Research on the Distributional Features of and Interrelationships Between the Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, pH Value and Nutrient Salts in the Honghai Bay Waters

In this paper, the environmental factors are surveyed of the mariculture waters of the Honghai Bay from the late spring to the early summer (June) in 1998. The distributional features and variation laws of dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH value and nutrient salts in the sea water are expounded. Also discussed are their relationships between each other. The results show that the contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value in the sea water increase with the increasing temperature from north (except for No.15~17 stations) to south (expect for No.6 station). At the same time it is affirmed that photosynthesis is the major cause of the high contents of dissolved oxygen and pH value. And the nutrient salt shows a negative correlation with salinity. The total content of phytoplankton obviously increased with the reduction of nutrient salts from north to south.

Responses of Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Salt Stress as Affected by Nutrient Concentrations

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of applying different concentrations of the macronutrients K＋,Ca2＋,and Mg2＋ on the responses of contrasting rice（Oryza sativa L.） genotypes under salt stress.A solution culture experiment was conducted in a phytotron at the International Rice Research Institute（IRRI）,under controlled temperature and humidity and natural sunlight.When subjected to salt stress of 100 mmol L-1 using NaCl,the salt tolerant genotypes FL478 and IR651,accumulated less Na＋ and maintained lower ratios of Na＋/K＋,Na＋/Ca2＋,and Na＋/Mg2＋ than the sensitive genotypes IR29 and Azucena.These tolerant genotypes also had higher concentrations of K＋ in their shoots and greater root and shoot biomass and green leaf area.Tolerant genotypes also maintained much lower concentration of Na＋ and lower and more favorable ratios of Na＋/K＋,Na＋/Ca2＋,and Na＋/Mg2＋ in their active and developing tissues.Salt tolerance and shoot and root growth of both tolerant and sensitive genotypes were enhanced considerably when higher concentrations of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ were applied in culture solution.The concentration of Na＋ and the ratios of Na＋/K＋,Na＋/Ca2＋,and Na＋/Mg2＋ in shoots also declined significantly.The beneficial effects of higher calcium were greater than that of magnesium and application of higher concentration of K＋ seems to have minor effects.Responses to salinity in rice can therefore be considerably enhanced through proper nutrient management,by increasing the concentrations of nutrient elements that have favorable effects such as Ca2＋ and Mg2＋.Calcium is particularly more effective than both magnesium and potassium,and can be applied at relatively larger quantities in salt affected soils.

Purification of Several Salt Marsh Plants to the Coastal Wetlands in the Estuary of Yellow River

The paper compared the differences between above ground and underground biomass of four types of plants.The heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,As,Hg)and nutrients(TN,TP)content in tissues of four maturity plants were detected,and their enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient were calculated.The results showed that Suaeda salsa had the largest concentrated capacity on Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Phragmites australis was larger on the Cd,Hg than other plants.Considering the purification of four plants,the effect on the restoration of heavy metal pollution was better if we harvested Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa.Four plants had a larger difference in absorption capacity of nitrogen and smaller absorption of phosphorus.Phosphorus uptake was significantly smaller than nitrogen.Harvesting Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa can reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus content of the wetland,while harvesting Spartina alterniflora and Typha orientalis can reduce total phosphorus content.

Nutrient profiles in interstitial water and flux in water-sediment interface of the Zhujiang Estuary of China in summer

The profiles of nutrient salts in the interstitial water of sediment were analyzed in the Zhu- jiang Estuary in the summer of 1999, and based on the profiles of content and characteristic of nutri- ents, the relationship between nutrients in the interstitial water and organic matter decomposition in sediment was discussed. The results showed that ammonium with high content was the main existence form of nutrients in the interstital water of sediment, and the organic matter decomposition was com- pleted in anaerobic condition. The increase of ammonium content in the bottom water resulted from the decomposition of organic matter and release of metabolic production, and the ammonium bottom flux was an important resource for nutrients geochemistry in the Zhujiang Estuary.

