Mobile sensor nodes such as hopping sensors are of critical importance in data collection.However,the occurrence of sensing holes is unavoidable due to the energy limitation of the nodes.Thus,it is evident that the re...Mobile sensor nodes such as hopping sensors are of critical importance in data collection.However,the occurrence of sensing holes is unavoidable due to the energy limitation of the nodes.Thus,it is evident that the relocation of mobile sensors is the most desirable method to recover the sensing holes.The previous research conducted by the authors so far demonstrated the most realistic hopping sensor relocation scheme,which is suitable for the distributed environment.In previous studies,the cluster header plays an essential role in detecting the sensing hole and requesting the neighboring cluster to recover the sensing hole that occurred in the sensor node.However,the limitations of the cluster header in the previously proposed relocation protocol are not fully considered.Because the cluster header jumps more frequently than non-header nodes,its energy con-sumption is relatively high compared to other nodes.Therefore,it is most likely to lead to header node failure and can lead to data loss on the network.In this paper,the jumping ability and energy consumption of the cluster header are seriously considered.Additional ability to replace cluster headers in case of failure is also implemented.Simulation results show that the data collection time can be further increased,which demonstrates the validity of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
Flexibility of underground structures relative to the surrounding medium, referred to as the flexibility ratio, is an important factor that influences their dynamic interaction. This study investigates the flexibility...Flexibility of underground structures relative to the surrounding medium, referred to as the flexibility ratio, is an important factor that influences their dynamic interaction. This study investigates the flexibility effect of a box-shaped subway tunnel, resting directly on bedrock, on the ground surface acceleration response using a numerical model verified against dynamic centrifuge test results. A comparison of the ground surface acceleration response for tunnel models with different flexibility ratios revealed that the tunnels with different flexibility ratios influence the acceleration response at the ground surface in different ways. Tunnels with lower flexibility ratios have higher acceleration responses at short periods, whereas tunnels with higher flexibility ratios have higher acceleration responses at longer periods. The effect of the flexibility ratio on ground surface acceleration is more prominent in the high range of frequencies. Furthermore, as the flexibility ratio of the tunnel system increases, the acceleration response moves away from the free field response and shifts towards the longer periods. Therefore, the flexibility ratio of the underground tunnels influences the peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the ground surface, and may need to be considered in the seismic zonation of urban areas.展开更多
Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) mea...Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurement results show that the rise and fall times of an incident wave increases with an increasing inclination angle; also, the fluctuations of the incident wave disappear gradually with the increase of inclination angle. The following characteristics for various defects in the SHPB were obtained by numerical simulation: (1) the influence of a curved bar was negligible; (2) misalignment modestly affects the fluctuation characteristics, and bending waves were generated at this condition; (3) inclination and indentation of the impact end- surface had a great impact on the incident waves, and both of them increase the rise time of the incident wave by increasing the degree of defects. In view of the results, misalignment, inclination, and indentation in SHPB experiments should be minimized.展开更多
In order to investigate the fatigue performance ofFrench high modulus asphalt concrete and the correlationbetween Burger's parameters and fatigue life, the virtualmodel of asphalt mixture trapezoidal specimen in the ...In order to investigate the fatigue performance ofFrench high modulus asphalt concrete and the correlationbetween Burger's parameters and fatigue life, the virtualmodel of asphalt mixture trapezoidal specimen in the two-pointbending fatigue test was constructed in discrement elementsoftware PFC3D. The initial stiffness and the maximum stresswhen the specimen reached fatigue were calculated. Throughthe comparison between virtual and single field fatigue testcurves, the credibility of simulation in DEM was verified.Then, the impacts of top controlled displacement and Burger'sparameters ( El, E2, η1, η2) on the fatigue life of the specimenwere explored. The simulation results indicate that themaximum stress increases with the increase in the topcontrolled displacement. With the increase of E1 and thedecrease of E2 in Burger's model, the modulus of the asphaltbinder increases, and the fatigue performance of the asphaltmixture enhances, η1 and η22 have limited influence on fatiguelife compared with El and E2.展开更多
