Types and Ore-forming Conditions of Gold Deposits in the Jinsha River-Lancang River-Nujiang River Area

The Jinsha River-Lancang River-Nujiang River area is one of the important prospect areas for noble metal and nonferous metal deposits of China. Of a great variety of gold deposits present in this area, the following types seem to be economically most valuable and promising: tectonic alteration type in ophiolitic melange; polymetallic quartz vein type related to intermediate-acid intrusions; finely disseminated type in fracture zones; mixed hydrothermal type in tectonic fractures of carbonate rocks; hydrothermal type related to subvolcanic rocks; volcanic-hot spring type; submarine volcano exhalation-sedimentary-hydrothermal reformation type. Metallogenic epochs are exclusively Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and ore deposits and orebodies are controlled by linear structures. Magmatic activity has affected gold mineralization in varying degrees, and gold deposits are basically of mesothermal-epithermal type with ubiquitous and intense alterations. Ore-forming materials and hydrothermal solutions show multi-source character.

Relationship between ethnic landscape and environment in the Nujiang River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Each nationality has formed unique ethnic culture in the long history. Ethnic culture is spatially reflected byethnic distribution. The distribution of nationalities is influenced by ethnic history, culture, society and religion, alsoaffected by regional physical setting. This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic distribution pattern and naturalsetting with contrast analytical method. The digital elevation model (DEM) is established on basis of contour map on ascale of 1:250,000 in the Nujiang River basin, Yunnan Province by ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System (GIS)software. Based on DEM, the spatial analysis and statistical function of GIS, the landscape patterns of populationdistribution of the selected minorities is described, and 4 sub-regions are divided in the Nujiang River basin of YunnanProvince while the features and disparity of landscape pattern and its forming mechanism are discussed, along withhistorical and archaeological data. The conclusions are as follow: (1) The ethnic distribution is mosaic in the matrix ofother racial distribution, and have a distinct spatial correlation. (2) For the difference in cultivation between differentnationalities, certain nationality lived in the area suitable for production mode of its own and coincident with appropriategeographical setting. (3) The spatial distribution of settlement spots of the minorities is controlled by the convenience ofwater supply. The landscape pattern of ethnic distribution is closely relative to natural environment.

Spatial-temporal heterogeneity and controlling factors of evapotranspiration in Nujiang River Basin based on Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)model

Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by large elevation gradient and different vegetation zones with complex processes of water and energy exchange.The quality of ET from optical remote sensing is constrained by cloud cover which is common in the NRB in the monsoon seasons.To understand factors controlling the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ET in NRB,we employed the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model by parameter optimization with support of quality controlled remote sensing ET product and observed river runoff series in the river.The modeled ET has increased during 1984-2018,which might be one of the reasons for the runoff decrease but precipitation increase in the same period.ET increase and runoff decrease tended to be quicker within altitudinal band of 2000-4000 m than in other areas in NRB.We observed that ET variation in different climatic zones were controlled by different factors.ET is generally positively correlated with precipitation,temperature,and shortwave radiation but negatively with relative humidity.In the Tundra Climate(Et)zone in the upper reach of NRB,ET is controlled by precipitation,while it is controlled by shortwave radiation in the snow climate with dry winter(Dw)zone.ET increase is influenced by the increase of temperature,wind speed,and shortwave radiation in the middle and downstream of NRB with warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf)and warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw).

