Qingyi decoction attenuates intestinal epithelial cell injury via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells pathway

BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is a significant contributing factor to the development of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).A stable intestinal mucosa barrier functions as a major anatomic and functional barrier,owing to the balance between intestinal epithelial cell(IEC)proliferation and apoptosis.There is some evidence that calcium overload may trigger IEC apoptosis and that calcineurin(CaN)/nuclear factor of activated Tcells(NFAT)signaling might play an important role in calcium-mediated apoptosis.AIM To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Qingyi decoction(QYD)in SAP.METHODS A rat model of SAP was created via retrograde infusion of sodium deoxycholate.Serum levels of amylase,tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,D-lactic acid,and diamine oxidase(DAO);histological changes;and apoptosis of IECs were examined in rats with or without QYD treatment.The expression of the two subunits of CaN and NFAT in intestinal tissue was measured via quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.For in vitro studies,Caco-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and QYD serum,and then cell viability and intracellular calcium levels were detected.RESULTS Retrograde infusion of sodium deoxycholate increased the severity of pancreatic and intestinal pathology and the levels of serum amylase,TNF-α,and IL-6.Both the indicators of intestinal mucosa damage(D-lactic acid and DAO)and the levels of IEC apoptosis were elevated in the SAP group.QYD treatment reduced the serum levels of amylase,TNF-α,IL-6,D-lactic acid,and DAO and attenuated the histological findings.IEC apoptosis associated with SAP was ameliorated under QYD treatment.In addition,the protein expression levels of the two subunits of CaN were remarkably elevated in the SAP group,and the NFATc3 gene was significantly upregulated at both the transcript and protein levels in the SAP group compared with the control group.QYD significantly restrained CaN and NFATc3 gene expression in the intestine,which was upregulated in the SAP group.Furthermore,QYD serum significantly decreased the LPS-induced elevation in intracellular free Ca^(2+)levels and inhibited cell death.CONCLUSION QYD can exert protective effects against intestinal mucosa damage caused by SAP and the protective effects are mediated,at least partially,by restraining IEC apoptosis via the CaN/NFATc3 pathway.

Aberrant activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell 2 in lamina propria mononuclear cells in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To investigate the role of nuclear factor of activated T cell 2(NFAT2),the major NFAT protein in peripheral T cells,in sustained T cell activation and intractable inflammation in human ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS:We used two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis, immunohistochemistry,double immunohistochemical staining,and confocal microscopy to inspect the expression of NFAT2 in 107,15,48 and 5 cases of UC, Crohn's disease(CD),non-specific colitis,and 5 healthy individuals,respectively. RESULTS:Up-regulation with profound nucleo- translocation/activation of NFAT2 of lamina propria mononuclear cells(LPMC)of colonic mucosa was found specifically in the affected colonic mucosa from patients with UC,as compared to CD or NC(P<0.001,Kruskal- Wallis test).Nucleo-translocation/activation of NFAT2 primarily occurred in CD8+T,but was less prominent in CD4+T cells or CD20+B cells.It was strongly associated with the disease activity,including endoscopic stage (τ=0.2145,P=0.0281)and histologic grade(τ=0.4167, P<0.001). CONCLUSION:We disclose for the first time the nucleo-translocation/activatin of NFAT2 in lamina propria mononuclear cells in ulcerative colitis.Activation of NFAT2 was specific for ulcerative colitis and highly associated with disease activity.Since activation of NFAT2is implicated in an auto-regulatory positive feedback loop of sustained T-cell activation and NFAT proteins play key roles in the calcium/calcineurin signaling pathways,our results not only provide new insights into the mechanism for sustained intractable inflammation,but also suggest the calcium-calcineurin/NFAT pathway as a new therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.

Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.