In this paper, the synchronization of the fractional-order generalized augmented Lti system is investigated. Based on the predictor--corrector method, we obtain phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent...In this paper, the synchronization of the fractional-order generalized augmented Lti system is investigated. Based on the predictor--corrector method, we obtain phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and Poincar6 maps of the fractional-order system and find that a four-wing chaotic attractor exists in the system when the system pa- rameters change within certain ranges. Further, by varying the system parameters, rich dynamical behaviors occur in the 2.7-order system. According to the stability theory of a fractional-order linear system, and adopting the linearization by feedback method, we have designed a nonlinear feedback controller in our theoretical analysis to implement the synchro- nization of the drive system with the response system. In addition, the synchronization is also shown by an electronic circuit implementation for the 2.7-order system. The obtained experiment results accord with the theoretical analyses, which further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.展开更多
Magnetically dispersed arc plasma exhibits typically dispersed uniform arc column as well as diffusive cathode root and diffusive anode root. In this paper magnetically dispersed arc plasma coupled with solid cathod...Magnetically dispersed arc plasma exhibits typically dispersed uniform arc column as well as diffusive cathode root and diffusive anode root. In this paper magnetically dispersed arc plasma coupled with solid cathode is numerically simulated by the simplified cathode sheath model of LOWKE . The numerical simulation results in argon show that the maximum value of arc root current density on the cathode surface is 3.5×10^7 A/m^2), and the maximum value of energy flux on the cathode surface is 3× 10^7 J/m^2, both values are less than the average values of a contracted arc, respectively.展开更多
Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical ...Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth(BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature(BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years afterbackfilling(BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario(CWS) of 0.025°C·year ^(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.展开更多
This study develops an optimized finite difference iterative (OFDI) scheme for the two-dimensional (2D) viscoelastic wave equation. The OFDI scheme is obtained using a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) metho...This study develops an optimized finite difference iterative (OFDI) scheme for the two-dimensional (2D) viscoelastic wave equation. The OFDI scheme is obtained using a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. It has sufficiently high accuracy with very few unknowns for the 2D viscoelastic wave equation. Existence, stability, and convergence of the OFDI solutions are analyzed. Numerical simulations verify efficiency and feasibility of the proposed scheme.展开更多
The parabolized stability equation (PSE) method has been proven to be a useful and convenient tool for the investigation of the stability and transition problems of boundary layers. However, in its original formulat...The parabolized stability equation (PSE) method has been proven to be a useful and convenient tool for the investigation of the stability and transition problems of boundary layers. However, in its original formulation, for nonlinear problems, the complex wave number of each Fourier mode is determined by the so-called phase-locked rule, which results in non-self-consistency in the wave numbers. In this paper, a modification is proposed to make it self-consistent. The main idea is that, instead of allowing wave numbers to be complex, all wave numbers are kept real, and the growth or decay of each mode is simply manifested in the growth or decay of the modulus of its shape function. The validity of the new formulation is illustrated by comparing the results with those from the corresponding direct numerical simulation (DNS) as applied to a problem of compressible boundary layer with Mach number 6.展开更多
In vitro experiments have shown that subtle fluid flow environment plays a significant role in living biological tissues, while there is no in vivo practical dynamical measurement of the interstitial fluid flow veloci...In vitro experiments have shown that subtle fluid flow environment plays a significant role in living biological tissues, while there is no in vivo practical dynamical measurement of the interstitial fluid flow velocity. On the basis of a new finding that capillaries and collagen fibrils in the interosseous membrane form a parallel array, we set up a porous media model simulating the flow field with FLUENT software, studied the shear stress on interstitial cells' surface due to the interstitial fluid flow, and analyzed the effect of flow on protein space distribution around the ceils. The numerical simulation results show that the parallel nature of