Genotypic Variation in Nutrient Selectivity in Populus under NaCl Stress

We used a salt-resistant poplar genotype Populus euphratica and two salt-sensitive genotypes, Populus 'popularis 35-44' (P. popularis) and the hybrid P. talassica Kom x (P. euphratica + Salix alba L.) to examine genotypic differences in nutrient selectivity under NaCl stress. One-year-old seedlings of P. euphratica and one-year-old hardwood cuttings of P. popularis were used in a short-term study (24 hours), while in a long-term study, up to 4 weeks, two-year-old seedlings of P. euphratica and the hybrid P. talassica Kom x (P. euphratica + Salix alba L.) were compared. In the short-term study, K+ concentration in the xylem sap ([K+]xylem) of P. euphratica significantly increased after salt stress was initiated, and maintained 1-2 fold higher than control levels during the period of salt stress (24 hours). Xylem Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]xylem, [Mg2+]xylem) in P. euphratica resembled the pattern of K+ despite a lesser magnitude in elevation. However, [K+]xylem, [Ca2+]xylem and [Mg2+]xylem in P. popularis exhibited a transient increase at the beginning of salt treatment, thereafter, they all returned to control levels at 4 hours and no further rise was observed in the following hours. Xylem Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ in P. popularis increased sharply upon NaCl stress and steadily reached the maximum at 24 hours. In contrast, xylem Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ in NaCl-treated plants of P. euphratica did not significantly increase during the period of salt stress (24 hours). Noteworthy, Na+/K+ markedly declined after the onset of stress. These results suggest that P. euphratica had a higher nutrient selectivity in face of salinity. A same trend was observed in a 4-week study. Xylem Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ in salinised plants of the hybrid abruptly increased after 4 days of stress, and then continuously increased to reach the highest level at day 8 or day 15. In comparison, the magnitude of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ elevation in the xylem of P. euphratica was much lower during the observation period. In conclusion, salt-tolerant genotype P. euphratica maintained a higher nutrient selectivity under saline stress, as compared to the two salt-sensitive genotypes. The high capacity for nutrient uptake and transport presumably contributes to the salt tolerance of P. euphratica in a longer term.

氯化钾替代氯化钠对腌渍黄瓜品质的影响

近几年,低盐化逐渐成为代的饮食需求,在人们的健康生活中变得越来越重要,低盐化腌渍蔬菜的研究已经成为健康饮食的研究热点。该研究的目的是利用氯化钾替代氯化钠发酵黄瓜,不仅能够减少钠元素的摄入,而且能够丰富黄瓜的加工利用方式。通过研究发现,钾元素对黄瓜发酵过程中产生的危害人体健康的亚硝酸盐具有一定的抑制作用,10%和20%替代组的含量最低,最低为1.13~2.61 mg/kg,均远低于国家标准20 mg/kg,通过跟踪测定分析得出30%氯化钾替代发酵效果最佳。因为腌菜制品容易产生的有害物质亚硝酸盐可能存在食品安全问题,因此该试验得到的钾元素替代方法可以在发酵上避免这种可能性,保证发酵黄瓜制品的安全性。

The Negative Effect of Heavy Metal Salts on the Body of Mammal Animals

The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.

不同刈割时间对南北疆油莎豆根际土壤养分和盐基离子含量的影响

【目的】探究不同刈割时间对南北疆油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)根际土壤养分和盐基离子的影响。【方法】2021年5月15日在南疆莎车县北疆阜康市种植油莎豆,分别于播种后第78、91、106和124天采集油莎豆根际土壤样品进行养分和盐基离子分析测定。【结果】采样点和刈割时间显著影响了油莎豆根际土壤的pH(P<0.05);采样点和刈割时间的交互作用显著影响了油莎豆根际土壤的pH、全氮、全磷和全钾含量(P<0.05),对油莎豆根际土壤的离子含量均没有显著影响。北疆油莎豆根际土壤的全氮、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于南疆(P<0.05),但北疆的阳离子(钠离子、钾离子、钙离子和镁离子)含量显著低于南疆(P<0.05)。在北疆地区,油莎豆根际土壤的pH与速效钾和氯离子含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与碳酸氢根离子含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。在南疆地区,油莎豆根际土壤的pH与速效钾含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与氯离子和钠离子含量呈正相关关系。【结论】刈割改变了南北疆种植油莎豆根际土壤全钾、速效钾和速效磷含量及pH值,改变了北疆油莎豆根际土壤氯离子含量,但刈割时间和采样点(北疆)的交互作用对土壤全氮和全磷的影响最大,为实际生产中在新疆区域推广种植油莎豆提供理论依据。