Hydrochemistry and carbon isotope characteristics of Nujiang River water:Implications for CO_(2) budgets of rock weathering in the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most complicated geographical units worldwide in terms of its tectonic and environmental background.Although a hotspot for continental weathering and carbon cycling studies,accurate determination of the weathering carbon budget is challenging in this area,especially sink and source flux quantification and the controlling mechanisms.Compared with other major rivers on the plateau,the Nujiang River is characterized by less human disturbance and maintains a relatively pristine state.This study investigates the high spatiotemporal resolution hydrochemistry and dual-carbon isotope composition(δ~(13)C_(DIC)andΔ~(14)C_(DIC))of river water in the Nujiang River Basin.The results revealed that the solutes and dissolved inorganic carbon in the river water are predominantly derived from rock weathering by carbonic and sulfuric acids,mainly due to the carbonate weathering process,and significantly enhanced by deep carbon sourcing from hot springs in the fault zone.The average contributions of geological and modern carbon in the main stream of the Nujiang River are 35.2%and 64.8%,respectively,and sulfide oxidation contributes>90%of sulfate ions in the river water.After considering the involvement of sulfuric acid generated by sulfide oxidation during rock weathering,the calculated consumption fluxes of atmospheric CO_(2) by silicate and carbonate weathering in the watershed were decreased by approximately 52.0%and 37.4%,respectively,compared with those calculated ignoring this process.Rock weathering of the Nujiang River Basin is a“CO_(2) sink”on a short time scale,while the participation of sulfuric acid makes it a“CO_(2) source”on a geological time scale.The high-frequency observations of ion concentrations,elemental ratios,and calculated contributions of different rock weathering materials indicate that carbonate rock weathering is more sensitive to temperature and runoff variations than silicate rock weathering,with the solute contribution from carbonate weathering increasing significantly during monsoon period.The material input from different rock types is dominated by the hydrological pathways and water-rock reaction times in the basin.This study reveals the river solute origins and weathering CO_(2) sequestration effect in response to a monsoonal climate in one of the most representative pristine plateau watersheds in the world,which is of great importance for elucidating the weathering control mechanisms and CO_(2) net sourcesink effect in plateau watersheds.

Meteorological Drought in Nujiang and Lancang River Basins during Recent 50 Years

Drought is one of the main natural disasters that cause economic loss in the basins of international rivers such as Nujiang and Lancang rivers. Based on the monthly precipitation and temperature data of 31 meteorological stations in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province during 1965-2013, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) in each of the two bio-climate zones was calculated. In addition, the drought process in annual, seasonal and monthly scale was analyzed respectively to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics and the intensity variation of meteorological drought in Nujiang and Lancang river basins in Yunnan Province. The results showed that there was a significant increasing trend in seasonal(especially winter's) and monthly drought since the late 1970 s; the drought occurred in the two bio-climate zones showed no obvious spatial distinction, and it was synchronized with that occurred throughout Yunnan Province; and in the recent 50 years, the significant increase of drought in the study area may be attributed to the significant rise in temperature, rather than the slight decline of the precipitation.

Variation in transboundary flow of Nujiang River and its correlation with summer monsoon under the effect of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge

在在纵的范围峡(LRG ) 的地形学的效果下面的 Nujiang 河 transboundary 流动和夏天季风活动的变化之间的关系被检验。学习基于观察的河流动数据，和他们与环境预言( NCEP )的国家中心和大气的研究( NCAR )的国家中心的重新分析的 U/V 风领域的关联的统计分析，并且国家海洋、大气的管理( NOAA )的出去的 Longwave 放射( OLR )的数据。transboundary 河流动主要被集中在，这被结束湿或雨季(从 5 月到 10 月) ，特别地在夏天或洪水季节(从 6 月到 8 月) 。有一个清楚的趋势让 transboundary 河流动自从 1970 年代，与时间增加，自从 1980 年代特别地明显。由于地形学的东方西方障碍和 LRG 的纵贯的走廊效果，夏天河流动变化大部分与风被相关在高、低的高度南方、在北方。相反，河流动变化显然与风被相关仅仅在高高度，不是在低高度在东方、西。在 OLR 和河流动变化之间的否定关联也是明显的。这些关系是用索引在这篇论文建议了的二夏天季风描述的份量上。索引 MI 2 包括动态并且 thermodynamical 在 Nujiang 河盆的 LRG 区域完成并且给 transboundary 河流动变化的一个通常好的代表。更大的 MI 2 代表更强壮的夏天季风活动和更高的 transboundary 河流动，当更小的 MI 2 建议更弱的季风循环和更低的水流动时。