capillaries could lead to directional interstitial fluid flow in the direction of capillaries. Interstitial fluid flow would induce shear stress on the membrane of interstitial cells, up to 30 Pa or so, which reaches or exceeds the threshold values of cells' biological response observed in vitro. Interstitial fluid flow would induce nonuniform spacial distribution of secretion protein of mast cells. Shear tress on cells could be affected by capillary parameters such as the distance between the adjacent capillaries, blood pressure and the permeability coefficient of capillary's wall. The interstitial pressure and the interstitial porosity could also affect the shear stress on cells. In conclusion, numerical simulation provides an effective way for in vivo dynamic interstitial velocity research, helps to set up the vivid subtle interstitial flow environment of cells, and is beneficial to understanding the physiological functions of interstitial fluid flow.展开更多
The residual stresses in the wall of a SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup were evaluated by split-ring tests, and the influences of stamping die parame- ters on the residual stress were investigated. A new...The residual stresses in the wall of a SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup were evaluated by split-ring tests, and the influences of stamping die parame- ters on the residual stress were investigated. A new theoretical model of a split-ring test was developed to evaluate the resid- ual stress in a ring, which was verified to be reasonable and reliable by numerical simulations with ABAQUS code and by nanoindentation tests. Seven groups of split-ring tests were completed, and the residual stresses were calculated according to the theoretical model. The split-ring test results showed that the circumferential residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup was very large and did not change with the different die comer radius. The circumferential residual stress first increased with the increase of drawing punch-die clearance, then was almost unchanged when the clearance increased greater than blank thickness 1 mm. Thus, a smaller clearance was suggested to be chosen to reduce the residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel drawing cup.展开更多
A model relating the translational and rotational transport of orientation distribution function (ODF) of fibers to the gradient of mean ODF and the dispersion coefficients is proposed to derive the mean equation fo...A model relating the translational and rotational transport of orientation distribution function (ODF) of fibers to the gradient of mean ODF and the dispersion coefficients is proposed to derive the mean equation for the ODE Then the ODF of fibers is predicted by numerically solving the mean equation for the ODF together with the equations of turbulent boundary layer flow. Finally the shear stress and first normal stress difference of fiber suspensions are obtained. The results, some of which agree with the available relevant experimental data, show that the most fibers tend to orient to the flow direction. The fiber aspect ratio and Reynolds number have significant and negligible effects on the orientation dis- tribution of fibers, respectively. The additional normal stress due to the presence of fibers is anisotropic. The shear stress of fiber suspension is larger than that of Newtonian solvent, and the first normal stress difference is much less than the shear stress. Both the additional shear stress and the first normal stress difference increase with increasing the fiber concentration and decreasing fiber aspect ratio.展开更多
A finite difference numerical procedure and a sereralpurpose comput-er prosrani for 3D elliptic flow problems are developed, with the fictitious stag-gered-grids and the momentum interpolation technique on nonstaggere...A finite difference numerical procedure and a sereralpurpose comput-er prosrani for 3D elliptic flow problems are developed, with the fictitious stag-gered-grids and the momentum interpolation technique on nonstaggered grids.The algorithm and the computer展开更多
Models to describe the damage and fracture behaviors of the interface between the fuel foil and cladding in UMo/Zr monolithic fuel plates were established and numerically implemented.The effects of the interfacial coh...Models to describe the damage and fracture behaviors of the interface between the fuel foil and cladding in UMo/Zr monolithic fuel plates were established and numerically implemented.The effects of the interfacial cohesive strength and cohesive energy on the irradiationinduced thermal-mechanical behaviors of fuel plates were investigated.The results indicated that for heterogeneously irradiated fuel plates:(1)interfacial damage and failure were predicted to be initiated near the fuel foil corner with higher fission densities,accompanied by the formation of a large gap after interface failure,which was consistent with some experimental observations;high tensile stresses in the fuel foil occurred near the edges of the failed interface,attributed to through-thickness cracking of the fuel foil,as found in some post-irradiation examinations;(2)the cohesive strength and cohesive energy of the interface both influenced the in-pile evolution behaviors of fuel plates;a lower cohesive strength or cohesive energy resulted in faster interfacial damage;(3)after interface fracture,the thickness of the whole plate increased to a greater degree(by~20%)than that of the samples without interfacial damage,which was attributed to the locally enhanced Mises stresses and the nearby creep deformations around the cracked interface.This study provided a theoretical basis for assessing failure in fuel elements.展开更多
