA蛋白及mRNA表达下调(P<0.01)。与西药联合组比较,中药低剂量组小鼠空腹血糖及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β含量均升高(P<0.01),心肌结构无明显改善,胶原沉积无显著减少;心肌组织中TLR4、NF-κB p56、p-NF-κB p56/NF-κB p56蛋白表达上调(P<0.01),CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ、α-SMA蛋白及mRNA表达上调(P<0.01)。结论 左归降糖舒心方能抑制心肌炎性反应、改善心肌细胞结构,其作用机制可能与调控TLR4/NF-κB通路、下调细胞炎症因子表达、抑制心肌纤维化有关。

白细胞介素6与核因子κB对胰腺癌的诊断价值及其与临床病理分期的关系研究

目的探究白细胞介素6(IL-6)、核因子κB(NF-κB)对胰腺癌的诊断价值及其与胰腺癌临床病理分期的关系。方法收集2019年6月至2022年6月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的68例胰腺癌患者作为病例组,60例同期于本院门诊健康体检者作为对照组。检测2组受试者血清中IL-6、NF-κB的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析IL-6、NF-κB表达对胰腺癌诊断的价值;比较不同临床病理分期患者血清IL-6、NF-κB水平的表达差异。结果病例组患者血清IL-6和NF-κB水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[IL-6:16.33(8.41,67.41)ng/L比6.15(5.55,7.33)ng/L,Z=6.109,P<0.001;NF-κB:449.52(230.37,568.28)ng/L比150.35(126.48,167.30)ng/L,Z=5.463,P<0.001]。IL-6、NF-κB诊断胰腺癌ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.813±0.041、0.920±0.024,联合检测的AUC为0.923±0.024。T_(3)、T_(4)期胰腺癌患者血清IL-6、NF-κB水平与T_(1)、T_(2)期患者比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。血清IL-6、NF-κB水平随着淋巴结转移程度(N_(0)~N_(2))的增高而增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且N_(1)、N_(2)期胰腺癌患者血清IL-6、NF-κB水平与N_(0)期患者相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。远处转移胰腺癌患者(M_(1))的血清IL-6、NF-κB水平高于未远处转移的患者(M_(0)),差异有统计学意义(P=0.024)。结论血清IL-6、NF-κB可以作为胰腺癌早期诊断、临床病理分期的血清学标志物,其可能与胰腺癌的发生、发展密切相关。

黄芪阳和汤调控PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路促进糖尿病足溃疡大鼠创面愈合

目的基于磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路探究黄芪阳和汤对糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)大鼠创面愈合的影响。方法构建DFU大鼠模型,将建模成功的48只大鼠随机分为模型组,黄芪阳和汤低(8.5 g/kg)、高(17 g/kg)剂量组,黄芪阳和汤高剂量(17 g/kg)+LY294002(PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂,0.3 mg/kg)组;每组12只;另取12只大鼠为对照组。各组大鼠给予对应药物干预,连续4周。第14、28天给药后,观察大鼠一般状态及创面变化,计算创面愈合率,检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)水平和大鼠创面周围组织经皮氧分压(TcpO2);酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6水平;苏木素-伊红染色观察大鼠创面组织病理学变化;免疫组织化学染色测定大鼠创面组织微血管密度;蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠创面组织中PI3K、磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)、AKT、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)、NF-κB p65、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)、NF-κB抑制蛋白α(IκB-α)蛋白表达。结果对照组大鼠毛色光滑,饮食、饮水、排泄均正常,较活跃,创面愈合快,创面组织炎症反应较轻,新生血管较多,肉芽组织中成纤维细胞及胶原基质丰富;模型组大鼠毛色暗淡无光泽,活动减少,且出现多饮、多食、多尿症状,创面颜色较深,且周围组织出现水肿、溃疡,创面组织可见大量炎性细胞浸润,伴组织坏死、渗出,新生血管及成纤维细胞较少,创面愈合率、创面周围组织TcpO2、血清VEGF、HIF-1α、创面组织微血管密度、p-PI3K、p-AKT、IκB-α蛋白表达水平降低,FBG、血清CRP、IL-6、创面组织p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,黄芪阳和汤低、高剂量组大鼠状态逐渐改善,创面组织病变程度依次减轻,创面愈合率、创面周围组织TcpO2、血清VEGF、HIF-1α、创面组织微血管密度、p-PI3K、p-AKT、IκB-α蛋白表达水平依次升高,FBG、血清CRP、IL-6、创面组织p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达依次降低(P<0.05);LY294002能部分逆转高剂量黄芪阳和汤对DFU大鼠的治疗作用(P<0.05)。结论黄芪阳和汤能调控PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路,抑制DFU大鼠炎症反应,促进血管新生,从而促进创面愈合。

