Linkage between precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources in the monsoon margin:Evidence from arid areas of Northwest China

The isotope composition in precipitation has been widely considered as a tracer of monsoon activity.Compared with the coastal region,the monsoon margin usually has limited precipitation with large fluctuation and is usually sensitive to climate change.The water resource management in the monsoon margin should be better planned by understanding the composition of precipitation isotope and its influencing factors.In this study,the precipitation samples were collected at five sampling sites(Baiyin City,Kongtong District,Maqu County,Wudu District,and Yinchuan City)of the monsoon margin in the northwest of China in 2022 to analyze the characteristics of stable hydrogen(δD)and oxygen(δ18O)isotopes.We analyzed the impact of meteorological factors(temperature,precipitation,and relative humidity)on the composition of precipitation isotope at daily level by regression analysis,utilized the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)-based backward trajectory model to simulate the air mass trajectory of precipitation events,and adopted the potential source contribution function(PSCF)and concentration weighted trajectory(CWT)to analyze the water vapor sources.The results showed that compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL),the slope of the local meteoric water line(LMWL;δD=7.34δ^(18)O-1.16)was lower,indicating the existence of strong regional evaporation in the study area.Temperature significantly contributed toδ18O value,while relative humidity had a significant negative effect onδ18O value.Through the backward trajectory analysis,we found eight primary locations that were responsible for the water vapor sources of precipitation in the study area,of which moisture from the Indian Ocean to South China Sea(ITSC)and the western continental(CW)had the greatest influence on precipitation in the study area.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation are significantly influenced by the sources and transportation paths of air mass.In addition,the results of PSCF and CWT analysis showed that the water vapor source areas were primarily distributed in the south and northwest direction of the study area.

Novel nervous and multi-system regenerative therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus with mTOR

Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.

Trace-element geochemistry and S–O isotopes in the fluorite-barite mineralization of Merguechoum,Moroccan eastern Meseta:insights into ore genesis to the Pangea rifting

The Merguechoum fluorite-barite mineralization,located in the Eastern Meseta of Morocco,is hosted in the Late Hercynian granite.The ore consists of fine crystals of fluorite 1,massive barite 1,euhedral crystals of fluorite 2,and barite 2 with calcite and minor quartz and sulfides.The Merguechoum ore deposits have never been investigated.This study was the first contribution that studied the genesis of fluorite and barite.The ore occurs as dissemination within granite intrusion and also fills the NE-SWtrending meter-sized fractures and faults.The values of the total Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium(REY)and the ratios of LREY/HREY,Y/Ho,Tb/Ca,and Tb/La indicate that the Merguechoum fluorite precipitated from hydrothermal fluids,likely basinal brines,which interacted with the Hercynian granite.The REY data indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the early stage have intensely interacted with the Hercynian granite compared to those of the late ore stage.The gradual decrease in the europium(Eu/Eu^(*)),yttrium(Y/Y^(*)),and cerium(Ce/Ce^(*))anomalies and a low concentration ofΣREY observed in the second ore stage compared to the first ore stage suggest an increase in p H and fO_(2)and by inference a decrease in temperature during the evolution of the hydrothermal system.This evolution could be explained by fluid mixing between the ascending basinal hydrothermal fluids and the diluted sulfate-rich meteoric water barite separates from selected samples reveal that the dissolved sulfates(SO_(4)^(2-))were derived from Permian–Triassic sulfates and/or coeval poreseawater sulfates.The proposed fluid mixing triggered the precipitation of an early-stage F-Ba assemblage followed by the second-stage F-Ba mineralization.Geologic fieldwork,REY inventories,and isotope data point to the ore genesis during the Permian–Triassic extensional tectonic activity concerning the Pangea rifting.This extensional tectonic environment is likely the driving force that mobilized a large amount of the ore-forming basinal brines along the available faults and fractures to the loci of ore deposition.

Isotopes (¹³C and ¹⁸O) Geochemistry of Lower Triassic Montney Formation, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada

Oxygen isotope (δ18O) serves as paleothermometer, and provides paleotemperature for carbonates. δ18O signature was used to estimate the temperature of fractionation of dolomite and calcite in Montney Formation, empirically calculated to have precipitated, between approximately 13°C to ±33°C during Triassic time in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Measurements of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) fractionation, supported by quantitative X-ray diffraction evidence, and whole-rock geochemical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation indicates the presence of calcite, dolomite, magnesium, carbon and other elements. Results from isotopic signature obtained from bulk calcite and bulk dolomite from this study indicates depleted δ13CPDB (-2.18‰ to -8.46‰) and depleted δ18OPDB (-3.54‰ to -16.15‰), which is interpreted in relation to oxidation of organic matter during diagenesis. Diagenetic modification of dolomitized very fine-grained, silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation may have occurred in stages of progressive oxidation and reduction reactions involving chemical elements such as Fe, which manifest in mineral form as pyrite, particularly, during early burial diagenesis. Such mineralogical changes evident in this study from petrography and SEM, includes cementation, authigenic quartz overgrowth and mineral replacement involving calcite and dolomite, which are typical of diagenesis. High concentration of chemical elements in the Montney Formation?-Ca and Mg indicates dolomitization. It is interpreted herein, that calcite may have been precipitated into the interstitial pore space of the intergranular matrix of very fine-grained silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation as cement by a complex mechanism resulting in the interlocking of grains.

Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit(208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China

The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.

Genesis of the Jiajika superlarge lithium deposit,Sichuan,China:constraints from He–Ar–H–O isotopes

The Jiajika granitic-and pegmatite-type lithium deposit,which is in the Songpan-Garze Orogenic Belt in western Sichuan Province,China,is the largest in Asia.Previous studies have examined the geochemistry and mineralogy of pegmatites and their parental source rocks to determine the genesis of the deposit.However,the evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids has received limited attention.We analyzed He–Ar–H–O isotopes to decipher the ore-fluid nature and identify the contribution of fluids to mineralization in the late stage of crystallization differentiation.In the Jiajika ore field,two-mica granites,pegmatites(including common pegmatites and spodumene pegmatites),metasandstones,and schists are the dominant rock types exposed.Common pegmatites derived from early differentiation of the two-mica granitic magmas before they evolved into spodumene pegmatites during the late stage of the magmatic evolution.Common pegmatites have~3He/~4He ratios that vary from 0.18 to 4.68 Ra(mean1.62 Ra),and their~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar ratios range from 426.70 to 1408.06(mean 761.81);spodumene pegmatites have~3He/~4He ratios that vary from 0.18 to 2.66 Ra(mean 0.87Ra)and their~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar ratios range from 402.13 to 1907.34(mean 801.65).These data indicate that the hydrothermal fluids were shown a mixture of crust-and mantle-derived materials,and the proportion of crustderived materials in spodumene pegmatites increases significantly in the late stage of the magmatic evolution.Theδ~(18)OH_(2)O–VSMOWvalues of common pegmatites range from 6.2‰to 10.9‰,with a mean value of 8.6‰,andδDV–SMOWvalues vary from-110‰to-72‰,with a mean o f-85‰.Theδ~(18)OH_(2)O–VSMOWvalues of spodumene pegmatites range from 5.3‰to 13.2‰,with a mean of 9.1‰,andδDV–SMOWvalues vary from-115‰to-77‰,with a mean of-91‰.These data suggest that the ore-forming fluids came from primary magmatic water gradually mixing with more meteoric water in the late stage of the magmatic evolution.Based on the He–Ar–H–O and other existing data,we propose that the oreforming metals are mainly derived from the upper continental crust with a minor contribution from the mantle,and the fluid exsolution and addition of meteoric water during the formation of pegmatite contributed to the formation of the Jiajika superlarge lithium deposit.

Ore Genesis for Stratiform Ore Bodies of the Dongfengnanshan Copper Polymetallic Deposit in the Yanbian Area, NE China:Constraints from LA-ICP-MS in situ Trace Elements and Sulfide S–Pb Isotopes

The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic assessment of the origin of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)contents in the aquifer located in a closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin in the metropolitan area of Mexico City

To explain the presence and spatial distribution of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)in the Aquifer of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City(AMAMC),a hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis using^(13)C DIC(as well as the stable isotopes^(18)O and^(2)H)in groundwater was conducted.This aquifer is located in an old closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin;some wells hosted in the semi-confined zone contain high N-NH_(3)concentrations,while others present NO_(3)^(−)contents in the recharge zones(hosted in an oxidizing environment).In this study,a change in the isotopic signature(primarily in^(18)O and^(2)H)was observed from the recharge zones to the basin center in some of the wells with high NO_(3)^(−)concentrations,this behavior can be attributed to evaporation during the incorporation of recently infiltrated water.In addition,the results for^(13)C(along with ^(2) H)in wells with the highest N-NH_(3)concentrations exhibited an atypically broad range of values.Results indicated the occurrence of hydrogeochemical and/or biochemical processes in the aquifer(in an oxidizing or reducing environment),such as organic degradation,bacterial decomposition(primarily in the ancient Lake Texcoco and which acts as a natural sink for carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus),besides rock weathering and dissolution,which may be responsible for a very marked isotopic modification of the^(13)C(and,to a lesser extent,2 H).Methanotrophic bacterial activity and methanogenic activity may be related to N-NH_(3)removal processes by oxidation and residual water incorporation respectively,whereas the increase in the NO_(3)^(−)content in some wells is due to the recent contribution of poor-quality water due to contamination.

