原发少见解剖部位NUT癌3例及文献复习

目的探讨NUT癌(NUT)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、分子改变和鉴别诊断要点。方法收集广东省人民医院2021至2024年诊断的3例NUT,总结其临床病理学参数,行免疫组化染色、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和二代测序(NGS),并复习相关文献。结果3例患者均为男性;年龄范围34~56岁;1例位于扁桃体,1例位于右肺,1例位于十二指肠。2例获得随访资料,2例患者分别于确诊后仍健大。肿瘤最大径4~7 cm(平均5.5 cm)。镜下检查3例为巢团状、低分化癌特点,其中小肠病例可见突然角化。免疫组化检测显示所有病例均表达CK、CAM5.2和NUT;1例行NGS检测显示存在BRD4::NUTM1(B11:N3)。结论NUT癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤。在掌握临床病史和组织学特征的基础上,同时结合免疫组化和分子检测综合分析,才能做出NUT的准确诊断。

喉NUT癌1例

1临床资料患者,女,19岁,因“咳血2个月”就诊于外院,支气管镜活检病理:(声门下)鳞状上皮乳头状增生,伴重度非典型性。病理会诊:鳞状上皮乳头状增生,伴中重度非典型性,未治疗。2022-09-09患者因Ⅱ度呼吸困难收入郑州大学第一附属医院。喉部增强CT示:喉咽部壁明显增厚,右侧壁软组织增强扫描边缘可见强化,相应喉腔狭窄,双侧颈部肿大淋巴结(图1A)。入院后患者再次无诱因出现呼吸困难,急诊行气管切开术,气管前淋巴结送病理,术后冰冻病理结果:高级别转移性癌,结合免疫组化,符合低分化鳞状细胞癌。

舌NUT癌合并远处转移1例

1病例资料。患者,男性,33岁,2020年7月因“发现舌根肿物4月余”就诊于川北医学院附属医院,完善颌面部CT(图1A)提示:左侧舌根部、舌肌(约左侧舌后2/3区域)团块影,考虑肿瘤性病变,伴颈部多发淋巴结肿大。PET-CT(图2)提示:左侧舌根部、口咽左侧壁及双侧颈动脉鞘旁多发淋巴结。

肺NUT癌的临床特征及CT影像学分析

目的 分析11例原发性肺NUT基因相关性癌(NUT癌)临床特征及CT影像学表现。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2023年10月空军军医大学附属唐都医院经免疫组化病理证实的11例肺NUT癌患者。男9例、女2例,年龄30-65岁,中位年龄51岁。收集患者临床信息、病理特点及影像资料,并对患者进行电话随访了解其治疗史及预后情况。结果肿块位于右肺5例,左肺5例,1例位于气管腔内。11例患者肺内病变均为分叶状生长,最大径线2.5cm~11.5cm,平均最大径线为5.5cm;6例病变CT平扫密度均匀,5例病变密度不均匀,8例患者行增强扫描所示肿块呈轻度强化。10例发生转移,其中纵隔及肺门淋巴结转移9例,肺内转移4例(同侧肺转移3例,双侧肺内转移1例),骨转移4例(3例溶骨性转移,1例成骨性转移),肝转移1例。11例免疫组化NUT均为阳性。5例患者死亡,其中3例患者未治疗,发病2月后出现多器官衰竭死亡,1例患者行化疗及肺叶切除术后2月死亡,1例患者行肺叶切除术后2月死亡。6例存活患者在治疗后随访时间1-33月。结论 NUT癌是一种肺少见的基因相关恶性实休肿瘤,双肺均可发生,表现为分叶状肿块,休积较大,密度均匀或不均匀,增强扫描呈轻度强化,常伴有肺门及纵隔内多发淋巴结转移,较容易发生远处转移。接受早期治疗后,可延长生存时间。

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbons from Palm Nut Shells: Effects of Calcination Temperature on Porosity and Chemical Properties