The spin polarization phenomenon in lepton circular accelerators had been known for many years. It provides a new approach for physicists to study the spin feature of fundamental particles and the dynamics of spin-orb...The spin polarization phenomenon in lepton circular accelerators had been known for many years. It provides a new approach for physicists to study the spin feature of fundamental particles and the dynamics of spin-orbit coupling, such as spin resonances. We use numerical simulation to study the features of spin under the modulation of orbital motion in an electron storage ring. The various cases of depolarization due to spin-orbit coupling through an emitting photon and misalignment of magnets in the ring are discussed.展开更多
This problem is a nonlinear control system with variable-domain distributed parameter. In this paper, the numerical simulation of the dynamic functions has been carried out by transforming this problem to a fixed-dom...This problem is a nonlinear control system with variable-domain distributed parameter. In this paper, the numerical simulation of the dynamic functions has been carried out by transforming this problem to a fixed-domain initial-boundary value problem, and the numerical results are obtained: (1) Thedistribution of temperature rises, the ablation amount and velocity of the thermal shield vary with the time; (2) The maximum ablating velocity, the time of the ablation beginning and ending related to thetranspiration quantity. This method succeeds in overcoming the difficulty brought up by variable domain.On the other hand, the critical transpiration quantity for the surface to start ablating, the maximum ablating velocity and time of the ablation ending are obtained theoretically.展开更多
In this paper based on [1]we go further into the study of chaotic behaviour of theforced oscillator containing a square nonlinear term by the methods of multiple scalesand numerical simulation. Relation between the c...In this paper based on [1]we go further into the study of chaotic behaviour of theforced oscillator containing a square nonlinear term by the methods of multiple scalesand numerical simulation. Relation between the chaotic domain and principal resonance curve is discussed. By analyzing the stability of principal resonance curve weinfer that chaotic motion would occur near the frequency at which the principalresonance curve has vertical tangent.Results of numerical simulation confirm thisinference.Thus we offer an effective way to seek the chaotic motion of the systems which are hard to he investigated by Melnikoy method.展开更多
The three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was employed to simulatethe tide and current simul-tanuously for the first time in the Fushan Bay, Qingdao, China. Byadopting the elevation condition that was combined...The three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was employed to simulatethe tide and current simul-tanuously for the first time in the Fushan Bay, Qingdao, China. Byadopting the elevation condition that was combined with the tides M2, S2, K1 and O1 at the openboundary and by choosing the proper value of bottom roughness, the horizontal and verticaldistributions of the tidal current and water level variations in the bay were computed. The resultsagree well with the field observation data, indicating that this model can be used to predictaccurately the variation of tides and currents in the Fushan Bay and other costal regions in thefuture. Our study also provides useful information and a data base for the Olympic Projects thatwill be conducted in the Fushan Bay in 2008.展开更多
Formation of macrosegregation of 5 t steel ingots cast in sand molds with and without water-cooled copper tube is simulated by solving macroscopic mass, momentum, species and energy conservation equations with the con...Formation of macrosegregation of 5 t steel ingots cast in sand molds with and without water-cooled copper tube is simulated by solving macroscopic mass, momentum, species and energy conservation equations with the consideration of shrinkage formation. Predicted macrosegregation pattern of the ingots shows a fair agreement with the experimental data. Both calculations and experiments reveal that some positive segregation patches are formed at the bottom of ingot. With the water-cooled copper tube inserted in the sand mold, the ingot cast has a less intensive macrosegregation. Mechanisms of macrosegregation formation are numerically analyzed. Explanations regarding the influences of fluid flow and temperature change upon the segregation formation are provided.展开更多