A review of ^(17)O isotopic labeling techniques for solid-state NMR structural studies of metal oxides in lithium-ion batteries

Recent advances in utilizing ^(17)O isotopic labeling methods for solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)investigations of metal oxides for lithium-ion batteries have yielded extensive insights into their structural and dynamic details.Herein,we commence with a brief introduction to recent research on lithium-ion battery oxide materials studied using ^(17)O solid-state NMR spectroscopy.Then we delve into a review of ^(17)O isotopic labeling methods for tagging oxygen sites in both the bulk and surfaces of metal oxides.At last,the unresolved problems and the future research directions for advancing the ^(17)O labeling technique are discussed.

Origin and evolution of ore-forming fluid for the Gaosongshan gold deposit, Lesser Xing’an Range:Evidence from fluid inclusions,H-O-S-Pb isotopes

Epithermal gold deposits are typical precious metal deposits related to volcanic and subvolcanic magmatism.Due to the lack of direct geological and petrographic evidences,the origin of the ore-forming fluid is deduced from the spatial diagenesis-mineralization relationship,chronological data,physicochemical characteristics of mineral fluid inclusions,mineral or rock elements and isotopic geochemical characteristics.By objectively examining this scientific problem via a geological field survey and petrographic analysis of the Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit,we recently discovered and verified the following points:(1) Pyrite-bearing spherical quartz aggregates (PSQA) occur in the rhyolitic porphyry;(2) the mineralization is structurally dominated by WNW- and ENE-trending systems and occurs mostly in hydrothermal breccias and pyrite-quartz veins,and the ore types are mainly hematite-crusted quartz,hydrothermal breccia,massive pyrite-quartz,etc.;(3) the alteration types consist of prevalent silicification,sericitization,propylitization and carbonation,with local adularization and illitization.The ore minerals are mainly pyrite,primary hematite,native gold,and electrum,with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite,magnetite,sphalerite,and galena,indicating a characteristic epithermal low-sulfidation deposit.The ore-forming fluid may have been primarily derived from magmatic fluid exsolved from a crystallizing rhyolitic porphyry magma.Further zircon U-Pb geochronology,fluid inclusion,physicochemical and isotopic geochemical analyses revealed that (1) rhyolitic porphyry magmatism occurred at 104.6 ± 1.0 Ma,whereas the crystallization of the PSQA occurred at 100.8 ± 2.1 Ma;(2) the hydrothermal fluid of the pre-ore stage was an exsolved CO2-bearing H2O-NaCl magmatic fluid that produced inclusions mainly composed of pure vapor (PV),vapor-rich (WV) and liquid-rich (WL) inclusions with a small number of melt-(M) and solid-bearing (S) inclusions;mineralization-stage quartz contains WL and rare PV,WV and pure liquid (PL) inclusions characterized by the H2O-NaCl system with low formation temperatures and low salinities;(3) the characteristics of hydrogen,oxygen,sulfur,and lead isotopes and those of rare earth elements (REEs) provide insight into the affinity between PSQA and orebodies resulting from juvenile crust or enriched mantle.Combined with previous research on the mineralogenetic epoch (99.32 ± 0.01 Ma),we further confirm that the mineralization of the deposit occurred in the late Early Cretaceous,which coincides with the extension of the continental margin induced by subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.The formation of the ore deposit was proceeded by a series of magmatic and hydrothermal events,including melting of enriched juvenile crust,upwelling,the eruption and emplacement of the rhyolitic magma,the exsolution and accumulation of magmatic hydrothermal fluid,decompression,the cooling and immiscibility/boiling of the fluid,and mixing of the magmatic fluid with meteoric water,in association with water-rock interaction.