Activated carbons (ACs) calcined at 400˚C, 500˚C, and 600˚C (AC-400, AC-500, and AC-600) were prepared using palm nut shells from Gabon as raw material and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical activating agent. Prepared ACs were characterized by physisorption of nitrogen (N2), determination of diode and methylene blue numbers for studies of porosity and by quantification and determination of surface functional groups and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) respectively, for studies of chemical properties of prepared ACs. Then, effects of calcination temperature (Tcal) on porosity and chemical properties of prepared ACs were studied. The results obtained showed that when the calcination temperature increases from 500˚C to 600˚C, the porosity and chemical properties of prepared ACs are modified. Indeed, the methylene blue and iodine numbers determined for activated carbons AC-400 (460 and 7.94 mg·g−1, respectively) and AC-500 (680 and 8.90 mg·g−1, respectively) are higher than those obtained for AC-600 (360 and 5.75 mg·g−1, respectively). Compared to the AC-500 adsorbent, specific surface areas (SBET) and microporous volume losses for AC-600 were estimated to 44.7% and 45.8%, respectively. Moreover, in our experimental conditions, the effect of Tcal on the quantities of acidic and basic functional groups on the surface of the ACs appears negligible. In addition, results of the pHpzc of prepared ACs showed that as Tcal increases, the pH of the adsorbents increases and tends towards neutrality. Indeed, a stronger acidity was determined on AC-400 (pHpzc = 5.60) compared to those on AC-500 and AC-600 (pHpzc = 6.85 and 6.70, respectively). Also according to the results of porosity and chemical characterizations, adsorption being a surface phenomenon, 500˚C appears to be the optimal calcination temperature for the preparation of activated carbons from palm nut shells in our experimental conditions.

Ebus-TBNA淋巴结穿刺联合胸腔积液细胞蜡块诊断纵隔NUT癌的体会

NUT癌(NUT carcinoma)又称为伴睾丸核蛋白(the nuclear protein of the testis,NUT)基因重排的中线癌,它是一种组织起源不明的高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,非常罕见。以前人们认为该病仅发生于中线器官,但随着病例的积累,现在认为它不仅发生于中线器官,还可以发生于非中线器官,如腮腺、颌下腺等。

NUT癌病理诊断及发病机制的研究进展

NUT癌(nuclear protein in testis carcinoma,NC)是一种罕见的主要伴鳞状上皮分化的高度恶性肿瘤,预后极差,中位生存期仅6.5个月。其诊断主要依据特征性基因改变:位于染色体15q14的NUT(NUTM1)基因发生重排,其融合伴侣基因超过75%为位于染色体19p13.1的BRD4基因。近年来随着NUT免疫组化抗体及分子检测技术的广泛应用,文献报道的病例数量呈上升趋势。同时,新近报道了一些少见的组织学形态、免疫表型及伴侣基因。在此,笔者回顾性总结NUT癌病理诊断及发病机制的研究进展,以期避免在临床诊断工作中误诊,进而为NUT癌的治疗决策提供更为有效的科学依据。

中线(NUT)癌诊断与治疗专家共识(2023版)

伴睾丸核蛋白(nuclear protein in testis,NUT)基因重排的中线癌又称NUT癌,是一种罕见的高度侵袭性肿瘤,根据NUT中线癌家族成员1(NUT midline carcinoma family member 1,NUTM1)基因发生重排或突变定义。常规治疗方法对NUT癌效果欠佳,绝大多数患者预后差。现阶段对该基因变异的认识不足是制约NUT癌诊治取得进展的主要障碍。目前在临床实践中缺乏针对NUT癌临床特征、诊断及治疗方法的标准化指南,限制了临床医师对该疾病的充分认识。为了给临床医师提供更加明确规范的诊断参考依据,中国抗癌协会肿瘤基因诊断专业委员会中线(NUT)癌基因诊断工作组及中国抗癌协会肿瘤标志专业委员会组织了临床、病理、分子检测和生物信息分析等领域专家,综合国内外NUT癌临床应用的共识指南、重要文献及临床实践经验,共同制定了本共识,对NUT癌临床诊疗给出专家组意见,期望为临床医师提供NUT癌诊疗指导意见,降低NUT癌误诊率,提高治疗效果和预后。

Intruder trajectory tracking in a three-dimensional vibration-driven granular system:Unveiling the mechanism of the Brazil nut effect

