Objectives:The paper evaluates the benefit and risk for human health associated with consumption of sea cucumber Holothuria poli(H.polil from Italian coasts(Central Mediterranean Sea).Materials and Methods:Body wall(B...Objectives:The paper evaluates the benefit and risk for human health associated with consumption of sea cucumber Holothuria poli(H.polil from Italian coasts(Central Mediterranean Sea).Materials and Methods:Body wall(BW),internal tunic(ITu),muscle bands(MBs),alimentary canal(AC),gonad(Gd),and respiratory tree(RT)of H.polii were analyzed for proximate composition.Moreover,amino acids(AAs),fatty acids(FAs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocar bons(PAHs)were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UPLC UV/Vis),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),respectively.Results:Differences in the contents of total amino acids(TAAs)occurred based on tissue and sex,with AC and MB of female and Gd of male showing higher contents(range 47.8-60.2 g/kg we weight(ww)).Glycine and glutamic acid were the most abundant.Polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was the major class of FAs and arachidonic acid and eicosapentenoic acid(EPA)were the predominant PUFA.n-3 PUFA showed higher content in Gd,AC,and RT,indicating higher quality.A favorable n-3/n-6 in the range of 1.04-1.67 was observed.PAHs showed values ranging from 23 to 207μg/kg ww with the highest levels in Gd and AC tissues and the lower in BW.Benzo[alpyrene,the most toxic compound,was detected in all tissues,of both sexes,at levels of 1.5-18μg/kg ww.Conclusion:All tissues of H.poli,although with differences among them,are valuable food and can contribute for a healthy diet.Excess cancer risk(CR)values for Gd and AC tissues were above the considerable CR threshold of one in 10000 established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)for high ingestion rate of this seafood.展开更多
The paper presents nutritional problems of elderly people from an international perspective,due to the diversity of nutritional recommendations.The acceptance and readiness to purchase functional foods by consumers ha...The paper presents nutritional problems of elderly people from an international perspective,due to the diversity of nutritional recommendations.The acceptance and readiness to purchase functional foods by consumers has been widely studied,but no studies have been conducted on the attitude of older consumers to innovative products with health consequences.The perception of functional food by the elderly and the analysis of factors determining the purchase of food that improves health are of great importance.The fi rst part of the study provides an overview of functional products available on the market,against a background of diverse nutritional needs of older people.In the second part of the study,the opinion of seniors on the role and place of special food for older people in their diet,as well as possibilities and limitations were analyzed.Research shows that the market for older consumers is not homogeneous,because the reasoning of health and health determinants is different.There is a group of consumers,which are looking for healthy food.There are also critical and cautious consumers and consumers of natural products.Different themes and barriers to the use of products with health claims have been identifi ed and described.展开更多
文摘Objectives:The paper evaluates the benefit and risk for human health associated with consumption of sea cucumber Holothuria poli(H.polil from Italian coasts(Central Mediterranean Sea).Materials and Methods:Body wall(BW),internal tunic(ITu),muscle bands(MBs),alimentary canal(AC),gonad(Gd),and respiratory tree(RT)of H.polii were analyzed for proximate composition.Moreover,amino acids(AAs),fatty acids(FAs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocar bons(PAHs)were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UPLC UV/Vis),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),respectively.Results:Differences in the contents of total amino acids(TAAs)occurred based on tissue and sex,with AC and MB of female and Gd of male showing higher contents(range 47.8-60.2 g/kg we weight(ww)).Glycine and glutamic acid were the most abundant.Polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was the major class of FAs and arachidonic acid and eicosapentenoic acid(EPA)were the predominant PUFA.n-3 PUFA showed higher content in Gd,AC,and RT,indicating higher quality.A favorable n-3/n-6 in the range of 1.04-1.67 was observed.PAHs showed values ranging from 23 to 207μg/kg ww with the highest levels in Gd and AC tissues and the lower in BW.Benzo[alpyrene,the most toxic compound,was detected in all tissues,of both sexes,at levels of 1.5-18μg/kg ww.Conclusion:All tissues of H.poli,although with differences among them,are valuable food and can contribute for a healthy diet.Excess cancer risk(CR)values for Gd and AC tissues were above the considerable CR threshold of one in 10000 established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)for high ingestion rate of this seafood.
文摘The paper presents nutritional problems of elderly people from an international perspective,due to the diversity of nutritional recommendations.The acceptance and readiness to purchase functional foods by consumers has been widely studied,but no studies have been conducted on the attitude of older consumers to innovative products with health consequences.The perception of functional food by the elderly and the analysis of factors determining the purchase of food that improves health are of great importance.The fi rst part of the study provides an overview of functional products available on the market,against a background of diverse nutritional needs of older people.In the second part of the study,the opinion of seniors on the role and place of special food for older people in their diet,as well as possibilities and limitations were analyzed.Research shows that the market for older consumers is not homogeneous,because the reasoning of health and health determinants is different.There is a group of consumers,which are looking for healthy food.There are also critical and cautious consumers and consumers of natural products.Different themes and barriers to the use of products with health claims have been identifi ed and described.