Study on thermal infrared remote sensing of Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The area change of heat abnormity is not in accordance with conclusions of former thermal infrared remote sensing studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which were that the temperature of Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt of the southern Plateau is high and the northern temperature is low. The study result in this paper shows that the highest temperature is found in the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt temperature is the second highest, and the northern Tibet temperature is the lowest. The study demonstration area was the suture belt areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Bangong Co-Nujiang River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the land temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bore temperature of field land surface were measured and the emissivity of land surface was calculated. In addition, the authors explore the mechanism of the relationship between thermal infrared remote sensing and constructing thermodynamics and reach four new conclusions about the thermodynamics of the Tibet Plateau.

A New Species of Japalura(Squamata, Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan, China

A population of Japalura from Yunnan Province, China, previously assigned to Japalura splendida, is described as a new species. The new species has been recorded between 1 138–2 500 m in the Nu River drainage between the towns of Liuku and Binzhongluo, and on the lower western slopes of the Nushan and eastern slopes of the Goaligongshan. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Japalura, except J. dymondi, by the following combination of characters： exposed tympani, prominent dorso-lateral stripes, and small gular scales. It is very similar with but differs from J. dymondi by having smooth or feebly keeled dorsal head scales, three relatively enlarged spines on either side of the post-occiput area, strongly keeled and mucronate scales on occiput area and within the lateral stripes, back of arm and leg green, higher number of dorsal-ridge scales（DS） and fourth toe subdigital scales（T4S）. A principal component analysis of body measurements of adult male specimens of the new species and J. dymondi showed principal component 1 loading highest for upper arm length, fourth toe length and snout to eye length and principal component 2 loading highest for head width, head length and fourth toe length.

怒江源头地区那曲河热裸裂尻鱼繁殖生物学研究

了解怒江源头地区那曲河热裸裂尻鱼基础生物学概况,研究其繁殖生物学,为评估热裸裂尻鱼生态适应性规律、进行资源管理和物种保护提供理论依据。2017年9月、2018年7月和10月在怒江源头那曲河采集309尾热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis),进行了生物学参数测定,包括年龄、体长、体重、繁殖力等,计算了性比、性腺成熟系数,评估了性成熟年龄,预测了产卵类型。结果显示:热裸裂尻鱼个体绝对繁殖力(F)为2943~16657粒,平均(7685±3527)粒;个体体长相对繁殖力(F_(L))为10.15~52.71粒/mm,平均(25.00±10.57)粒/mm;个体体重相对繁殖力(F_(W))为10.68~48.01粒/g,平均(23.91±8.21)粒/g。个体繁殖力与各基础生物学指标的相关性分析显示F、F_(L)与体长、体重、空壳重、卵巢重、年龄和丰满度之间的相关性极显著(P<0.01),与性腺成熟系数相关性不显著(F>0.05),F_(W)仅与卵巢重和性腺成熟系数具有显著相关性(0.01<P<0.05)。雌雄比为2.78:1,性腺成熟系数范围为0.39%~11.75%,雌鱼最小性成熟年龄为6龄,雄鱼最小性成熟年龄为4龄。根据热裸裂尻鱼卵径频率分布特征,推测其产卵类型为完全同步型一次性产卵。