We employ a Hall-effect magnetic sensor array to accurately track the trajectory of a single magnetic sphere,referred to as the“intruder,”within a three-dimensional vibro-fluidized granular bed to unravel the underlying physical mechanism governing the motion of the intruder.Within the acceleration range of 3.5 g≥Γ≥1.5 g,we find that,regardless of the intruder's initial position,it consistently reaches the same equilibrium depth when the vibration acceleration(Γ)and frequency(ω)are fixed.ForΓ≤2.5 g,the equilibrium position lies on the surface of the granular bed,while forΓ>2.5 g,it shifts below the surface.Additionally,intruders with different densities exhibit varying equilibrium depths,with higher density resulting in a deeper equilibrium position.To understand the mechanism behind the intruder's upward or downward motion,we measure its rising or sinking velocities under different vibration parameters.Our findings demonstrate that the rising velocity of the intruder,under varying vibration accelerations(Γ)and frequencies(ω),can be collapsed using the ratioΓ/ω,while the sinking velocity remains unaffected by the vibration strength.This confirms that the upward motion of the larger sphere,associated with the Brazil nut effect,primarily arises from the void-filling mechanism of the bed particles.Furthermore,our experiments reveal that the presence of convection within the bed particles has minimal impact on the motion of the intruder.

Late Oligocene fossil acorns and nuts of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis from the Nanning Basin,Guangxi,South China

Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil record.Most of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and nuts.Fossil records of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis characterized by ring-cupped acorns are relatively few and especially those described based on nuts are scant.In this study,we described four new species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis based on mummified acorns and nuts:Q.paleodisciformis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.paleohui X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.nanningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.and Q.yongningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.These species closely resemble the extant species Q.disciformis,Q.hui,Q.kerrii,and Q.dinghuensis.The occurrence of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis in the Oligocene stratum of Guangxi,South China,suggests that the section has diversified within its extant distribution center since the Oligocene.By combining records from other areas,we propose that the section first appeared in the middle Eocene of East Asia(Sino-Japan),has diversified in situ with a few elements scattering into West Asia and southern Europe since the Oligocene and Pliocene,respectively,and finally became restricted in East Asia since the Pleistocene.This indicates that the section originated and diversified in East Asia,before spreading into West Asia no later than the Oligocene and into southern Europe by the Pliocene.Subsequently it disappeared from South Europe and West Asia due to the appearance of the(summer dry)Mediterranean climate and widespread cooling during the Pleistocene.

Nutrient coordination mechanism of tiger nut induced by rhizosphere soil nutrient variation in an arid area, China

Tiger nut is a bioenergy crop planted in arid areas of northern China to supply oil and adjust the planting structure.However,in the western region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,less water resources have resulted in a scarcity of available farmland,which has posed a huge obstacle to planting tiger nut.Cultivation of tiger nut on marginal land can effectively solve this problem.To fully unlock the production potential of tiger nut on marginal land,it is crucial for managers to have comprehensive information on the adaptive mechanism and nutrient requirement of tiger nut in different growth periods.This study aims to explore these key information from the perspective of nutrient coordination strategy of tiger nut in different growth periods and their relationship with rhizosphere soil nutrients.Three fertilization treatments including no fertilization(N:P(nitrogen:phosphorous)=0:0),traditional fertilization(N:P=15:15),and additional N fertilizer(N:P=60:15)were implemented on marginal land in the Dengkou County.Plant and soil samples were collected in three growth periods,including stolon tillering period,tuber expanding period,and tuber mature period.Under no fertilization,there was a significant correlation between N and P contents of tiger nut roots and tubers and the same nutrients in the rhizosphere soil(P<0.05).Carbon(C),N,and P contents of roots were significantly higher than those of leaves(P<0.05),and the C:N ratio of all organs was higher than those under other treatments before tuber maturity(P<0.05).Under traditional fertilization,there was a significant impact on the P content of tiger nut tubers(P<0.05).Under additional N fertilizer,the accumulation rate of N and P was faster in stolons than in tubers(P<0.05)with lower N:P ratio in stolons during the tuber expansion period(P<0.05),but higher N:P ratio in tubers(P<0.05).The limited availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere soil prompts tiger nut to increase the C:N ratio,improving N utilization efficiency,and maintaining N:P ratio in tubers.Elevated N levels in the rhizosphere soil decrease the C:N ratio of tiger nut organs and N:P ratio in stolons,promoting rapid stolon growth and shoot production.Supplementary P is necessary during tuber expansion,while a higher proportion of N in fertilizers is crucial for the aboveground biomass production of tiger nut.

