The soil organic matter and nutrients are fundamental for the sustainability of pear production, but little is known about the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and nutrients in a pear orchard. With the soil...The soil organic matter and nutrients are fundamental for the sustainability of pear production, but little is known about the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and nutrients in a pear orchard. With the soil of the pear （cv. Dangshansu on P.betulifolia Bunge. rootstock） orchard under clean and sod cultivation models as test materials, the experiment was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （STN）, total phosphorus （STP）, total potassium （STK）, available nitrogen （SAN）, and available potassium （SAK） in and between rows at different soil depths （0-60 cm）. The SOM, STN, STP, STK, SAN and SAK of the different soil layers under the two tillage models were different in the vertical direction. The SOM, STN, STP and SAN in the 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than those in the 20-40 and 40- 60 cm soil layers. The STK of 40-60 cm soil layer was higher than that in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. The STK increased with the depth of soil in the vertical direction in the clean cultivated pear orchard. Variability of the SOM, STN, STP, STK, SAN and SAK of sample sites in between rows of the same soil layer was found in the pear orchard soil in the horizontal direction under clean and sod cultivation management systems, except that STK of all sites did not show the difference in identical soil layers in the pear orchard under clean cultivation. The sod cultivation model improved the SOM, STN, and STK in the 0-20 cm soil layer in the pear orchard, and the three components increased by 12.8, 12.7 and 7.3% compared to clean cultivation, respectively. The results can be applicable to plan collection of orchard soil samples, assess orchard soil quality, and improve orchard soil management practices.展开更多
The dry matter production and its nutrient amounts varied significantly with time and period from April to June was a favourable season for plant growth. Dry matter production declined significantly with clipping. E...The dry matter production and its nutrient amounts varied significantly with time and period from April to June was a favourable season for plant growth. Dry matter production declined significantly with clipping. Especially, repeated cutting of high frequencies for the long term had a severe effect on dry matter production. However, N, P, and K amounts in dry matter production did not significantly decline because the concentrations of N, P, and K in the plants increased with clipping. Repeated cutting for long term is a reason why net primary production has been depressed in the most of upland areas of southern China.展开更多
【目的】探究氮钾肥施用次数对棉花的影响,为进一步提高长江流域棉区夏直播棉花产量提供参考。【方法】于2021―2022年开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为钾肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:K1[播种前(PP)100%]和K2[PP 50%+见花(FF)0 d ...【目的】探究氮钾肥施用次数对棉花的影响,为进一步提高长江流域棉区夏直播棉花产量提供参考。【方法】于2021―2022年开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为钾肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:K1[播种前(PP)100%]和K2[PP 50%+见花(FF)0 d 50%];副区为氮肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:N2[PP 20%+FF 0 d 80%]、N3[PP 20%+FF 0 d 60%+FF 21 d 20%]和N4[PP 10%+FF 0 d 50%+FF 7 d 30%+FF 21 d 10%]。分析不同处理对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮钾积累与分配、产量及其构成因素和养分利用率的影响。【结果】K2N3处理下棉株和源、流、库器官拔秆期的干物质质量和氮、钾积累量以及干物质快速积累期的持续时间和平均积累速率均低于K2N4处理,但干物质以及氮钾向库器官的分配比例较K2N4处理高。K2N3处理可获得较高的籽棉产量和皮棉产量,较K1N2处理(产量最低)分别显著提高31.4%和31.9%,进一步增加施氮次数(K2N4处理)没有显著提高棉花产量。K2N3和K2N4处理的氮肥和钾肥偏生产力无显著差异,但二者均显著高于其他处理。主成分分析结果显示棉花产量的差异主要来源于铃数,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配有利于提高棉花产量。【结论】长江流域棉区麦后直播棉花,2次施钾配合3次施氮能促进棉株对氮钾的吸收,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配,增加铃数,提高棉花产量。展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-29-40)
文摘The soil organic matter and nutrients are fundamental for the sustainability of pear production, but little is known about the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and nutrients in a pear orchard. With the soil of the pear （cv. Dangshansu on P.betulifolia Bunge. rootstock） orchard under clean and sod cultivation models as test materials, the experiment was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （STN）, total phosphorus （STP）, total potassium （STK）, available nitrogen （SAN）, and available potassium （SAK） in and between rows at different soil depths （0-60 cm）. The SOM, STN, STP, STK, SAN and SAK of the different soil layers under the two tillage models were different in the vertical direction. The SOM, STN, STP and SAN in the 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than those in the 20-40 and 40- 60 cm soil layers. The STK of 40-60 cm soil layer was higher than that in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. The STK increased with the depth of soil in the vertical direction in the clean cultivated pear orchard. Variability of the SOM, STN, STP, STK, SAN and SAK of sample sites in between rows of the same soil layer was found in the pear orchard soil in the horizontal direction under clean and sod cultivation management systems, except that STK of all sites did not show the difference in identical soil layers in the pear orchard under clean cultivation. The sod cultivation model improved the SOM, STN, and STK in the 0-20 cm soil layer in the pear orchard, and the three components increased by 12.8, 12.7 and 7.3% compared to clean cultivation, respectively. The results can be applicable to plan collection of orchard soil samples, assess orchard soil quality, and improve orchard soil management practices.
文摘The dry matter production and its nutrient amounts varied significantly with time and period from April to June was a favourable season for plant growth. Dry matter production declined significantly with clipping. Especially, repeated cutting of high frequencies for the long term had a severe effect on dry matter production. However, N, P, and K amounts in dry matter production did not significantly decline because the concentrations of N, P, and K in the plants increased with clipping. Repeated cutting for long term is a reason why net primary production has been depressed in the most of upland areas of southern China.
文摘【目的】探究氮钾肥施用次数对棉花的影响,为进一步提高长江流域棉区夏直播棉花产量提供参考。【方法】于2021―2022年开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为钾肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:K1[播种前(PP)100%]和K2[PP 50%+见花(FF)0 d 50%];副区为氮肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:N2[PP 20%+FF 0 d 80%]、N3[PP 20%+FF 0 d 60%+FF 21 d 20%]和N4[PP 10%+FF 0 d 50%+FF 7 d 30%+FF 21 d 10%]。分析不同处理对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮钾积累与分配、产量及其构成因素和养分利用率的影响。【结果】K2N3处理下棉株和源、流、库器官拔秆期的干物质质量和氮、钾积累量以及干物质快速积累期的持续时间和平均积累速率均低于K2N4处理,但干物质以及氮钾向库器官的分配比例较K2N4处理高。K2N3处理可获得较高的籽棉产量和皮棉产量,较K1N2处理(产量最低)分别显著提高31.4%和31.9%,进一步增加施氮次数(K2N4处理)没有显著提高棉花产量。K2N3和K2N4处理的氮肥和钾肥偏生产力无显著差异,但二者均显著高于其他处理。主成分分析结果显示棉花产量的差异主要来源于铃数,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配有利于提高棉花产量。【结论】长江流域棉区麦后直播棉花,2次施钾配合3次施氮能促进棉株对氮钾的吸收,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配,增加铃数,提高棉花产量。
