Types and Ore-forming Conditions of Gold Deposits in the Jinsha River-Lancang River-Nujiang River Area

The Jinsha River-Lancang River-Nujiang River area is one of the important prospect areas for noble metal and nonferous metal deposits of China. Of a great variety of gold deposits present in this area, the following types seem to be economically most valuable and promising: tectonic alteration type in ophiolitic melange; polymetallic quartz vein type related to intermediate-acid intrusions; finely disseminated type in fracture zones; mixed hydrothermal type in tectonic fractures of carbonate rocks; hydrothermal type related to subvolcanic rocks; volcanic-hot spring type; submarine volcano exhalation-sedimentary-hydrothermal reformation type. Metallogenic epochs are exclusively Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and ore deposits and orebodies are controlled by linear structures. Magmatic activity has affected gold mineralization in varying degrees, and gold deposits are basically of mesothermal-epithermal type with ubiquitous and intense alterations. Ore-forming materials and hydrothermal solutions show multi-source character.

Relationship between ethnic landscape and environment in the Nujiang River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Each nationality has formed unique ethnic culture in the long history. Ethnic culture is spatially reflected byethnic distribution. The distribution of nationalities is influenced by ethnic history, culture, society and religion, alsoaffected by regional physical setting. This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic distribution pattern and naturalsetting with contrast analytical method. The digital elevation model (DEM) is established on basis of contour map on ascale of 1:250,000 in the Nujiang River basin, Yunnan Province by ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System (GIS)software. Based on DEM, the spatial analysis and statistical function of GIS, the landscape patterns of populationdistribution of the selected minorities is described, and 4 sub-regions are divided in the Nujiang River basin of YunnanProvince while the features and disparity of landscape pattern and its forming mechanism are discussed, along withhistorical and archaeological data. The conclusions are as follow: (1) The ethnic distribution is mosaic in the matrix ofother racial distribution, and have a distinct spatial correlation. (2) For the difference in cultivation between differentnationalities, certain nationality lived in the area suitable for production mode of its own and coincident with appropriategeographical setting. (3) The spatial distribution of settlement spots of the minorities is controlled by the convenience ofwater supply. The landscape pattern of ethnic distribution is closely relative to natural environment.

Hydrochemistry and carbon isotope characteristics of Nujiang River water:Implications for CO_(2) budgets of rock weathering in the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most complicated geographical units worldwide in terms of its tectonic and environmental background.Although a hotspot for continental weathering and carbon cycling studies,accurate determination of the weathering carbon budget is challenging in this area,especially sink and source flux quantification and the controlling mechanisms.Compared with other major rivers on the plateau,the Nujiang River is characterized by less human disturbance and maintains a relatively pristine state.This study investigates the high spatiotemporal resolution hydrochemistry and dual-carbon isotope composition(δ~(13)C_(DIC)andΔ~(14)C_(DIC))of river water in the Nujiang River Basin.The results revealed that the solutes and dissolved inorganic carbon in the river water are predominantly derived from rock weathering by carbonic and sulfuric acids,mainly due to the carbonate weathering process,and significantly enhanced by deep carbon sourcing from hot springs in the fault zone.The average contributions of geological and modern carbon in the main stream of the Nujiang River are 35.2%and 64.8%,respectively,and sulfide oxidation contributes>90%of sulfate ions in the river water.After considering the involvement of sulfuric acid generated by sulfide oxidation during rock weathering,the calculated consumption fluxes of atmospheric CO_(2) by silicate and carbonate weathering in the watershed were decreased by approximately 52.0%and 37.4%,respectively,compared with those calculated ignoring this process.Rock weathering of the Nujiang River Basin is a“CO_(2) sink”on a short time scale,while the participation of sulfuric acid makes it a“CO_(2) source”on a geological time scale.The high-frequency observations of ion concentrations,elemental ratios,and calculated contributions of different rock weathering materials indicate that carbonate rock weathering is more sensitive to temperature and runoff variations than silicate rock weathering,with the solute contribution from carbonate weathering increasing significantly during monsoon period.The material input from different rock types is dominated by the hydrological pathways and water-rock reaction times in the basin.This study reveals the river solute origins and weathering CO_(2) sequestration effect in response to a monsoonal climate in one of the most representative pristine plateau watersheds in the world,which is of great importance for elucidating the weathering control mechanisms and CO_(2) net sourcesink effect in plateau watersheds.