Mechanisms and reusability potentials of zirconium-polyaziridine-engineered tiger nut residue towards anionic pollutants

Access to fresh water,its availability,and its quality are a global challenge to humanity,largely due to human activities in the environment.Thus,global water security has been jeopardized,requiring urgent remediation to safeguard our very existence.Hence,a novel and facilely engineered zirconium and polyethylenimine adsorbent based on tiger nut residue (TNR) was prepared,and its adsorptive capabilities towards a model dyestuff and nutrient were invested through a batch adsorption method.The developed adsorbent,zirconium-polyethylenimine-engineered tiger nut residue (TNR@PEI–Zr) was characterised by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand its morphology and surface chemistry and predict its adsorption mechanism.TNR@PEI–Zr had a p H point of zero charge (pH_(zpc)) of 6.7.The introduction of salts inhibited the removal efficiency of Alizarin red (AR) and phosphate (PO_(4)^(3–)) in the order of HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2–)>Cl^(-).Increasing temperatures (293–313 K) favoured the adsorption process at pH 3.The Langmuir model suited the adsorption processes of both AR and PO_(4)^(3–),implying homogenous and monolayer removal of pollutants with a maximal capacity of 537.8 mg·g^(-1)and 100.5 mg·g^(-1)at a dose of 0.01 g,respectively.The rate-determining steps of AR and PO_(4)^(3–)followed a pseudo-secondorder kinetic model and were thermodynamically spontaneous with an increase in randomness at the solid-solution interface.The adsorbent’s recyclability was notable and outperformed most adsorbents in terms of removal efficiency.TNR@PEI–Zr was found to be stable,and its use in practical wastewater decontamination was effective,ecologically acceptable and free of secondary pollution problems.

Effects of areca nut consumption on cell differentiation of osteoblasts, myoblasts, and fibroblasts

Areca nut is used worldwide as a hallucinogenic addicting drug along the tropical belt.Arecoline,a toxic compound,is the most important alkaloid in areca nuts.The adverse effects of oral uptake and chewing of areca nut are well known.For example,the possibility of cancer caused by chewing areca nuts is widely discussed.Chewing areca nut has other adverse effects on other organs,including abnormal cell differentiation,oral cancer,and several other diseases.The use of areca nut is also associated with low birthweight.Skeletal musculature is the largest organ in the body and is attached to the bones.During embryo development,the differentiation of bone and muscle cells is critical.In this article,we reviewed the effects of areca nut and arecoline on embryonic cell differentiation,particularly osteoblasts,myoblasts,and fibroblasts.

Residual Capacity of Friction⁃Type High⁃Strength Bolted T⁃stub Connection with Nut Corrosion Damage

Corrosion is a primary cause of the slippage of friction⁃type high⁃strength bolted(FHSB)T⁃stub connections.This paper attempts to quantify the residual capacity of FHSB T⁃stub connections with corroded nuts.Firstly,corrosion simulation tests were conducted on 48 manually cut nuts to find out the relationship between the damage degree of nut section and the residual clamping force(RCF)of bolt.Then,static load tests were carried out on 24 FHSB T⁃stub connections with nuts of different degrees of damage to obtain the failure modes.By finite⁃element(FE)models,a comparative analysis was performed on the initial friction load(IFL)and ultimate strength(US)of each connection with corroded nuts.Finally,the parameters of 96 FE models for FHSB T⁃stub connections were analyzed and used to derive the calculation formulas for the degree of damage for each nut and the IFL and US of each connection.The results show that the RCF decay of a bolt is a quadratic function of the equivalent radius loss ratio and the shear failure after nut corrosion;the IFL of each connection had a clear linear correlation with the RCF of the corresponding bolts,and the correlation depends on the applied load and static friction on connecting plate interface induced by the clamping force;the static friction had little impact on the US of the connection;the proposed IFL and US formulas can effectively derive the residual anti⁃slip capacity of FHSB T⁃stub connections from the degree of damage of the corroded nut section.The research results provide a scientific basis for the replacement and maintenance of corroded bolts of FHSB T⁃stub connections.