Emerging trends and hotspots of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in nervous system diseases

BACKGROUND The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)transcription factor has attracted much attention in the context of neurological diseases.However,none of the studies have systematically clarified this field's research hotspots and evolution rules.AIM To investigate the research hotspots,evolution patterns,and future research trends in this field in recent years.METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the Web of Science Core Collection database using the following methods:(((((TS=(NFE2 L2))OR TS=(Nfe2 L2 protein,mouse))OR TS=(NF-E2-Related Factor 2))OR TS=(NRF2))OR TS=(NFE2L2))OR TS=(Nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2)AND(((((((TS=(neurological diseases))OR TS=(neurological disorder))OR TS=(brain disorder))OR TS=(brain injury))OR TS=(central nervous system disease))OR TS=(CNS disease))OR TS=(central nervous system disorder))OR TS=(CNS disorder)AND Language=English from 2010 to 2022.There are just two forms of literature available:Articles and reviews.Data were processed with the software Cite-Space(version 6.1.R6).RESULTS We analyzed 1884 articles from 200 schools in 72 countries/regions.Since 2015,the number of publications in this field has increased rapidly.China has the largest number of publications,but the articles published in the United States have better centrality and H-index.Among the top ten authors with the most published papers,five of them are from China,and the author with the most published papers is Wang Handong.The institution with the most articles was Nanjing University.To their credit,three of the top 10 most cited articles were written by Chinese scholars.The keyword co-occurrence map showed that"oxidative stress","NRF2","activation","expression"and"brain"were the five most frequently used keywords.CONCLUSION Research on the role of NRF2 in neurological diseases continues unabated.Researchers in developed countries published more influential papers,while Chinese scholars provided the largest number of articles.There have been numerous studies on the mechanism of NRF2 transcription factor in neurological diseases.NRF2 is also emerging as a potentially effective target for the treatment of neurological diseases.However,despite decades of research,our knowledge of NRF2 transcription factor in nervous system diseases is still limited.Further studies are needed in the future.

Receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis and vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcifications are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） and contri-bute to the excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates observed in these patients populations. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, recent evidence suggests a link between bone metabolism and the development and progression of vascular calcifications. Moreover, accumulating data indicate that receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis which plays essential roles in the regulation of bone metabolism is also involved in extra-osseous bone formation. Further studies are required to establish the prognostic significance of the above biomarkers as predictors of the presence and severity of vascular calcifications in CKD patients and of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify whether inhibition of osteoclast activity will protect from vascular calcifcations.

Effect of Triptolide on Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Rat Adjuvant Induced Arthritis

The effect of triptolide （TP） on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） was explored in rat adjuvant induced arthritis （AA）. AA was induced in Wistar rats. Arthritis rats were treated with TP and methotrexate （MTX） at the onset （day 9） of arthritis. On the peak of arthritis （day 24）, the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the joints and RANKL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was detected. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in peripheral blood were determined. Bone erosion scores were also evaluated. The results showed that bone erosion scores in TP and MTX groups were lower than in AA group （.P〈0.01） ; The expression levels of RANKL in the synovium （P〈0.01） and bone （P〈0.05）, and OPG level in synovium （P〈0.05） were lower in TP group than in AA group （P〈0.05）. In TP group, the expression levels of RANKL mRNA and TNF-α, IL-1β in PBMC were lower than in AA group （all P〈0.01）. It was concluded that TP could inhibit rat adjuvant arthritis bone erosion by suppressing the expression of RANKL.

Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)in cultured human periodontal ligament(HPDL)cells.Methods Small interfering RNA(siRNA)eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor(TGF-β RⅡ)was constructed and transfected into T cells.HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and baicalin.The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components(group Ⅰ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1;group Ⅲ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin;group Ⅳ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells;group Ⅴ:HPDL cells+baicalin;group Ⅵ:HPDL cells)and was cultured for 48 hours.RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells.Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.01)and higher than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.01);The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.05).Conclusion ① Baicalin could decrease the ratio of RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells.② The TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.③ Baicalin acts not only through TGF-β to regulate RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells,but also through other pathways.