盐分胁迫对基质栽培番茄养分吸收与生长的影响

探究了盐分胁迫对基质栽培番茄养分吸收及生长的影响,以期为番茄基质栽培营养液管理提供参考。以“德尔5号”番茄为试材,营养液设置0 mmol/L(CK)、30 mmol/L(低浓度)、60 mmol/L(中浓度)、120 mmol/L(高浓度)4个不同NaCl浓度处理,比较不同NaCl浓度处理营养液对番茄不同部位叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、钠等矿质元素含量及生物量、产量的影响。结果表明:①NaCl胁迫番茄叶片K含量显著降低,Na含量显著升高,中浓度以上胁迫番茄下部叶Mg含量显著下降。试验条件下,NaCl胁迫对番茄叶片N、P、Ca含量无显著影响;②中低浓度NaCl胁迫对番茄生长影响较小,高浓度NaCl胁迫抑制番茄生长,生物量及产量均显著降低。综上,营养液含中低浓度NaCl(60 mmol/L)对番茄生长及产量影响较小,为预防番茄K、Mg缺乏,缓解盐分胁迫,可适当提高营养液配方中K、Ca、Mg比例。

1987-2020年三门湾海岸带LUCC与近岸生态环境变化

分析LUCC(土地利用/覆被变化)对提高土地开发利用效率和推动生态环境保护工作具有重要意义。选取三门湾海岸带为研究区,以1987—2020年6期Landsat影像为数据源,采用GIS和RS技术,利用定量分析法、土地转移矩阵模型对三门湾海岸带土地利用时空格局进行分析。结果表明:①建设用地、耕地和水产养殖用地是三门湾海岸带主导土地利用类型,人类活动和城镇化导致建设用地和水产养殖面积增加,土地利用转移主要表现为耕地向建设用地、滩涂向水产养殖用地转移的趋势。②在土地利用结构性质转变影响下,近30年来三门湾近岸水体营养盐含量呈现先增高后降低的趋势;近20年来近岸综合潜在生态指数由16.47升至21.18;人类活动对三门湾海岸带近岸生态环境造成威胁。

固定化菌藻填料强化人工湿地去除营养盐和PFOS效果研究

针对全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, PFOS)污染现状,开展3种人工湿地去除复合污染水体中营养盐和全氟辛烷磺酸的效果研究。选取普通垂直流人工湿地(Constructed Wetlands, CW)、固定化菌人工湿地(Immobilized Bacteria Constructed Wetlands, IB-CW)和固定化菌藻填料人工湿地(Immobilized Bacteria Algal Constructed Wetlands, IBA-CW)为研究对象,通过露天试验研究3种湿地在不同质量浓度PFOS下对水体中污染物的去除效果。结果显示,3种湿地对水体中的营养盐和PFOS均具有较好的去除能力,且PFOS对各营养盐的去除具有一定的影响。高质量浓度(100μg/L)PFOS抑制风车草生长,CW植物PFOS质量比达到试验最高值,为(100.56±3.28)μg/g, IB-CW和IBA-CW风车草的总生物量分别比CW增加了10.73%和18.52%。低质量浓度(1μg/L)PFOS促进风车草的生长,IBA-CW风车草总生物量达到了试验最高值,与未加PFOS的处理组相比,生物量增长了16.05%。在高质量浓度PFOS胁迫下,3种人工湿地化学需氧量(Cemical Oxygen Demand, COD)、NH3-N、总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)和总磷(Total Phosphorus, TP)的去除效果均有所降低。其中,与对照组(无PFOS)相比,IBA-CW对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的去除率分别降低了(4.23±0.21)百分点、(10.50±0.45)百分点、(13.33±0.51)百分点和(6.87±0.25)百分点,比其他两种湿地降幅小。3种人工湿地均可以有效去除废水中的PFOS,IBA-CW对PFOS的去除率优于CW和IB-CW。3种人工湿地中填料吸附占比均大于植物占比,IBA-CW中填料贡献率比CW高12.90百分点,比IB-CW高5.51百分点。