怒江西藏段鱼类群落结构及多样性研究

为了探究怒江西藏段干流及主要支流鱼类群落结构及其多样性,2017-2020年在该区域设置9个调查站点,进行8次鱼类资源调查。结果表明,调查共采集到鱼类2目6科9属23种,其中怒江特有种6种,外来鱼类5种,种类数总体上呈现随着海拔上升而逐渐减少的分布趋势;优势种为怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensiss)、裸腹叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus kaznakovi)和热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis),三者占调查鱼类总生物量的96.28%,占调查鱼类总数的91.25%。群落Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为0.369~0.908、0.222~0.496、0.317~0.754、0.405~0.692,整体上处于较低水平。按生态类型可分为底栖缓流型、底栖间隙型、急流吸附型及静水中层型4类,摄食类型基本为杂食性。下游察瓦龙乡与那曲大坝上游的鱼类物种组成相似性指数最低(11.76%),支流左贡玉曲河与比如大坝下游的相似性指数最高(70.00%)。流域总体上处于中度干扰状态,上游大坝之间的河段及支流玉曲河处于较为严重的干扰状态。为了保护怒江西藏段鱼类多样性,建议在玉曲河支流设立保护区,加强流域渔政管理,规范放生行为,做好流域开发的生态保护修复与预案研究。

高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌多样性及分布特征

[目的]探究高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌物种多样性及其沿海拔梯度的分布特征,为该区域虫生真菌资源的开发、利用和保护提供科学依据。[方法]从怒江沿线高黎贡山南段的保山至北段的丙中洛区域(海拔800~1500 m)采集的土壤样品中分离虫生真菌菌株;采用形态学和多基因系统发育分析方法对虫生真菌进行物种鉴定,同时对虫生真菌的物种多样性及垂直分布特征进行分析。[结果]在高黎贡山怒江沿线区域共获得623株虫生真菌菌株,涵盖4科7属18种。其中,优势属为绿僵菌属(有9种,共398株)、白僵菌属(有3种,共133株),优势种依次为棕色绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌。所有海拔区段的土壤中均有虫生真菌分布,且虫生真菌的多样性指数呈现出随海拔升高逐渐降低的趋势。保山段(海拔800~900 m)虫生真菌的香农-威纳指数(1.8117)、辛普森指数(0.7758)、均匀度指数(0.7868)最高,优势度指数(0.2242)最低;贡山段(1400~1500 m)虫生真菌的香农-威纳指数(1.2079)、辛普森指数(0.5200)、均匀度指数(0.5037)最低,优势度指数(0.4800)最高。聚类分析结果显示,高黎贡山怒江沿线区域虫生真菌分为宽域分布物种和狭域分布物种。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)表明,土壤湿度和土壤温度是影响高黎贡山怒江沿线虫生真菌多样性和属物种丰度的主要因子。[结论]高黎贡山怒江沿线土壤中虫生真菌物种多样性丰富,且具有一定的垂直分布特征,应加强对该区域虫生真菌物种资源的保护。

川藏交通廊道怒江段斜坡地质灾害发育特征及主控因素分析

青藏高原东南三江流域地质环境脆弱,地质灾害频发。为了有效防控川藏交通廊道怒江段(洛隆―八宿)的地质灾害风险,采用遥感解译、现场调查、GIS空间分析、确定性系数(certainty factor,CF)分析以及敏感性指数(E)分析等方法,在研究区内共识别出斜坡地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌、变形体)992处,分析了灾害的数量、规模和破坏模式等发育特征,揭示了灾害的易发区间和主控因素。研究表明:高程[2672,4500)m,坡度[20,35)°,坡向E、SE、S、SW、W是灾害易发的地形地貌区间;砂砾岩、泥页岩、灰岩岩组、砂板岩夹火山岩岩组、碳酸盐岩岩组、砂板岩夹煤层岩组、大理岩、灰岩夹片岩岩组、片岩、硅质岩和砂板岩岩组是灾害易发的地层岩组;距断裂和距水系距离小于1 km均为灾害易发范围。其中,高程[2672,3000)m、坡度[25,35)°、坡向SW、碳酸盐岩岩组和砂板岩夹煤层岩组是灾害最易发生的因子范围。选取的6个影响因子对斜坡地质灾害的影响大小依次为:高程、岩组、坡度、距水系距离、距断裂距离和坡向,其中前5个因子是灾害的主控因素。本文研究成果可以为川藏交通廊道怒江段的防灾减灾提供科学依据。