The numerical investigation on extrudate swell through capillary die forviscoelastic fluid characteried by integral-type Maxwell constitutive equation was conducted byemploying the finite element method with the calcu...The numerical investigation on extrudate swell through capillary die forviscoelastic fluid characteried by integral-type Maxwell constitutive equation was conducted byemploying the finite element method with the calculation of viscoelastic extra stress in theconventional finite element. The method of avoiding singularity was also adopted by integrating thestrain history of the Gauss points for each element near the wall and the free surface. Theconvergence solutions at high Weissenberg number can be obtained by using the appropriate methods toreduce errors and improve the speed of convergence of the calculation, which include adding arelaxation factor of velocity in iteration process, or enlarging the reference viscosity, orreducing the elapsed time. The highest Weissenberg number obtained here is up to 3. 8, while thesolution at the Weissenberg number of 3. 75 was given in the previous work with similar extrudateswell ratio and the exit pressure drop by using differential Maxwell model with Elastic-ViscousStress Split (EVSS) combined with Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) scheme. The calculationsindicated that the method of dealing with integral consti- tutive equation introduced in this paperis suitable in simulating viscoelastic flow characterized by integral constitutive equation at highe-lastic level.展开更多
基金supported by Incheon National University Research Grant in 2020(2020–0437)。
文摘Mobile sensor nodes such as hopping sensors are of critical importance in data collection.However,the occurrence of sensing holes is unavoidable due to the energy limitation of the nodes.Thus,it is evident that the relocation of mobile sensors is the most desirable method to recover the sensing holes.The previous research conducted by the authors so far demonstrated the most realistic hopping sensor relocation scheme,which is suitable for the distributed environment.In previous studies,the cluster header plays an essential role in detecting the sensing hole and requesting the neighboring cluster to recover the sensing hole that occurred in the sensor node.However,the limitations of the cluster header in the previously proposed relocation protocol are not fully considered.Because the cluster header jumps more frequently than non-header nodes,its energy con-sumption is relatively high compared to other nodes.Therefore,it is most likely to lead to header node failure and can lead to data loss on the network.In this paper,the jumping ability and energy consumption of the cluster header are seriously considered.Additional ability to replace cluster headers in case of failure is also implemented.Simulation results show that the data collection time can be further increased,which demonstrates the validity of the proposed algorithms.
文摘Flexibility of underground structures relative to the surrounding medium, referred to as the flexibility ratio, is an important factor that influences their dynamic interaction. This study investigates the flexibility effect of a box-shaped subway tunnel, resting directly on bedrock, on the ground surface acceleration response using a numerical model verified against dynamic centrifuge test results. A comparison of the ground surface acceleration response for tunnel models with different flexibility ratios revealed that the tunnels with different flexibility ratios influence the acceleration response at the ground surface in different ways. Tunnels with lower flexibility ratios have higher acceleration responses at short periods, whereas tunnels with higher flexibility ratios have higher acceleration responses at longer periods. The effect of the flexibility ratio on ground surface acceleration is more prominent in the high range of frequencies. Furthermore, as the flexibility ratio of the tunnel system increases, the acceleration response moves away from the free field response and shifts towards the longer periods. Therefore, the flexibility ratio of the underground tunnels influences the peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the ground surface, and may need to be considered in the seismic zonation of urban areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11402277 and 11332011) for financial support
文摘Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurement results show that the rise and fall times of an incident wave increases with an increasing inclination angle; also, the fluctuations of the incident wave disappear gradually with the increase of inclination angle. The following characteristics for various defects in the SHPB were obtained by numerical simulation: (1) the influence of a curved bar was negligible; (2) misalignment modestly affects the fluctuation characteristics, and bending waves were generated at this condition; (3) inclination and indentation of the impact end- surface had a great impact on the incident waves, and both of them increase the rise time of the incident wave by increasing the degree of defects. In view of the results, misalignment, inclination, and indentation in SHPB experiments should be minimized.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51378121)