HMGB1基因敲除通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路减轻脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤

目的 研究高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)基因敲除减轻脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤及抑制Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路的作用。方法 野生型(WT)小鼠分为WT-Sham组和WT-模型组,HMGB1基因敲除(KO)小鼠分为KO-Sham组和KO-模型组。WT-模型组和KO-模型组采用盲肠结扎穿孔术制备脓毒症ALI模型,WT-Sham组和KO-Sham组进行假手术操作。造模后24 h,检测动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2)),计算氧合指数(OI),检测肺组织病理改变,计算肺损伤评分,检测血清及肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、活性氧簇(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的浓度,肺组织中HMGB1、TLR4、核NF-κB的表达。结果 WT-模型组的PaO_(2)、OI、血清及肺组织SOD的浓度低于WT-Sham组,肺损伤评分、血清及肺组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、ROS、MDA的浓度、肺组织中HMGB1、TLR4、核NF-κB的表达水平高于WT-Sham组(P<0.05);KO-模型组肺组织中不表达HMGB1,PaO_(2)、OI、血清及肺组织SOD的浓度高于WT-模型组,肺损伤评分、血清及肺组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、ROS、MDA的浓度、肺组织中TLR4、核NF-κB的表达水平低于WT-模型组(P<0.05)。结论敲除HMGB1减轻脓毒症小鼠ALI,相关的分子机制可能是抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路介导的炎症反应和氧化应激反应。

五味子乙素通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺部损伤的影响

目的:探讨五味子乙素通过Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠肺部损伤的影响。方法:取SD大鼠,通过胆胰管内逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠方法诱导建立AP肺损伤模型,经随机数表法分为模型组、五味子乙素组、TLR4过表达载体组、TLR4空载组、五味子乙素+TLR4过表达载体组,每组12只大鼠,再取12只SD大鼠仅翻动肠管不注射5%牛磺胆酸钠,作为假手术组。以药物分别干预大鼠后,检测各组大鼠肺功能及各组大鼠腹水量与肺组织湿重/干重(W/D);HE染色检测各组大鼠肺组织病理形态并评分;检测各组大鼠动脉血气;全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清淀粉酶,ELISA检测炎症细胞因子IL-6、IL-18水平;蛋白免疫印迹法检测肺组织TLR4/NF-κB通路蛋白表达;免疫组织化学染色检测肺组织TLR4蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肺组织出现病理损伤改变,模型组大鼠MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI显著降低(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组、五味子乙素+TLR4过表达载体组分别相比,五味子乙素组大鼠肺组织病理损伤改变程度均减轻,MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI均升高(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平均降低(P<0.05);TLR4过表达载体组大鼠肺组织病理损伤改变程度均加重,MV、PEF、PaO_(2)、OI均降低(P<0.05),Ri、腹水量与W/D、PaCO_(2)、Holfbauer评分、血清淀粉酶、IL-6与IL-18水平、肺组织TLR4阳性细胞比例、TLR4与MYD88蛋白表达、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65水平均升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,TLR4空载组大鼠各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:五味子乙素可通过下调TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,抑制炎症,减轻AP大鼠肺部损伤,修复肺功能。