草地贪夜蛾及二化螟肠道微生物多样性

采用高通量DNA测序技术以及微生物群落分析方法,对怒江下游蒲缥坝草地贪夜蛾、二化螟两种害虫肠道的微生物进行了研究。研究结果显示:单从菌群的Alpha多样性来看,两种昆虫肠道内微生物在物种数和均匀度方面基本相当;两组样本菌群在群落结构方面虽然存在差异,但不显著;在两组样本共有且相对丰度较高的10个属中,草地贪夜蛾中肠球菌属(Enterococcus)明显高于二化螟;而在二化螟中克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)的丰度明显高于草地贪夜蛾。

乡村振兴背景下云南边疆民族地区社会治理现代化探析

党的二十大在社会治理方面提出,要加快推进市域社会治理现代化,提高市域社会治理能力,提升治理效能。社会治理现代化符合乡村振兴总体要求中治理有效的发展需求,成为乡村振兴的必然逻辑与现实选择。该文基于乡村振兴背景,总结怒江推进社会治理现代化多元共治工作实践及成效;归纳怒江社会治理现代化的现实困境;探讨进一步推动云南边疆民族地区社会治理现代化建设,以期助力乡村振兴绿色可持续发展。

近40年西藏怒江河谷盆地的气候特征及变化趋势

利用1971-2008年西藏怒江流域9个气象站逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、日照时数等资料,分析了近40a怒江流域年、季气象要素的变化趋势,并计算讨论了变化趋势与经纬度、海拔高度的相关。结果表明:近40a流域年平均气温以0.26oC/10a的速率显著升高,增暖趋势比中国东北和西北弱,比淮河和华南强,与青藏高原相近。最高气温和最低气温都出现了增高的趋势,年平均气温日较差表现为一致的减小趋势,为-0.13～-0.57oC/10a;年降水量以21.0mm/10a的速率显著增加,各季降水均呈现增加趋势;年日照时数平均每10年减少31.7h,以夏季减幅最突出,减幅比黄河流域、青藏高原东侧大;地温升高明显,流域上游季节性冻土最大冻结深度呈显著变浅趋势,以安多最明显。日照时数与降水量负相关显著,与夏、秋季大气水汽压呈显著的负相关;大部分站点日照时数的减少,与大气水汽压的显著增加和降水量的增多关系密切。总云量与日较差存在显著负相关,与夏季降水量呈显著正相关,相对湿度的变化不是总云量减少的主要原因。随着纬度的增加和海拔高度的上升,年平均气温升温幅度在加大,年降水量增幅也增大。日照时数的变化趋势仅与经度有着很好的正相关,随着经度的增加,冬季和夏季日照时数的减幅都在减小。

西藏尕尔穷—嘎拉勒铜金矿集区成矿规律、矿床模型与找矿方向

尕尔穷—嘎拉勒铜金矿集区位于西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带西段南缘的北冈底斯北侧,矿体类型丰富(斑岩型、矽卡岩型及铁氧化物铜金建造型),金品位较高(最高可达205g/t),构造位置独特,研究意义重大。通过对矿集区成矿地质条件的系统总结及对前人研究资料的系统分析,查明了矿石特征,发现了大量自然金、金属互化物,总结了成矿规律,认为成矿主要与晚燕山期侵位的石英闪长岩及花岗闪长岩有关,成岩与成矿之间演化时间在1Ma左右,区内矿化具有上铜金下钼的垂向分带特征,矿床S、Pb同位素显示成矿物质具有壳幔混合的源区特征。在准铝质-微弱过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩浆岩的侵位、分馏演化过程中,在岩体隆起部位及其与白垩纪碳酸盐的内外接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型铜金(钼)矿体,在岩体边缘构造破碎带(F1断层)内形成铁氧化物铜金建造型矿体,由此建立了岩浆岩-地层-构造控制的斑岩-矽卡岩-铁氧化物铜金建造"三位一体"矿床模型。结合以上研究,提出矿集区应予以重视的找矿方向。