Nuclear factor kappa B: A marker of chemotherapy for human stage Ⅳ gastric carcinoma

AIM： To detect the nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） condition in human stage IV gastric carcinoma patients and to explore the correlation between NF-κB activation and survival of these patients after chemotherapy. METHODS： Expression of NF-κB-p65 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Activity of NF-κB DNA-binding in carcinoma tissue was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to show the relation between NF-κB and progression-free survival （PFS） or overall survival （OS） of the patients. RESULTS： The positive expression rate of NF-κB-p65 in 60 gastric cancer tissue samples was 76.7% （46160）. The expression of NF-κB-p65 was reduced in adjacent carcinoma and normal tissue samples. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） analysis showed a strong activation of NF-κB in cancer tissue samples. A survival difference was found in NF-κB-p65 positive and negative patients. NF-κB-p65 expression was negative in cancer tissue samples （n = 14）. PFS was 191.40 ± 59.88 d and 152.93 ±16.99 d, respectively, in patients with positive NF-κB-p65 expression （n = 46） （P = 0.4028）. The survival time of patients with negative and positive NF-κB-p65 expression was 425.16 ±61.61 d and 418.85 ±42.98 d, respectively （P = 0.7303）. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in PFS or OS. The 46 patient tissue which positive NF-κB-p65 expression was found in the tissue samples from the 46 patients whose PFS and OS were 564.89 ± 75.94 d and s 352.37 ±41.32 d, respectively （P = 0.0165）. CONCLUSION： NF-κB is activated in gastric carcinoma tissue, which is related to the OS after chemotherapy.

Magnolol protects against acute gastrointestinal injury in sepsis by down-regulating regulated on activation,normal T-cell expressed and secreted

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a major medical challenge.Magnolol is an active constituent of Houpu that improves tissue function and exerts strong anti-endotoxin and anti-inflammatory effects,but the mechanism by which it reduces intestinal inflammation in sepsis is yet unclear.AIM To assess the protective effect of magnolol on intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in sepsis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and regulated on activation,normal T-cell expressed and secreted(RANTES)levels in serum and ileal tissue in animal studies.The histopathological changes of the ileal mucosa in different groups were observed under a microscope.Cell Counting Kit-8 and cell permeability assays were used to determine the concentration of drug-containing serum that did not affect the activity of Caco2 cells but inhibited lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced decrease in permeability.Immunofluorescence and Western blot assays were used to detect the levels of RANTES,inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinaseβ(IKKβ),phosphorylated IKKβ(p-IKKβ),inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinaseα(IκBα),p65,and p-p65 proteins in different groups in vitro.RESULTS In rats treated with LPS by intravenous tail injection in the presence or absence of magnolol,magnolol inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin a dose-dependent manner.In addition,magnolol suppressed the production of RANTES in LPS-stimulated sepsis rats.Moreover,in vitro studies suggested that magnolol inhibited the increase of p65 nucleation,thereby markedly downregulating the production of the phosphorylated form of IKKβin LPS-treated Caco2 cells.Specifically,magnolol inhibited the translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)from the cytosol into the nucleus and down-regulated the expression level of the chemokine RANTES in LPS-stimulated Caco2 cells.CONCLUSION Magnolol down-regulates RANTES levels by inhibiting the LPS/NF-κB signaling pathways,thereby suppressing IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αexpression to alleviate the mucosal barrier dysfunction in sepsis.