Variation in transboundary flow of Nujiang River and its correlation with summer monsoon under the effect of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge

在在纵的范围峡(LRG ) 的地形学的效果下面的 Nujiang 河 transboundary 流动和夏天季风活动的变化之间的关系被检验。学习基于观察的河流动数据，和他们与环境预言( NCEP )的国家中心和大气的研究( NCAR )的国家中心的重新分析的 U/V 风领域的关联的统计分析，并且国家海洋、大气的管理( NOAA )的出去的 Longwave 放射( OLR )的数据。transboundary 河流动主要被集中在，这被结束湿或雨季(从 5 月到 10 月) ，特别地在夏天或洪水季节(从 6 月到 8 月) 。有一个清楚的趋势让 transboundary 河流动自从 1970 年代，与时间增加，自从 1980 年代特别地明显。由于地形学的东方西方障碍和 LRG 的纵贯的走廊效果，夏天河流动变化大部分与风被相关在高、低的高度南方、在北方。相反，河流动变化显然与风被相关仅仅在高高度，不是在低高度在东方、西。在 OLR 和河流动变化之间的否定关联也是明显的。这些关系是用索引在这篇论文建议了的二夏天季风描述的份量上。索引 MI 2 包括动态并且 thermodynamical 在 Nujiang 河盆的 LRG 区域完成并且给 transboundary 河流动变化的一个通常好的代表。更大的 MI 2 代表更强壮的夏天季风活动和更高的 transboundary 河流动，当更小的 MI 2 建议更弱的季风循环和更低的水流动时。

Study on thermal infrared remote sensing of Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The area change of heat abnormity is not in accordance with conclusions of former thermal infrared remote sensing studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which were that the temperature of Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt of the southern Plateau is high and the northern temperature is low. The study result in this paper shows that the highest temperature is found in the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt temperature is the second highest, and the northern Tibet temperature is the lowest. The study demonstration area was the suture belt areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Bangong Co-Nujiang River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the land temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bore temperature of field land surface were measured and the emissivity of land surface was calculated. In addition, the authors explore the mechanism of the relationship between thermal infrared remote sensing and constructing thermodynamics and reach four new conclusions about the thermodynamics of the Tibet Plateau.

Meteorological Drought in Nujiang and Lancang River Basins during Recent 50 Years

Drought is one of the main natural disasters that cause economic loss in the basins of international rivers such as Nujiang and Lancang rivers. Based on the monthly precipitation and temperature data of 31 meteorological stations in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province during 1965-2013, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) in each of the two bio-climate zones was calculated. In addition, the drought process in annual, seasonal and monthly scale was analyzed respectively to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics and the intensity variation of meteorological drought in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province. The results showed that there was a significant increasing trend in seasonal(especially winter's) and monthly drought since the late 1970 s; the drought occurred in the two bio-climate zones showed no obvious spatial distinction, and it was synchronized with that occurred throughout Yunnan Province; and in the recent 50 years, the significant increase of drought in the study area may be attributed to the significant rise in temperature, rather than the slight decline of the precipitation.

A New Species of Japalura(Squamata, Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan, China

A population of Japalura from Yunnan Province, China, previously assigned to Japalura splendida, is described as a new species. The new species has been recorded between 1 138–2 500 m in the Nu River drainage between the towns of Liuku and Binzhongluo, and on the lower western slopes of the Nushan and eastern slopes of the Goaligongshan. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Japalura, except J. dymondi, by the following combination of characters： exposed tympani, prominent dorso-lateral stripes, and small gular scales. It is very similar with but differs from J. dymondi by having smooth or feebly keeled dorsal head scales, three relatively enlarged spines on either side of the post-occiput area, strongly keeled and mucronate scales on occiput area and within the lateral stripes, back of arm and leg green, higher number of dorsal-ridge scales（DS） and fourth toe subdigital scales（T4S）. A principal component analysis of body measurements of adult male specimens of the new species and J. dymondi showed principal component 1 loading highest for upper arm length, fourth toe length and snout to eye length and principal component 2 loading highest for head width, head length and fourth toe length.