文摘In order to investigate the fatigue performance ofFrench high modulus asphalt concrete and the correlationbetween Burger's parameters and fatigue life, the virtualmodel of asphalt mixture trapezoidal specimen in the two-pointbending fatigue test was constructed in discrement elementsoftware PFC3D. The initial stiffness and the maximum stresswhen the specimen reached fatigue were calculated. Throughthe comparison between virtual and single field fatigue testcurves, the credibility of simulation in DEM was verified.Then, the impacts of top controlled displacement and Burger'sparameters ( El, E2, η1, η2) on the fatigue life of the specimenwere explored. The simulation results indicate that themaximum stress increases with the increase in the topcontrolled displacement. With the increase of E1 and thedecrease of E2 in Burger's model, the modulus of the asphaltbinder increases, and the fatigue performance of the asphaltmixture enhances, η1 and η22 have limited influence on fatiguelife compared with El and E2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61174094)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11202148)
文摘In this paper, the synchronization of the fractional-order generalized augmented Lti system is investigated. Based on the predictor--corrector method, we obtain phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and Poincar6 maps of the fractional-order system and find that a four-wing chaotic attractor exists in the system when the system pa- rameters change within certain ranges. Further, by varying the system parameters, rich dynamical behaviors occur in the 2.7-order system. According to the stability theory of a fractional-order linear system, and adopting the linearization by feedback method, we have designed a nonlinear feedback controller in our theoretical analysis to implement the synchro- nization of the drive system with the response system. In addition, the synchronization is also shown by an electronic circuit implementation for the 2.7-order system. The obtained experiment results accord with the theoretical analyses, which further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50876101,11035005)
文摘Magnetically dispersed arc plasma exhibits typically dispersed uniform arc column as well as diffusive cathode root and diffusive anode root. In this paper magnetically dispersed arc plasma coupled with solid cathode is numerically simulated by the simplified cathode sheath model of LOWKE . The numerical simulation results in argon show that the maximum value of arc root current density on the cathode surface is 3.5×10^7 A/m^2), and the maximum value of energy flux on the cathode surface is 3× 10^7 J/m^2, both values are less than the average values of a contracted arc, respectively.
基金supported by the research projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41401081) "Thermal impacts of organic matter on properties of permafrost soils in the Da Xing'anling (Hinggan) Mountains"the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Ministry of Science and Technology, China "Impacts of human activities on the hydrothermal processes of permafrost in the Da Xing'anling (Hinggan) Mountains – a case study from the Gulian strip coal mine" (Grant No. SKLFSE-ZT-41)
文摘Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth(BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature(BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years afterbackfilling(BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario(CWS) of 0.025°C·year ^(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11671106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2016MS33)
文摘This study develops an optimized finite difference iterative (OFDI) scheme for the two-dimensional (2D) viscoelastic wave equation. The OFDI scheme is obtained using a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. It has sufficiently high accuracy with very few unknowns for the 2D viscoelastic wave equation. Existence, stability, and convergence of the OFDI solutions are analyzed. Numerical simulations verify efficiency and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11202147,11472188,11332007,11172203,and 91216111)the Specialized Research Fund(New Teacher Class)for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120032120007)
文摘The parabolized stability equation (PSE) method has been proven to be a useful and convenient tool for the investigation of the stability and transition problems of boundary layers. However, in its original formulation, for nonlinear problems, the complex wave number of each Fourier mode is determined by the so-called phase-locked rule, which results in non-self-consistency in the wave numbers. In this paper, a modification is proposed to make it self-consistent. The main idea is that, instead of allowing wave numbers to be complex, all wave numbers are kept real, and the growth or decay of each mode is simply manifested in the growth or decay of the modulus of its shape function. The validity of the new formulation is illustrated by comparing the results with those from the corresponding direct numerical simulation (DNS) as applied to a problem of compressible boundary layer with Mach number 6.