松果菊苷对尿毒症大鼠肾损伤的影响及机制

目的研究松果菊苷(ECH)对尿毒症(URE)大鼠肾损伤的影响及机制。方法采用5/6肾切除法建立URE大鼠模型。建模成功的大鼠分为尿毒症(URE)组、ECH低剂量[10 mg/(kg·d)]组、ECH中剂量组[20 mg/(kg·d)]、ECH高剂量组[40 mg/(kg·d)]和ECH高剂量+茴香霉素[p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)信号通路激活剂]组[ECH-H+Ani组,40 mg/(kg·d)ECH+2 mg/(kg·d)茴香霉素],另设假手术组,每组12只。各药物组灌胃相应的ECH,ECH-H+Ani组再尾静脉注射茴香霉素,每天1次,连续给药8周。检测大鼠血清中肿瘤细胞因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、血尿素氮(BUN)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血肌酐(Scr)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平,24 h尿蛋白(24 h UP)和肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;观察肾组织病理学变化;检测大鼠肾组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E-上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)阳性表达率和p38 MAPK、核因子κB(NF-κB)p65的磷酸化水平。结果与URE组相比,ECH各剂量组大鼠肾小球肿胀及上皮细胞损伤坏死明显减轻,炎症细胞浸润明显减少;肾损伤评分和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、BUN、Scr、β2-MG、24 h UP、NGAL、KIM-1、Cys-C、MDA水平及α-SMA阳性表达率、p38 MAPK和NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平均呈剂量依赖性降低而SOD活性和E-cadherin阳性表达率均呈剂量依赖性升高(P<0.05)。茴香霉素可显著逆转高剂量ECH对URE大鼠肾损伤及相关指标的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论ECH可能通过抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路激活来抑制URE大鼠的炎症反应和氧化应激反应,增强肾功能,改善肾损伤。

丹参酮ⅡA调节骨关节炎小鼠骨代谢的作用机制

目的探讨丹参酮ⅡA(TanⅡA)通过介导Yes激酶相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein,YAP)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配基(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)/核因子κB受体活化因子(eceptor activator of nuclear factor-κB,RANK)/骨保护蛋白(osteoprotegerin,OPG)调节骨关节炎小鼠骨代谢的作用机制。方法建立骨关节炎小鼠模型,将60只小鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、TanⅡA低剂量组和TanⅡA高剂量组,每组15只,造模成功后灌胃给药,连续4周。HE和番红O固绿染色观察软骨组织病理损伤并进行Mankin评分。酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)、Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽(C-telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,CTX)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)。蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)、YAP、RANK、RANKL和OPG蛋白。结果TanⅡA可改善小鼠软骨组织病理变化并降低Mankin评分。与假手术组比较,模型组BALP、OC水平下降,CTX、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8、MMP1、MMP3和MMP13水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,TanⅡA低剂量组、TanⅡA高剂量组BALP、OC水平升高,CTX、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-8、MMP1、MMP3和MMP13水平降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠软骨组织中YAP、OPG和RANK蛋白水平下降,RANKL蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,TanⅡA 2组小鼠软骨组织中YAP、OPG和RANK蛋白水平上升,RANKL蛋白水平下降(P<0.05)。结论TanⅡA可能通过介导YAP、RANK/RANKL/OPG信号通路调控骨关节炎。

基于骨免疫学论中医药抑制类风湿关节炎骨破坏的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种以滑膜炎、软骨与骨破坏为主要病理表现的自身免疫性疾病,致残率较高。RA免疫及炎症反应与骨细胞代谢互为影响,其核心环节为破坏机体核因子κB受体活化因子配体/核因子κB受体活化因子/骨保护素(RANKL/RANK/OPG)信号通路的平衡,导致成骨细胞减少,以及破骨细胞凋亡减退及异常活化。西药目前以抑制炎症反应及相关细胞因子分泌,减缓疾病进展,但长期使用其不良反应难以忽视。中医药在防治骨破坏中研究逐步深入,但在基础及临床研究方面仍存在一定局限性。

地舒单抗在骨质疏松初始、序贯、联合治疗等方面的临床研究进展

地舒单抗(denosumab,DMAb)是最早出现的全人源核因子-κB受体活化因子配体[receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)ligand,RANKL]的单克隆抗体。2020年在我国上市,应用于骨质疏松治疗领域,是抑制骨吸收类抗骨松药物中的新成员。本综述的目的为归纳总结近年围绕DMAb在骨质疏松初始、序贯以及联合治疗方面的临床研究进展,为其应用提供参考。