草地贪夜蛾及二化螟肠道微生物多样性

采用高通量DNA测序技术以及微生物群落分析方法,对怒江下游蒲缥坝草地贪夜蛾、二化螟两种害虫肠道的微生物进行了研究。研究结果显示:单从菌群的Alpha多样性来看,两种昆虫肠道内微生物在物种数和均匀度方面基本相当;两组样本菌群在群落结构方面虽然存在差异,但不显著;在两组样本共有且相对丰度较高的10个属中,草地贪夜蛾中肠球菌属(Enterococcus)明显高于二化螟;而在二化螟中克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)的丰度明显高于草地贪夜蛾。

怒江真核浮游生物的海拔分布格局及其环境影响因素

为研究怒江真核浮游生物群落的多样性,于2020年11月在怒江干流约2 000 km的区域布设了35个样点进行样品采集,基于18S rRNA分子标记进行宏条形码分析,探究了真核浮游生物群落的空间分布差异及其对环境因子的响应。测序共得到1 320个操作分类单元(OTU),涵盖了真核浮游生物群落共34门302属。β多样性显示怒江的真核浮游生物群落能够随海拔梯度的变化明显分为高海拔(4 000 m以上)、中海拔(1 000~4 000 m)和低海拔(1 000 m以下)3个分组,组间差异大于组内差异。不同海拔真核浮游生物的α多样性显示,表征物种丰富度的Chao1指数、表征群落均匀度的Pielou指数、表征群落整体多样性的Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均随着海拔的升高呈降低趋势,说明海拔的升高会影响真核浮游生物的多样性。在不同海拔的群落组成差异上,纤毛虫门和绿藻门的物种相对丰度随着海拔的降低而升高,主要富集于低海拔区域;硅藻门物种是相对丰度最高的物种,主要富集于中海拔区域;节肢动物门的物种相对丰度随着海拔的降低而降低,主要富集于高海拔区域。环境影响因素上,怒江pH值和电导率随纬度的降低而降低,水温、溶解氧、流速和浊度随纬度的降低而升高,海拔、水温和流速是显著影响怒江真核浮游生物群落分布的环境因子。

变化环境下可能最大洪水计算研究

气候变化与下垫面变化前提下,多因素共同影响明显增加了流域可能最大洪水(PMF)估算难度。为此,提出一种集气候模式结果后处理、气候变化情景下相应可能最大暴雨(PMP)估算及土地利用/覆被变化方案设定、基流/前期影响雨量影响分析、基于相似性的PMP时空展布于一体的PMF计算模式,将其应用于怒江上游。结果表明,基流/前期影响雨量及暴雨时空分布不确定性是影响流域PMF的重要因素,气候与下垫面变化双重驱动对于PMF影响较大,且变幅随着变化程度增强而增大。

怒江⁃萨尔温江流域植被覆盖时空变化趋势及驱动力

植被作为陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,对区域生态系统环境变化、全球碳循环和气候调节具有非常重要的作用。怒江⁃萨尔温江流域是东南亚最重要的跨境河流之一,其植被变化会影响区域生态系统和气候。研究以怒江⁃萨尔温江流域为研究区,基于2000—2021年MODIS NDVI数据,利用BFAST模型、Hurst指数以及地理探测器研究了其植被覆盖时空演变趋势和未来可持续性以及驱动因子。结果表明:(1)2000—2021年,怒江⁃萨尔温江流域植被覆盖总体呈波动上升趋势,多年平均植被覆盖度FVC(Fractional Vegetation Cover)为0.73,以高植被覆盖和较高植被覆盖为主。植被分布具有明显的空间异质性,下游和中游植被覆盖明显优于上游。(2)BFAST趋势表明,近22年怒江⁃萨尔温江流域植被覆盖改善和退化的区域面积占比分别为71.24%、28.76%,改善的区域远大于退化的区域,说明研究区植被得到较好的保护。Hurst指数显示,未来植被将持续改善和退化的区域占比分别为94.89%、2.76%。BFAST与Hurst二者叠加共耦合了17种植被覆盖的未来趋势情形,整体上未来植被呈持续改善为主,将持续改善和持续退化状态的面积占比分别为68.99%、29.09%。(3)基于最优参数的地理探测器结果表明,海拔对研究区植被覆盖分布具有宏观控制作用,影响最大,其次是气温、降水等气象因子。各区域植被覆盖影响因素又具有差异性,其中,海拔和土地利用方式对上游地区植被覆盖的影响比中游和下游区域显著;中游高山峡谷地区以海拔以及海拔差异带来的气温、降水差异对植被覆盖影响重大;下游地区以人口、GDP等人为因素影响为主。研究结果对了解研究区生态环境状况及未来变化提供科学数据支持。