基金supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Disci-pline Project (B112 and T0302)Shanghai Science & Technology Development Foundation (09DZ1976600)Shanghai Rising-Star Program (10QA1406100)
文摘In vitro experiments have shown that subtle fluid flow environment plays a significant role in living biological tissues, while there is no in vivo practical dynamical measurement of the interstitial fluid flow velocity. On the basis of a new finding that capillaries and collagen fibrils in the interosseous membrane form a parallel array, we set up a porous media model simulating the flow field with FLUENT software, studied the shear stress on interstitial cells' surface due to the interstitial fluid flow, and analyzed the effect of flow on protein space distribution around the ceils. The numerical simulation results show that the parallel nature of capillaries could lead to directional interstitial fluid flow in the direction of capillaries. Interstitial fluid flow would induce shear stress on the membrane of interstitial cells, up to 30 Pa or so, which reaches or exceeds the threshold values of cells' biological response observed in vitro. Interstitial fluid flow would induce nonuniform spacial distribution of secretion protein of mast cells. Shear tress on cells could be affected by capillary parameters such as the distance between the adjacent capillaries, blood pressure and the permeability coefficient of capillary's wall. The interstitial pressure and the interstitial porosity could also affect the shear stress on cells. In conclusion, numerical simulation provides an effective way for in vivo dynamic interstitial velocity research, helps to set up the vivid subtle interstitial flow environment of cells, and is beneficial to understanding the physiological functions of interstitial fluid flow.
基金supported in part by Xiangtan University Doctoral Fund, China (Grant 12QDZ17)the Excellent Youth Program of Education Bureau of Hunan Province, China (Grant 12B124)the Key Program of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation United with Xiangtan, China (Grant 13JJ8005)
文摘The residual stresses in the wall of a SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup were evaluated by split-ring tests, and the influences of stamping die parame- ters on the residual stress were investigated. A new theoretical model of a split-ring test was developed to evaluate the resid- ual stress in a ring, which was verified to be reasonable and reliable by numerical simulations with ABAQUS code and by nanoindentation tests. Seven groups of split-ring tests were completed, and the residual stresses were calculated according to the theoretical model. The split-ring test results showed that the circumferential residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup was very large and did not change with the different die comer radius. The circumferential residual stress first increased with the increase of drawing punch-die clearance, then was almost unchanged when the clearance increased greater than blank thickness 1 mm. Thus, a smaller clearance was suggested to be chosen to reduce the residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel drawing cup.
基金The project supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(10632070)
文摘A model relating the translational and rotational transport of orientation distribution function (ODF) of fibers to the gradient of mean ODF and the dispersion coefficients is proposed to derive the mean equation for the ODE Then the ODF of fibers is predicted by numerically solving the mean equation for the ODF together with the equations of turbulent boundary layer flow. Finally the shear stress and first normal stress difference of fiber suspensions are obtained. The results, some of which agree with the available relevant experimental data, show that the most fibers tend to orient to the flow direction. The fiber aspect ratio and Reynolds number have significant and negligible effects on the orientation dis- tribution of fibers, respectively. The additional normal stress due to the presence of fibers is anisotropic. The shear stress of fiber suspension is larger than that of Newtonian solvent, and the first normal stress difference is much less than the shear stress. Both the additional shear stress and the first normal stress difference increase with increasing the fiber concentration and decreasing fiber aspect ratio.
文摘A finite difference numerical procedure and a sereralpurpose comput-er prosrani for 3D elliptic flow problems are developed, with the fictitious stag-gered-grids and the momentum interpolation technique on nonstaggered grids.The algorithm and the computer
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12132005,11772095,12102094)the Foundation from Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory。
文摘Models to describe the damage and fracture behaviors of the interface between the fuel foil and cladding in UMo/Zr monolithic fuel plates were established and numerically implemented.The effects of the interfacial cohesive strength and cohesive energy on the irradiationinduced thermal-mechanical behaviors of fuel plates were investigated.The results indicated that for heterogeneously irradiated fuel plates:(1)interfacial damage and failure were predicted to be initiated near the fuel foil corner with higher fission densities,accompanied by the formation of a large gap after interface failure,which was consistent with some experimental observations;high tensile stresses in the fuel foil occurred near the edges of the failed interface,attributed to through-thickness cracking of the fuel foil,as found in some post-irradiation examinations;(2)the cohesive strength and cohesive energy of the interface both influenced the in-pile evolution behaviors of fuel plates;a lower cohesive strength or cohesive energy resulted in faster interfacial damage;(3)after interface fracture,the thickness of the whole plate increased to a greater degree(by~20%)than that of the samples without interfacial damage,which was attributed to the locally enhanced Mises stresses and the nearby creep deformations around the cracked interface.This study provided a theoretical basis for assessing failure in fuel elements.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10875118)
文摘The spin polarization phenomenon in lepton circular accelerators had been known for many years. It provides a new approach for physicists to study the spin feature of fundamental particles and the dynamics of spin-orbit coupling, such as spin resonances. We use numerical simulation to study the features of spin under the modulation of orbital motion in an electron storage ring. The various cases of depolarization due to spin-orbit coupling through an emitting photon and misalignment of magnets in the ring are discussed.