PTHrP促进RANKL诱导巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏

目的:骨质进行性吸收破坏是中耳胆脂瘤最重要的临床特征之一,可导致一系列颅内外并发症,而目前中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制尚未明确。本研究旨在探究甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein,PTHrP)参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制。方法:收集后天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的25例胆脂瘤标本和13例外耳道正常皮肤组织标本。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测PTHrP、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand,RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)在中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中的表达,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色法检测中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中是否存在TRAP阳性多核巨噬细胞。选取小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞进行干预,分为RANKL干预组和PTHrP+RANKL共同干预组,采用TRAP染色法检测2组破骨细胞的生成情况,实时聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)检测干预后2组破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、组织蛋白酶K(cathepsin K,CTSK)和活化T细胞核因子1(nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1,NFATc1)的mRNA表达水平,骨吸收陷窝实验检测2组破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。结果:免疫组织化学染色结果显示,PTHrP和RANKL在中耳胆脂瘤组织中的表达均显著增高,OPG表达降低(均P<0.05),且PTHrP的表达与RANKL、RANKL/OPG比值均呈显著正相关,与OPG表达呈显著负相关(分别r=0.385、r=0.417、r=-0.316,均P<0.05)。同时,PTHrP、RANKL的表达水平与中耳胆脂瘤的骨破坏程度均呈显著正相关(分别r=0.413、r=0.505,均P<0.05)。TRAP染色结果显示中耳胆脂瘤上皮周围基质中有大量TRAP阳性细胞,并存在细胞核数量为3个或3个以上的TRAP阳性破骨细胞。RANKL或PTHrP+RANKL联合干预5 d后,与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的破骨细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),且破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、CTSK和NFATc1的mRNA表达水平均升高(均P<0.05)。骨吸收陷窝扫描电镜结果显示RANKL干预组、PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面均形成骨吸收陷窝;与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面骨吸收陷窝数量显著增加(P<0.05),面积也更大。结论:PTHrP可能通过促进RANKL诱导胆脂瘤组织周围基质中的巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞,参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏。

柚皮素对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞的干预作用研究

目的:探究柚皮素(NRG)对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移与侵袭的影响。方法:采用浓度(μmol/L)为0、5、10、15、20、25、30的NRG处理OSCC CAL-27细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞活力;将CAL-27细胞分为低、中、高剂量NRG组(NRG-L、NRG-M组、NRG-H组)、Compound C(AMPK抑制剂)组、NRG-H+Compound C组、对照组(NC组,正常培养),CCK-8与EdU染色、流式细胞术、划痕实验、Transwell分别检测细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭;Western blot检测天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)、沉默信息调节蛋白1(SIRT1)、乙酰化核因子κB p65(Ac-NF-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:选取5、10、20μmol/L NRG分别作为后续处理CAL-27细胞的低、中、高剂量;与NC组比较,NRG-L组、NRG-M组、NRG-H组EdU阳性率、划痕愈合率、A 450值、侵袭细胞数及MMP-2、PCNA、MMP-9、Ac-NF-κB p65蛋白下调,细胞凋亡率及p-AMPK、Caspase-3、SIRT1蛋白上调(P<0.05);与NC组相比,Compound C组EdU阳性率、划痕愈合率、A 450值、侵袭细胞数及MMP-2、PCNA、MMP-9、Ac-NF-κB p65蛋白升高,细胞凋亡率及p-AMPK、Caspase-3、SIRT1蛋白表达下调(P<0.05);Compound C逆转了高剂量NRG对CAL-27细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及侵袭的影响。结论:NRG抑制CAL-27细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭,并诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能与激活AMPK进而抑制NF-κB通路有关。

金合欢素调节Sirt1/AMPK/Nrf2信号通路对糖尿病白内障大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响