(+)-丁香树脂酚通过NF-κB信号调节三阴性乳腺癌细胞生长和转移的实验研究

目的:探讨(+)-丁香树脂酚[(+)-Syringaresinol]对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)细胞生长和转移的影响,分析其对核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号的影响。方法:根据(+)-丁香树脂酚处理浓度将MDA-MB-231细胞分为0μM组、2μM组、4μM组、8μM组、16μM组、32μM组、64μM组和128μM组。使用相应浓度的(+)-丁香树脂酚孵育各组MDA-MB-231细胞48 h。MTT法检测细胞增殖及(+)-丁香树脂酚半抑制浓度(IC50)值。Annexin V-FITC/PI试剂盒检测细胞凋亡。Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭。qRT-PCR检测Bax、Bcl-2、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、E-cadherin、N-cadherin和Vimentin mRNA相对表达量。Western blot检测NF-κB p65磷酸化水平。结果:与0μM组相比,2~128μM组的MDA-MB-231细胞的生长抑制率升高(P<0.05)。(+)-丁香树脂酚对MDA-MB-231细胞的IC50值为25.24μmol/L。与0μM组相比,2~128μM组的MDA-MB-231细胞的凋亡率升高,Bax mRNA相对表达量升高,Bcl-2 mRNA相对表达量降低,迁移和侵袭数量降低,MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA相对表达量降低,E-cadherin mRNA相对表达量升高,N-cadherin和Vimentin的mRNA相对表达量降低,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量降低(P<0.05)。结论:(+)-丁香树脂酚抑制了TNBC细胞的生长和转移并呈浓度依赖性,(+)-丁香树脂酚的抗TNBC作用可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路的活化有关。

三黄益肾胶囊调控NF-κB信号通路减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠炎症反应的机制研究

目的:旨在探究三黄益肾胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)可能的炎症反应机制。方法:按照随机数字表法将60只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、厄贝沙坦组及三黄益肾低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠用高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射建立DN模型。正常组和模型组给予生理盐水2 mL灌胃;厄贝沙坦组给予厄贝沙坦11.51 mg/kg灌胃;三黄益肾低、中、高剂量组分别给予三黄益肾胶囊0.41、0.81、1.62 g/kg灌胃。各组大鼠均1次/d,连续给药4周。比较各组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、体质量、24 h尿白蛋白、肾功能指标、肾组织病理学变化、肾组织抗氧化相关指标(SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA水平)、肾组织炎症介质[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]、肾组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肾组织CD68、CC趋化因子受体2(CCR2)表达、肾组织CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、NF-κB P65、p-NF-κB P65、IκB、p-IκB表达。结果:与模型组比较,各三黄益肾胶囊组大鼠体质量高,FBG、血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)及24 h尿蛋白水平低,肾脏组织病理变化减轻,三肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性高,MDA水平低,IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平低,肾组织中iNOS水平低,肾组织CCR2与CD68共定位水平低,CCL2、p-NF-κB P65、p-IκB蛋白表达低。结论:三黄益肾胶囊治疗DN的机制可能与抑制肾组织中NF-κB信号通路激活,减轻肾脏氧化应激及炎症反应有关。

单核细胞Toll样受体和核因子-κB水平与2型糖尿病患者自主神经病变的相关性

目的探讨单核细胞中Toll样受体(TLR)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者自主神经病变的相关性。方法选择2021年4月至2022年12月濮阳市人民医院收治的112例T2DM患者为观察组,另选择同期在本院进行体检的50例健康志愿者为对照组。采用反转录聚合酶链反应检测2组受试者血浆单核细胞中TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB表达水平。根据是否并发有自主神经病变将观察组患者分为自主神经病变组(n=46)和无自主神经病变组(n=66),比较2组患者的临床资料,将差异有统计学意义的指标进一步行多因素logistic回归来分析T2DM患者发生自主神经病变的危险因素;采用Spearman相关分析TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB表达水平与T2DM患者发生自主神经病变的相关性。结果观察组患者单核细胞中TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,自主神经病变组与无自主神经病变组患者的年龄、单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白比值(MHR)及胱抑素C、TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MHR、TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB是T2DM患者发生自主神经病变的危险因素(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB水平与T2DM患者发生自主神经病变呈正相关(r=0.825、0.822、0.819,P<0.05)。结论TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB在T2DM患者中表达上调,TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB表达水平与T2DM患者自主神经病变有关。