藏北商旭造山型金矿床的发现及意义

西藏双湖县商旭金矿床位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段。矿体赋存于中-下侏罗统木嘎岗日群浅变质复理石中,受北西西向断裂构造控制,呈透镜体状、脉状,或者似层状产出;矿石矿物以自然金为主,矿石类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变特征明显。该矿床主要受地层及构造因素控制,矿区的构造、围岩蚀变、矿物、地球化学异常等可作为找矿标志。野外地质调查和矿床对比研究显示,商旭金矿床在矿物共生组合、蚀变类型、构造类型等方面,与典型的造山型金矿床相似,其成因类型属于造山型金矿床。商旭金矿床的发现为班公湖-怒江成矿带金等贵金属矿产的地质找矿工作开辟了新的方向。

西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带与邻区铟矿化带的发现及意义

铟是稀散金属元素,在地壳中的含量为0.1×10-6。我国铟的储量居世界第一,广西大厂矿田是我国重要的产铟基地。本文在大量的野外地质调查与室内分析测试与扫描电镜观察等工作的基础上,首次查明了西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带及邻区的铟含量与赋存状态。在铟含量较高的13个矿床(点)中,5个矿床(点)样品铟的平均品位达到伴生工业品位的要求。铟含量高的地质体呈带状展布,为我国一个新的铟矿化带,铟矿物种类为羟铟石、自然铟两种。铟含量较高的样品全部位于矽卡岩型矿床中。班公湖—怒江成矿带铟的矿化时代应为班公湖—怒江洋向南(即冈底斯地块)俯冲使之闭合后碰撞阶段所形成。当雄县拉屋多金属矿床正在开采,其铟含量平均为45.44×10-6,最高为166×10-6,需加强铟资源的评价,提高其资源的综合利用价值。

班公湖-怒江结合带洞错地区舍拉玛高压麻粒岩的发现及其地质意义

青藏高原班公湖-怒江结合带内中东段八宿、安多、蓬错西等地已有高压-超高压变质岩的报道,然而西段至今尚没有发现类似岩石出露。在班公湖-怒江西段改则洞错地区舍拉玛沟中发现高压麻粒岩（可能是退变榴辉岩）,岩石呈透镜状、似层状或块状产于斜长角闪岩及变质辉长岩中,详细的岩相学及矿物化学研究确认,早期矿物组合主要为石榴子石、单斜辉石及斜长石（大部分钠黝帘石化）,后期发生了较强烈的退变质作用,矿物组合为角闪石和斜长石,发育典型的＂白眼圈＂结构。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法获得高压麻粒岩的原岩时代为254±2Ma,指示班公湖-怒江洋盆打开的时限可以追溯到晚二叠世。地质温压计估算结果表明,高压麻粒岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为780-900℃和13-16k Pa,角闪岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为430-480℃和4.5-5.2k Pa,极有可能是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳发生高压麻粒岩相（甚至达到榴辉岩相）变质作用的产物。它的发现说明在班公湖-怒江结合带内部存在高压变质带,可能是大洋深俯冲的产物,这对研究青藏高原特提斯洋的形成演化具有重要意义。

近50年怒江流域中上游枯季径流变化及其对气候变化的响应

利用长序列观测记录,分析怒江流域中上游1960~2009年枯季气温和降水的变化规律,探讨近50 a来该流域中上游枯季径流变化特征及其对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：怒江流域中上游冬季和春季气温均有上升趋势;怒江流域中上游春季和冬季降水量均有增加的趋势;怒江干流道街坝站冬季和春季平均流量都有显著的增加趋势;无论是年最小1、7、30及90 d流量等枯季极值流量,还是75%,90%,95%等不同保证率枯水径流特征值,1990 s和2000 s均远高于其他年代,说明20世纪90年代以来怒江流域枯水径流有较为明显的增长。