目的探讨金合欢素对糖尿病白内障(DC)大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响及其对沉默调节蛋白1(Sirt1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路的调控作用。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、金合欢素低剂量组、金合欢素高剂量组、金合欢素+Sirt1抑制剂(EX527)组,除对照组以外均构建DC大鼠模型,其中,金合欢素低剂量组、金合欢素高剂量组大鼠分别经颈部皮下注射10 mg·kg^(-1)、20 mg·kg^(-1)的金合欢素,金合欢素+EX527组大鼠经颈部皮下注射20 mg·kg^(-1)金合欢素,均为每天2次,同时金合欢素+EX527组大鼠经皮下埋入渗透微型泵每天泵入3.5 mg·kg^(-1)EX527,其余组别均泵入等量生理盐水,给药持续4周。给药结束后,测量血压和空腹血糖(FBG),裂隙灯照射法观察大鼠晶状体混浊状况,HE染色观察晶状体组织病理学变化,ELISA测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β的含量,Western blot检测Sirt1、p-AMPK、AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠晶状体上皮细胞呈片状、条索状,发生迁移性聚集,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均降低(均为P<0.05);与模型组比较,金合欢素低、高剂量组大鼠晶状体上皮细胞迁移性聚集现象改善,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均降低,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均升高(均为P<0.05);与金合欢素高剂量组比较,金合欢素+EX527组晶状体上皮细胞形态改变和聚集现象加重,收缩压、FBG、晶状体混浊评分、MDA、IL-6、IL-1β水平均升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量及Sirt1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达水平均降低(均为P<0.05)。结论金合欢素可能通过激活Sirt1/AMPK/Nrf2通路保护DC大鼠免受氧化应激损伤。

马钱苷调节AKT/AMPK/Nrf2通路改善氧葡萄糖剥夺/复氧诱导的神经元铁死亡的机制研究

目的:探讨马钱苷通过调节蛋白激酶B(AKT)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/核因子-E2相关因子2(Nrf2)通路改善氧葡萄糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)诱导的神经元铁死亡的机制。方法:将神经元分为对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+L-马钱苷组、OGD/R+M-马钱苷组、OGD/R+H-马钱苷组、OGD/R+H-马钱苷+ML385组。透射电子显微镜观察神经元线粒体形态;检测铁含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)活性、4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG),还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)/辅脱氢酶Ⅱ(NADP^(+))及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量;使用CM-H2DCFDA、C11-BODIPY581/591分别检测细胞内和脂质活性氧(ROS)水平;四唑盐(MTT)试剂盒检测细胞活性;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl相关X蛋白(Bax)、剪切的半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(cleaved Caspase-3)、磷酸化的蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)/AKT、磷酸化的腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)/AMPK、Nrf2蛋白表达。结果:OGD/R组神经元线粒体出现碎片化现象,嵴减少,线粒体膜密度有所增加。与对照组比较,OGD/R组GSH/GSSG、NADPH/NADP^(+)、SOD、GPX4相对活性、细胞活力以及Bcl-2水平、p-AKT/AKT、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2水平下降(P<0.05),Fe^(2+)含量、细胞内ROS水平、脂质ROS水平以及4-HNE、MDA水平、LDH释放量、Bax以及cleaved Caspase-3水平上升(P<0.05);马钱苷处理后神经元线粒体中的线粒体嵴变得较为完整,碎片化现象消失,OGD/R+L-马钱苷组、OGD/R+M-马钱苷组、OGD/R+H-马钱苷组较OGD/R组GSH/GSSG、NADPH/NADP^(+)、SOD、GPX4相对活性、细胞活力以及Bcl-2水平、p-AKT/AKT、p-AMPK/AMPK、Nrf2水平上升(P<0.05),Fe^(2+)含量、细胞内ROS水平、脂质ROS水平以及4-HNE、MDA水平、LDH释放量、Bax以及cleaved Caspase-3水平下降(P<0.05),且随着马钱苷剂量的增加,改善效果更显著;OGD/R+H-马钱苷+ML385组以上指标与OGD/R组趋势一致。结论:马钱苷可能通过调节AKT/AMPK/Nrf2通路改善OGD/R诱导的神经元铁死亡。