基于MaxEnt模型的怒江大峡谷泥石流易发性评价和成因

为进行泥石流易发性分区及环境因子的敏感性评价,选取降水、高程、坡度、坡向、径流量、岩性、断层、归一化植被指数、土壤侵蚀模数等9个环境因子,基于最大熵(MaxEnt)模型对187个泥石流沟道进行易发性评价。结果表明:导致泥石流易发的主导因素依次是径流量、高程、降水、岩性、断层、坡度、归一化植被指数、土壤侵蚀模数、坡向。依据泥石流灾害易发概率进行易发性分区发现,贡山—福贡段泥石流易发性最强,模型AUC值为0.974,标准差为0.010,模型分析结果与实际结果一致。与研究区山洪沟道9个环境因子进行对比评价发现,泥石流对环境因子的敏感性要比山洪复杂。通过能量分析的方法证明泥石流环境因子的敏感性复杂的原因,表明流域汇水能量对灾害的形成贡献率最大。

从“傈僳化”到“汉化”:怒江地区各民族交往交流交融的历史进程与特点

怒族、独龙族是最早进入怒江地区居住和生活的民族。从明代晚期开始,傈僳族、勒墨人迁入怒江,与怒族、独龙族形成沿江交错杂居的分布格局。清代以来,傈僳族发展成为怒江地区的主体民族和统治民族,傈僳族的语言习俗和生产生活方式对其他民族产生强大的辐射和同化作用,怒江地区各民族的交往交流交融出现明显的“傈僳化”趋向。清末以前,由于国家政治力量的不足或缺位,怒江地区的社会生活和民族间的交往交流交融处于自然自发的状态。1912年民国政府“开辟”怒江后,国家治理力量直接进入怒江,怒江各民族的交往交流交融进入自觉自为的新时期。民国时期,随着怒江与内地联系的空前加强和“汉人”不断迁移或旅居怒江,“汉人”和内地的政治经济文化对怒江各民族的生产生活产生了广泛作用和影响,怒江社会发展出现“汉化”或“内地化”的特征与趋向。“傈僳化”和“汉化”相继并行,成为怒江地区民族交往交流交融和区域社会一体化发展的基本机制和途径。

后脱贫时代云南省怒江州防返贫长效机制构建研究

贫困治理是中国特色社会主义伟大实践的重要组成部分,是中国特色社会主义制度优势的集中体现,然而脱贫之后的脱贫户再次返贫问题成为“十四五”时期重要关注点。通过深入探析云南怒江州潜在的返贫主、客观原因,即从脱贫户内生动力、防返贫监测系统、政策制度、特色产业4个方面进行阐述,并提出相应的对策建议,对拓展巩固云南怒江州脱贫攻坚成果、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。

惠通桥之战几个问题辨析

惠通桥是抗日战争“生命线”——滇缅公路经过怒江的一座关键桥梁,形势险峻,为兵家必争之地。日本为封锁中国、困死中国,一个重要目标就是破坏滇缅公路,掌控其重要桥梁惠通桥,我军为阻止日寇进军,炸毁惠通桥后,在惠通桥附近展开了艰险的战斗,从而奠定了敌我怒江对峙的局面,惠通桥之战虽然只是小规模的局部战争,但在滇西抗战史上具有重要价值,在中国抗战史上也应有一席之地,因此,对惠通桥的建造及改造、炸毁争夺、怒江对峙局面等史料梳理就显得极有价值。