基于稻虾共作系统水稻收割后水体水质及沉积物重金属风险评估

为探究稻虾共作系统中水稻收割后水体营养盐和沉积物重金属的分布特征,评估其水生态风险,通过监测4块稻虾田的种养后期水体中的理化指标,评价了稻虾田中分子氨和沉积物重金属的毒性,系统分析了种养体系中水体营养盐、重金属的生态毒性风险.结果表明,稻虾种养模式的水稻收割后,水体pH值高,达到9.25;总氮、氨氮和COD浓度分别达到14.15、11.49和92.01 mg/L.常年的稻虾共作系统中,沉积物中的重金属wAs(16.21 mg·kg^(-1))和wCd(0.20 mg·kg^(-1))水平较高,分别超背景值2.35倍和1.72倍,其他重金属含量较低.综合潜在生态风险指数和潜在生物毒性评价结果均表明,稻虾共作系统中沉积物重金属的生态风险低,这与克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)养殖需要矿物质元素有关.综上所述,稻虾共作系统具有潜在修复土壤重金属污染的能力.

厦门杏林湾水库底泥有机质和营养盐的分布特征与来源及污染评价

以厦门杏林湾水库为研究对象,测定表层底泥中有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、游离态氮(FN)、可交换态氮(EN)、酸解态氮(HN)、残渣态氮(RN)、总磷(TP)、有机磷(OP)、无机磷(IP)、铁铝结合态磷(NaOH-P)和钙结合态磷(HCl-P)的质量比,分析表层底泥中有机质及营养盐的分布特征和污染状况。结果表明:杏林湾水库底泥中OM,TN和TP的平均质量比分别为49360.28,1588.63,1095.63 mg·kg^(-1);OM,TN,EN和HN的空间分布呈现从后溪汇入处至入海口处先增加后减小、从九天湖排洪渠和董任排洪渠交汇处至入海口处逐渐减小的特征;TP,IP,NaOH-P和HCl-P的空间分布呈现随水流方向逐渐减小的特征;底泥具有较高氮磷释放风险,易发生富营养化问题,其中,氮主要来源于有机质富集,磷主要来源于上游支流及周边地区含磷农业废水和居民生活污水,OM主要来源于高等植物;氮、磷单项污染指数和综合污染指数整体上均处于重度污染,营养盐污染主要来源于氮,有机指数整体处于尚清洁水平,且底泥整体受到有机氮污染。

滴灌水盐氮调控对棉田水肥盐运移及棉花产量的影响

为明析覆膜滴灌条件下水盐氮调控对土壤水盐养分运移变化、棉花生长指标及产量的影响,通过两年三因素全组合大田试验,设置灌水量三水平(W1:2700 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、W2:3600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)和W3:4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2))、含盐量三水平(S1:3 dS·m^(-1)、S2:6 dS·m^(-1)和S3:9 dS·m^(-1))、施氮量三水平(F1:105 kg·hm^(-2)、F2:210 kg·hm^(-2)和F3:315 kg·hm^(-2)),研究了不同水盐氮组合对土壤水分、盐分、氮素分布及植株生长、产量的影响。结果表明:土壤水分主要聚集在30~40 cm土层,不同土层深度的含水率基本呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;蕾期和花铃期的S3F3W1和S2F3W1比S1F3W1的0~40 cm土层平均含水率增大1.3%~21.8%;同一灌溉量下S1F3组合的平均含水率比S1F2和S1F1增大1.39%~13.83%。土壤盐分生育期内呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势;S1土壤盐分随施氮量的增大而先增大后减小,S2、S3土壤盐分随施氮量的增加而减少。W2、W3处理中,氮素在40~60 cm土层中缓慢积聚;S1处理的氮素含量明显高于S2、S3。土壤水分、盐分、氮素含量交互影响,在适宜的土壤水分、氮素条件下,较低的土壤含盐量,能使植株更好地利用养分,利于植株的生长进而促进产量的形成。为获得较高的经济效益,低、中盐土壤推荐灌溉量为3600 m^(3)·hm^(-2),施氮量为210 kg·hm^(-2);高盐土壤推荐灌溉量为4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2),施氮量为315 kg·hm^(-2)。研究为探索干旱区多年膜下滴灌棉花农田生态系统水盐养分运移机制及水肥高效利用提供科学的理论依据。