利伐沙班对氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞功能的影响

目的探讨利伐沙班(RIV)对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)功能损伤的影响。方法根据干预措施,将实验分为空白对照组(A组,常规培养液),Ox-LDL组(B组,100μg/mL Ox-LDL的培养液),Ox-LDL+RIV125组(C1组,100μg/mL Ox-LDL和125 ng/mL RIV的培养液),Ox-LDL+RIV250组(C2组,100μg/mL Ox-LDL和250 ng/mL RIV的培养液)和Ox-LDL+RIV500组(C3组,100μg/mL Ox-LDL和500 ng/mLRIV的培养液),各组细胞均处理48 h。采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞存活率的变化,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,采用免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子受体(uPAR)蛋白表达水平。结果与B组比较,C1组、C2组、C3组细胞存活率显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和uPAR表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);C3组IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6水平和p-NF-κB p65表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论RIV能显著恢复细胞活力、减少细胞凋亡和由Ox-LDL引起的炎性反应,可能通过NF-κB和uPAR的调节而发挥作用。

小檗碱预处理对大鼠肝脏移植诱发肝损伤的影响分析

目的探讨小檗碱预处理在大鼠自体原位肝移植术诱发肝脏损伤的保护作用及相关的机制。方法健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠24只,体重为250~280 g,分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、模型组(AT组)和小檗碱预处理组(B组)。S组仅进行开腹,游离肝脏周围的血管和韧带,关腹。AT组和B组均制备自体原位肝移植诱发肝脏损伤大鼠模型,B组术前1周灌胃小檗碱[200 mg/(kg·d)]。在灌注6 h时麻醉大鼠,取其血清和肝脏组织,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法测定血清高迁移率族蛋白B-1(high mobility group box-1 protein,HMGB-1)含量,采用免疫组织化学法测定肝脏组织过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsγ,PPARγ)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)表达,采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis associated spot-like protein,ASC)、NLRP3和Pro-caspase1蛋白表达。结果与S组比较,AT组血清ALT、AST水平和HMGB1含量升高。肝脏组织PPARγ表达下调,NF-κB、ASC、NLRP3和Pro-caspase1表达上调(P<0.05),肝脏组织病理学损伤明显加重。与AT组比较,B组血清ALT、AST水平和HMGB1含量降低,肝脏组织PPARγ表达上调,NF-κB、ASC、NLRP3和Pro-caspase1表达下调(P<0.05),肝脏组织病理学损伤明显改善。结论预处理小檗碱可以通过激活PPARγ,抑制NF-κB表达,进而抑制细胞焦亡通路,从而发挥对大鼠肝脏移植过程诱发肝损伤的保护作用。

TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL在义齿修复后种植体周围炎患者龈沟液中的表达及意义

目的研究胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)在义齿修复后种植体周围炎(PI)患者龈沟液中的表达及意义。方法回顾性选取2019年8月至2023年8月大同市第五人民医院收治的义齿修复患者86例作为研究对象,根据术后3个月是否发生PI将患者分为预后良好组(n=61)和预后不良组(n=25)。比较两组患者的临床资料及术前龈沟液TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析对龈沟液TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平与义齿修复患者术后发生PI的关系进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平对义齿修复患者的预后评估价值。结果两组患者临床资料(性别、年龄、病程、义齿种植原因及种植颗数)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。预后良好组患者的龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平分别为(122.57±11.30)ng/L、(417.79±115.43)ng/mL、(116.02±13.45)pg/μL,均明显低于预后不良组[(138.93±12.70)ng/L、(576.55±177.60)ng/mL、(133.24±15.69)pg/μL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析义齿修复患者预后,结果显示龈沟液中TSLP水平升高、HIF-1α水平升高和RANKL水平升高是义齿修复患者术后发生PI的独立危险因素(OR=1.119,95%CI:1.048~1.195;OR=1.007,95%CI:1.002~1.013;OR=1.065,95%CI:1.016~1.117;P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平预测义齿修复患者预后的价值,结果显示曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.833、0.786和0.809。其中,RANKL具有最高的特异度(0.852),而HIF-1α具有最高的敏感度(0.800),具有较好的预测价值(P<0.05)。结论龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平升高是义齿修复患者术后并发PI的独立危险因素,且均具有较高的预测义齿修复患者预后的价值。