Quantitative Analysis of Nursing Observation Employing a Portable Eye-Tracker

Background: Observation is an important skill for making appropriate nursing decisions and engaging in good practice. However, experts’ observation behavior and cognitive processes cannot be easily verbalized or documented in an objective and accurate manner. Quantitative analysis of the observation behavior of nurses with rich clinical experience will yield effective educational data for fostering and improving nursing students’ observation skills. Objectives: To improve nursing assessment education, the differences in the information gathering processes between clinical nurses and nursing students were analyzed by using a portable eye-tracker. Design: An experimental study. Settings: The experiment was performed at a university in Japan. Participants: The participants were 11 clinical nurses with at least 5 years of clinical experience for postoperative patients, and 10 fourth-year nursing students. Methods: In a mock hospital room, wherein we recreated a situation where a patient in postoperative day 1 was confined to a bed, participants wore an eye-tracking camera and engaged in nursing observation to make an early postoperative ambulation assessment of the patient. Participants’ gaze points and gaze fixation durations were extracted from the gaze measurement data and compared. Results: Clinical nurses had shorter observation times and gaze durations than did nursing students, and focused more on the patient chart, intravenous drip, and indwelling drain. Students gazed for longest at the measuring devices for vital signs. Conclusions: We quantitatively analyzed differences in nursing observation according to clinical experience. Although no significant difference was found in gaze points, nursing students had a greater tendency to focus on information that was numerically displayed. Nurses with clinical experience conducted observations by gazing at information that they needed to focus on the most according to the patients’ postoperative course.

Psychological Study of a Patient with COVID-19 at the Early Stage of the Epidemic

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) has led to 199,466,211 confirmed cases, including 4,244,541 deaths by 6:44 pm CEST. This epidemic is now on the period of global outbreak, the control of COVID-19 has severely challenged the world. At the beginning of the outbreak, patients infected or suspected were observed and close contacts were isolated. The country delayed the resumption of work and school and all walks of life are seriously affected. All kinds of true and false information and rumours on the internet exist, aggravating people’s anxiety and restlessness. These factors altogether often induce people to feel various negative emotions and psychological problems. In this paper, a patient with COVID-19 was examined through psychological dynamic observation at the beginning of the epidemic. It was found that in the early stage of the epidemic, due to the lack of clear treatment guidelines, the main treatment methods and psychological problems were the main reasons affecting the recovery of patients. Many uncertain factors, including individual and social factors and quarantine, worry about the prognosis, etc, resulting in anxiety, fear, unacceptance, insomnia, irritability and other pessimistic moods. After 16 days of symptomatic treatment, psychological counselling and adjustments in a timely manner, the patient eventually recovered and was discharged. The discussion of this case could serve as a reference for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 in other countries and regions.