自制功能型营养液对缓解芹菜盐胁迫的效果研究

以动物(虾粉、鱼粉、骨粉、角粉)、植物(豆粕、蘑菇、海藻、海带)的废弃物为主原料,通过酶解法分别制得动物营养液(DW)、植物营养液(ZW),并以DW和ZW按体积比1∶1混合制得植物-动物混合营养液(ZD)。采用盆栽试验,研究了3种营养液在土壤含盐质量分数为0.3%条件下对芹菜生长的影响。试验共设11个处理,以不含盐土壤未施营养液的处理为对照1(CK1),以含盐土壤未施营养液的处理为对照2(CK2)。结果表明:CK2处理受盐胁迫后,芹菜生长明显受到抑制;ZD稀释500倍的处理可增加芹菜株高,达到14.9 cm;ZW稀释1000倍的处理分蘖数最多,根体积达到9.3 cm^(3),地上部的干、鲜质量以及地下部的鲜质量均高于其他处理的,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量也最多。ZW稀释1000倍的处理可明显提高芹菜的耐盐胁迫能力,促进其生长。

洪湖沉积物营养盐分布特征及释放潜力评价

介绍了洪湖及主要入湖河流沉积物中营养盐分布特征和释放潜力,分别测定不同区域不同深度沉积物中总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(TP)、易释放态磷(Labile-P)的含量。结果表明:沉积物中TN和TP浓度均处于严重污染水平,河流沉积物中的TN含量低于湖泊,而TP则相反;TN污染在湖泊南部、东北部区以及河流中上游最为严重,而TP仅在湖泊中呈中部低、南北高的特征;洪湖沉积物NH_(4)^(+)-N静态释放量约为192.4 t/a,动态释放量为51.18~259.69 t/次;Labile-P静态释放量约为3.37 t/a,动态释放量为18.80~46.58 t/次;TN动态释放量为162.44~1243.34 t/次,TP动态释放量为40.89~64.54 t/次。

盐胁迫对核桃幼苗解剖结构和营养元素的影响

为揭示盐胁迫下不同核桃基因型的适应机制及耐盐性差异,筛选耐盐性较强的种资资源,研究了盐胁迫下3种不同基因型核桃幼苗叶、根解剖结构和营养元素的变化。以北加州黑核桃(J1)、杂种核桃‘中宁异’(J2)、‘新新2号’核桃(J3)一年生实生幼苗为材料,在盆栽条件下进行NaCl胁迫(0、50、100、200 mmol/L),研究幼苗叶、根解剖结构和Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn含量的变化及其吸收、运输和分配特征。结果表明:盐胁迫下,J1的叶片、上表皮、下表皮、栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度、根维管束直径下降;J2的叶片、上表皮、下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织和皮层的厚度、栅海比、组织紧密度、维管束和导管的直径、皮层厚度占径比随盐浓度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势;盐处理下,J3的叶片、下表皮、栅栏组织的厚度、栅海比、皮层厚度占径比下降。随盐浓度的增加,Na含量呈上升趋势,在200 mmol/L下大幅度增加,J1、J2、J3叶中Na增幅为412.00%、130.05%、577.08%;K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn的吸收受到盐胁迫影响,K/Na、Ca/Na、Mg/Na降低,其中J2叶的K/Na、Mg/Na降幅最小,营养元素转运能力高于J1和J3。核桃幼苗通过加强根输导组织对K、Ca、Mg的选择性吸收和运输能力,维持叶片的基本结构与功能,从而抵御盐胁迫。主成分分析与隶属函数相结合得出耐盐强弱依次为杂种核桃‘中宁异’>‘新新2号’核桃>北加州黑核桃。

