Evaluation of Nutritional Value and Safety of Black Soldier Flies Fed on Dead Pig Meat and Bone Meal

[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.

Investigation and Analysis of Nutrition Components of Wild Chives Collected from Hezhang County of Guizhou Province

Guizhou Province is an important distribution area of wild onion resources,and a large area of wild( Chinese) chives are distributed in Hezhang County. In order to understand and study the distribution of wild chives,the geographical distribution,habitats and climate of wild chives in Hezhang County were investigated,and the main nutrition components of wild chives were analyzed. The results indicated that there were mainly three kinds of wild chives distributed in Hezhang County, including Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz.( tentatively named),and Allium hookeri Thwaites( tentatively named). Among the 17 kinds of amino acids,except for proline,the content of other amino acids in wild chives was higher than that of the cultivated chives( Allaum tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.). The sugar content of wild chives was significantly lower than the cultivated chives. Among nine trace elements,the manganese,zinc and iron content of A. ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz. were significantly higher than that of the cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among the four kinds of heavy metals,cadmium content in the three kinds of wild chives exceeded the limitation of the national standard,and cadmium content in A. ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz. was significantly higher than that of the others. Arsenic,mercury and lead content in A. ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz. also exceeded the limitation of the national standard. Vitamin C content in leaves and stalk of A. wallichii Kunth. in the original habits was higher than that of the cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of the wild chives from Hezhang County were significantly different from that of the cultivated chives. The collection and preservation of these resources are of great significance to the enriching of diversity of Chinese chive resources and has great development and utilization value to the improvement of nutritional quality of Chinese chives.

Comparative study on nutrient composition and antioxidant capacity of potato based on geographical and climatic factors

Potatoes are consumed in the human diet,but the environmental effects on the nutrient content of their tubers are not known.Five potato varieties from China(Chongqing,Dingxi,Qiqihar,Enshi,and Ulanqab)were selected to compare their nutritional components and antioxidant capacity and to explore the correlation between nutrition and local rainfall,humidity,temperature,and light time.The results indicated the Qiqihar cultivar presents significantly higher antioxidant capacity,and has the most elevated protein and soluble sugar contents.The total phenol(TPC)(325.07μg/g)and carotenoid contents(54.93μg/100g)of the Ulanqab cultivar were the highest.The Dingxi cultivar reveals the highest total flavonoids(TFC)(168.94μg/g),K,Mg,and P contents.The ascorbic acid content(26.09 mg/100g)was the highest in the Chongqing cultivar,and the contents of starch,Ca,total acid,and water were also prominent.The amino acid content(7.350%)in the Enshi cultivar is higher.It was found that soluble sugar was significantly correlated with humidity,temperature,and light time;carotenoids were affected considerably by rainfall;ascorbic acid has a strong correlation with temperature;TPC was moderately associated with humidity and light time.To summarize,tubers’nutrient composition and antioxidant capacity vary with geographical location and climate of origin.This study will help provide a theoretical basis for selecting geographical areas for potato planting and exploring the complex interactive factors between environment and vegetable attributes.