文摘This problem is a nonlinear control system with variable-domain distributed parameter. In this paper, the numerical simulation of the dynamic functions has been carried out by transforming this problem to a fixed-domain initial-boundary value problem, and the numerical results are obtained: (1) Thedistribution of temperature rises, the ablation amount and velocity of the thermal shield vary with the time; (2) The maximum ablating velocity, the time of the ablation beginning and ending related to thetranspiration quantity. This method succeeds in overcoming the difficulty brought up by variable domain.On the other hand, the critical transpiration quantity for the surface to start ablating, the maximum ablating velocity and time of the ablation ending are obtained theoretically.
文摘In this paper based on [1]we go further into the study of chaotic behaviour of theforced oscillator containing a square nonlinear term by the methods of multiple scalesand numerical simulation. Relation between the chaotic domain and principal resonance curve is discussed. By analyzing the stability of principal resonance curve weinfer that chaotic motion would occur near the frequency at which the principalresonance curve has vertical tangent.Results of numerical simulation confirm thisinference.Thus we offer an effective way to seek the chaotic motion of the systems which are hard to he investigated by Melnikoy method.
文摘The three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was employed to simulatethe tide and current simul-tanuously for the first time in the Fushan Bay, Qingdao, China. Byadopting the elevation condition that was combined with the tides M2, S2, K1 and O1 at the openboundary and by choosing the proper value of bottom roughness, the horizontal and verticaldistributions of the tidal current and water level variations in the bay were computed. The resultsagree well with the field observation data, indicating that this model can be used to predictaccurately the variation of tides and currents in the Fushan Bay and other costal regions in thefuture. Our study also provides useful information and a data base for the Olympic Projects thatwill be conducted in the Fushan Bay in 2008.
基金supported by "High-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment" Major Science and Technology Project of China(No.2009ZX04014-081)Post-Doctor Project of China (No.20080431162)Young Expert Science Foundation of Harbin University of Science and Technology(No.2008XQJZ005)
文摘Formation of macrosegregation of 5 t steel ingots cast in sand molds with and without water-cooled copper tube is simulated by solving macroscopic mass, momentum, species and energy conservation equations with the consideration of shrinkage formation. Predicted macrosegregation pattern of the ingots shows a fair agreement with the experimental data. Both calculations and experiments reveal that some positive segregation patches are formed at the bottom of ingot. With the water-cooled copper tube inserted in the sand mold, the ingot cast has a less intensive macrosegregation. Mechanisms of macrosegregation formation are numerically analyzed. Explanations regarding the influences of fluid flow and temperature change upon the segregation formation are provided.
文摘The numerical investigation on extrudate swell through capillary die forviscoelastic fluid characteried by integral-type Maxwell constitutive equation was conducted byemploying the finite element method with the calculation of viscoelastic extra stress in theconventional finite element. The method of avoiding singularity was also adopted by integrating thestrain history of the Gauss points for each element near the wall and the free surface. Theconvergence solutions at high Weissenberg number can be obtained by using the appropriate methods toreduce errors and improve the speed of convergence of the calculation, which include adding arelaxation factor of velocity in iteration process, or enlarging the reference viscosity, orreducing the elapsed time. The highest Weissenberg number obtained here is up to 3. 8, while thesolution at the Weissenberg number of 3. 75 was given in the previous work with similar extrudateswell ratio and the exit pressure drop by using differential Maxwell model with Elastic-ViscousStress Split (EVSS) combined with Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) scheme. The calculationsindicated that the method of dealing with integral consti- tutive equation introduced in this paperis suitable in simulating viscoelastic flow characterized by integral constitutive equation at highe-lastic level.