Impact of Four Fiber Sources and the Strategy of Feeding on the Nutritional Quality of Rabbit Meat (Oryctogalagus cuniculis)

This study was conducted to valorize four sources of fiber (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera and palm nut fibers) in animal production. The experiments were carried out on 128 rabbits divided into 4 batches of 32 animals, reared for 8 weeks under the same conditions. Each batch was subdivided into two subgroups, one fed with a complete diet (a diet containing one of the fiber sources and served all day) and the other with the same diet separated from the fiber source (served at 9 a.m. and supplemented with the fiber source at 4 p.m.). Eight (8) experimental rations were, respectively, tested on the subgroups: complete feed Gliricidia sepium (CFG);supplemented feed Gliricidia sepium (SFG);complete feed Leucaena leucocephala (CFL);supplemented feed Leucaena leucocephala (SFL);complete feed Moringa oleifera (CFM);supplemented feed Moringa oleifera (SFM);complete feed palm nut fiber (CFF);supplemented feed palm nut fiber (SFF). In each subgroup, 4 rabbits were slaughtered at 15 weeks of age for a total of 32 rabbits. Physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on the feed and the meat. Data were analyzed using SAS 2013 software. Fiber content was similar (p > 0.05) for complete feeds. Fat content was high (p < 0.001) for the palm nuts fiber (27.34%) and the CFF feed (11.36%). Feeding rabbits with G. sepium leaves or palm nut fiber continuously increased the fat content of the meat in contrast to sequential feeding. Meat quality was also better when the fiber source was used in the feed of the rabbits in the evening.

基于Nut/OS的GPRS无线数据终端设计实现

GPRS(通用分组无线业务)是一组新的非语音通信增值业务。它利用现有的移动电话网络发送和接收信息。本课题研究设计了一种基于网络技术的嵌入式GPRS无线数据终端,该GPRS无线数据终端在8位高性能嵌入式微处理器AT-mega128和实时多线程操作系统Nut/OS的基础上设计实现。该用户终端能以低廉、快速、可靠的方式连入GPRS网络和互联网,用户终端数据信息实时简洁传送。同时为用户终端安全稳定的运行提供了可靠的保证。

中国古代槟榔文化的接受与传播

作为舶来品的槟榔,在饮食、医药、赋税等方面扮演过重要的角色,具有丰厚的历史文化。梳理文献发现,两汉三国时期,槟榔视作“奇草异木”记载在各种《异物志》中,开始被接受;南北朝时期,槟榔是贵族士宦的“奢侈品”,唐代受佛教平等思想影响日渐向大众传播,宋代逐渐成为百姓家的“寻常物”。槟榔之所以能被接受与传播,并在海南用于婚俗,是因其本身的物质文化之外,还与其因贵异而用于重要的人际礼仪、文人墨客极力推崇渲染和赋予了槟榔君子品格等精神文化有着莫大的关系。

原发于右侧卵巢的睾丸核蛋白癌1例报道

睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个月,1年和5年总体生存率分别为24.99%和7.09%。NUT癌最常见的位置是肺部(约占35.3%),其次是头颈部(约占33.6%),纵隔(约占26%)。而原发于腹腔骨盆的只有3例(约占2.5%)[2]。现将本科室收治的1例原发于右侧卵巢(即腹腔骨盆处)的睾丸核蛋白癌女性患儿的临床诊治经过及治疗方案与大家分享,报告如下。

肺NUT癌3例临床病理观察

目的探讨肺NUT癌的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法分析3例肺NUT癌的临床资料、组织学形态和免疫表型,并结合文献讨论。结果患者中2例男性,1例女性,年龄分别为54岁、19岁及62岁,症状为咳嗽、咳痰等。CT示肿瘤最大径分别为9 cm、11 cm及7.5 cm。1例为手术切除标本,2例为肺穿刺活检组织。镜下肿瘤细胞巢团状或片状分布,伴较多坏死。大部分为未分化的肿瘤细胞,细胞小~中等,卵圆形或多边形,核异型性大,核仁明显,核分裂象多见。局部见突然的鳞状细胞分化。免疫表型示NUT、p63、p40弥漫(+),AE1/AE3、CK5/6局灶或弥漫(+);2例vimentin(+),1例CD56、CD34(+)。3名患者在诊断后2~5个月死亡。结论肺NUT癌是高度侵袭性肿瘤,其病理形态及免疫表型具有一定特征,免疫组化在诊断中有重要作用。

对稳态NUT-Kerr-Newman黑洞的量子隧穿特征的研究

运用Parikh的量子隧穿模型,研究了NUT-Kerr-Newman黑洞的量子隧穿辐射特征.研究结果表明,当考虑能量守恒与角动量守恒时,稳态NUT-Kerr-Newman黑洞的真实谱不再是纯热谱,视界处粒子的隧穿率与Bekenstein-Hawking熵有关,且满足量子力学中的幺正性原理.