澜沧江左岸公路某滑坡稳定性分析及治理方案

澜沧江左岸沿江公路表村至营盘段是黄登、大华桥及上游各电站建设的“生命线”及沿线的唯一通道。大华桥水电站蓄水造成地质灾害频发,K147+000~K147+125段古滑坡体范围内滑坡发生滑动,影响了公路的正常运行,通过现场调查,对滑坡稳定性分析,探讨滑坡变形特征及形成机制,并考虑公路路基安全、库岸稳定,为沿江公路滑坡治理提供科学依据,为同类公路病害治理提供参考。

西藏班公湖—怒江缝合带东段多金属矿床地质特征与时空分布

班公湖—怒江缝合带东段矿产资源丰富,成矿地质条件优越,成矿潜力巨大,由于交通条件较差,地质找矿工作程度较低,理论研究薄弱。基于前人研究及出波松多、白库、热昌、扎罗卡矿区等典型矿床勘查成果,通过对矿床成因类型、控矿因素、成岩成矿时代及岩浆岩等研究,确认成矿时代为早—中侏罗世燕山早期和早白垩世燕山晚期两个期次。矿床地质特征受地层、构造及燕山期岩浆岩的约束,铅锌多金属矿床以中低温热液充填-交代型为主,矿体赋存于层间破碎带或断层带内,少数为MVT型铅锌矿床,矿体呈囊状—似层状产出于碳酸盐岩地层中;金多金属矿床主要为中低温热液-构造破碎带蚀变岩型,矿体或金异常分布于侵入岩体外接触带附近发育的断裂构造上;Cr-Ni-Co-Pt-Fe矿床矿体赋存于燕山早期超基性岩脉及附近断裂带中。通过对区域成矿规律的总结,划分出唐古拉前陆复合盆地Cu-Au-Pb-Zn、丁青Cr-Ni-Co-Pt-Fe和冈底斯—念青唐古拉弧盆系Au-Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn三个成矿带,可以为该地区的进一步找矿工作提供参考。

怒江下游低热河谷地区诃子造林成效调查分析

怒江下游低热河谷地区是我国诃子主要自然分布区,其中,位于怒江东岸的永德县诃子分布面积最大,达到20899 hm^(2)。2010年以来永德县先后对诃子资源实施了一系列的恢复措施:实施森林抚育7000 hm^(2),实施恢复性造林946.35 hm^(2)。为了摸清诃子在怒江下游低热河谷地区造林成效,总结诃子造林的成功经验,为今后诃子资源的恢复和产业化打下基础,进行了诃子造林成效调查分析。结合怒江下游低热河谷地区的气候特征,以诃子苗木主根发达的特性为切入点,阐述了诃子主根发达在造林工作中的运用技巧,从不同造林时间、不同苗木标准和不同的造林模式等多方面进行了分析,总结了采用3月龄无纺布袋苗、6~7月份上山造林及2年以上裸根大苗截杆造林等成功经验。

近40年西藏怒江河谷盆地的气候特征及变化趋势

利用1971-2008年西藏怒江流域9个气象站逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、日照时数等资料,分析了近40a怒江流域年、季气象要素的变化趋势,并计算讨论了变化趋势与经纬度、海拔高度的相关。结果表明:近40a流域年平均气温以0.26oC/10a的速率显著升高,增暖趋势比中国东北和西北弱,比淮河和华南强,与青藏高原相近。最高气温和最低气温都出现了增高的趋势,年平均气温日较差表现为一致的减小趋势,为-0.13～-0.57oC/10a;年降水量以21.0mm/10a的速率显著增加,各季降水均呈现增加趋势;年日照时数平均每10年减少31.7h,以夏季减幅最突出,减幅比黄河流域、青藏高原东侧大;地温升高明显,流域上游季节性冻土最大冻结深度呈显著变浅趋势,以安多最明显。日照时数与降水量负相关显著,与夏、秋季大气水汽压呈显著的负相关;大部分站点日照时数的减少,与大气水汽压的显著增加和降水量的增多关系密切。总云量与日较差存在显著负相关,与夏季降水量呈显著正相关,相对湿度的变化不是总云量减少的主要原因。随着纬度的增加和海拔高度的上升,年平均气温升温幅度在加大,年降水量增幅也增大。日照时数的变化趋势仅与经度有着很好的正相关,随着经度的增加,冬季和夏季日照时数的减幅都在减小。