深圳市典型建筑渣土填海区绿地土壤理化特征研究

由于深圳市填海区土壤没有经过原位自然成土及生物演替过程,加上受经济发展和城市化进程的影响,导致绿地土壤质量下降,理化性质发生改变,因此开展填海区绿地土壤研究对于改善该区域生态环境具有重要意义。为明确该区域生态建设的主要障碍因子,于2018年在深圳前海自贸区采集20个土壤剖面(75个样品),采用物理和化学分析方法,测定了其土壤水分、盐分和养分的分布特征。结果表明:土壤含水量、盐分参数和养分含量在土层间的差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05),在垂直剖面上的分布较为稳定。土壤容重随着土层深度的增加先上升后下降,以30~60cm土层最高,而含水量的变化趋势相反,其随着土层深度的增加先降低后升高,以120~150cm最高,呈底聚型分布。土壤电导率和Na^(+)随着土层深度的增加先上升后下降,在60~90cm达到峰值,分别为其余土层的1.32~2.42倍、1.13~2.75倍,全盐量、Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)则呈现“降-升-降”的趋势,且电导率、全盐量与Na^(+)、Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)间均存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01。)此外,各层土壤的p H值为7.57~8.04,且从表层到底层依次递增。根据土壤类型划分标准,该区域1.5 m土体内的土壤均已发生碱化。不同土层的土壤养分差异较大,变异系数在61.2%~101.5%,且有机质贫乏,供氮能力差,有效磷空间变异强度大。填海区绿地土壤存在轻微的盐碱化、养分含量低且空间异质性大,因此利用时应注意降碱和培肥。

不同矿化度咸水对芙蓉葵光合特性及养分吸收的影响

为探究咸水处理处理对芙蓉葵生长及其养分分配策略的影响。本研究以芙蓉葵幼苗为研究材料,设置CK(自来水)、T1(2g/L)、T2(4 g/L)、T3(6 g/L)、T4(8 g/L)和T5(10 g/L),6个不同矿化度处理,以盆栽试验方式研究不同矿化度咸水处理对芙蓉葵生长及生理指标的影响。研究结果表明,当咸水矿化度≤2g/L时,对芙蓉葵株高、单株生物量和植株含水数量无显著影响,显著提高了干鲜比;当浇灌咸水矿化度高于2g/L时,芙蓉葵株高、单株生物量、干鲜比和植株含水量等生长指标均呈持续降低趋势。随着处理咸水矿化度的升高,芙蓉葵叶片Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr均出现了不同程度的降低,Pn在4g/L左右时开始显著低于对照处理,Gs、Ci和Tr在2g/L时均显著低于对照处理,但WUE呈先升高后降低趋势,在6g/L时达到最大值11.05mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。矿化度高于2g/L的咸水处理显著降低了芙蓉葵地上部中N和K积累量,但对P的吸收影响差异不显著,高矿化度(>4g/L)咸水处理显著抑制了芙蓉葵地上部对碳的固定,经主成分分析综合评价得出,咸水处理中T1处理(2g/L)得分最高,说明该处理对芙蓉葵生理影响最小。综上所述,采用矿化度2g/L左右的微咸水灌溉,为芙蓉葵提供水分的同时不会抑制其生长发育,因此可用于芙蓉葵栽植。

滨州市引黄平原水库水质演变趋势分析

采用季节性Kendall检验法,利用近20a的水质数据系列,对滨州市17座引黄平原水库的水质演变趋势及其原因进行分析。结果表明,水库水质污染呈显著减轻趋势、水质咸化呈显著减轻或稳定趋势、营养盐浓度稳定且持续处于较高水平,演变原因主要是水源黄河水水质改善、咸化控制措施有效、外源转内源的持续长期影响,同时也存在发生富营养化进而影响供水水质安全的风险,需有效控制内源污染。