Nitrate isotope dynamics in the lower euphotic-upper mesopelagic zones of the western South China Sea

The dual isotopes(N and O)of nitrate were measured using a denitrifier bacterial method in the western South China Sea(WSCS)during September 2015 to elucidate key information during N transformation in the lower euphotic zone(LEZ)-upper mesopelagic zone(UMZ,down to 500 m in this study)continuum,which is a vital sub-environment for marine N cycle and sequestration of atmospheric CO_(2)as well.The N isotopic composition(δ^(15)N)of nitrate generally decreased from 500 m toward the base of the euphotic zone(∼100 m),reaching a value of∼4.6‰(vs.air N_(2))at the base of the LEZ,suggesting the imprint of remineralization(nitrification)of isotopically light N from atmospheric source.Theδ^(15)N andδ18O of nitrate only generally conform to a 1:1 line at 50 m and 75 m,suggesting that nitrate assimilation is a dominant process to shape nitrate isotope signature in this light-limited and relatively N-replete lower part of the euphotic zone.The fractionation factors of N and O isotopes during nitrate fractionation(15εASSIM,18εASSIM)using a steady-state model were estimated to be 4.0‰±0.3‰and 5.4‰±0.3‰,respectively.The occurrence of nitrification at the base of the LEZ and most of the UMZ is corroborated by the decoupling ofδ^(15)N and the oxygen isotopic composition(δ18O)of nitrate.Our results will provide insights for better understanding N cycle in the South China Sea from a perspective of present and past.

C6H10S2O联合Nano-CaCO3对铅染毒小鼠海马学习记忆功能的影响

评价 C6H10S2O联合Nano-CaCO3对铅染毒小鼠的海马学习记忆功能产生的影响,以指导铅染毒相关问题的处理。方法 选择齐齐哈尔医学院动物实验中心提供的20-30g 健康雌性 KM 小鼠,健康清洁级,分为正常对照组、模型对照组、C6H10S2O 组、Nano-CaCO3组、联合治疗组,其中后四组均为铅染毒模型。五组的饲养条件相同,方法 /剂量建立铅染毒模型,提供对应治疗方法,通过评估体质量与血液中铅元素含量、NO含量和ACHE活力、水迷宫、新物体识别测量的结果,判断治疗效果。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型对照组的体质量显著降低(P<0.05),血铅含量显著增加(P<0.05);与模型对照组比较,C6H10S2O组和联合治疗组小鼠的体质量显著提高(P<0.05),而血铅含量仅在联合治疗组显著减少(P<0.05);其他三组的体质量和血铅含量均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与模型对照组比较,联合治疗组的跨越隐匿平台次数和平台象限游泳路程显著增加(P<0.05);与Nano-CaCO3组比较,联合治疗组的跨越隐匿平台次数和平台象限游泳路程也显著增加(P<0.05)。五组在NO含量和ACHE活力、认知指数方面的对比,差异均不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 C6H10S2O联合Nano-CaCO3可以减少铅含量,提高体质量,对空间学习能力有一定影响,但对认知能力、学习记忆能力不存在显著影响。

Origin of ore-forming fluids in Qinggouzi stibnite deposit,NE China:Constraints from fluid inclusions and H-O-S isotopes

The Qinggouzi stibnite deposit is located in Huashan Town,Jilin Province,in the northeastern margin of North China Craton(NCC).It is controlled by fault structures,hosted within structurally controlled felsic dykes,predominantly surrounded by phyllite,schist and quartzite.This study presents the results of fluid inclusions studies,intending to determine the source of the fluid responsible for ore-formation,hence exploring its metallogenesis.The aqueous biphase inclusions are identified in the stibnite-bearing quartz veins of the deposit.Moreover,aqueous biphase inclusions are further classified into(1)biphase liquid-rich inclusions(1 a)and(2)biphase gas-rich inclusions(1 b)depending upon liquid to gas ratio trapped within the fluid inclusions.Homogenization temperatures for(1 a)and(1 b)range between 114.8℃to 422℃and 128.3℃to 267.5℃,respectively.1 a and 1 b have salinities of 0.18%to 16.14%NaCleqv and 1.22%to 12.88%NaCleqv,and density range from 0.43 to 1.02 g/cm^(3) and 0.81 to 0.98 g/cm^(3),respectively.Sulfur isotopic analysis indicatesδ34SV-CDT from 4.4×10-3 to 6.5×10^(-3),with an average of 5.2×10^(-3),whereas H isotopes values onδDV-SMOW standard are-100.8×10^(-3) and-107.5×10^(-3),while O isotopes data onδ18OV-SMOW standard range between 20.1×10^(-3) and 20.4×10-3.Fluid inclusions study,combining with sulfur and H-O isotopic data reveal that the ore-forming fluids originated from deep source and were subsequently contaminated by meteoric water.Hydrostatic pressure calculation shows that the minimum and maximum pressures are 11.65 and 42.33 MPa,and relevant depths of deposit are estimated to be 1.16 and 4.23 km.Finally,we inferred that Qinggouzi stibnite deposit is a medium-low temperature,low salinity hydrothermal deposit,which is formed by deep source and later contaminated by meteoric water,and is classified as epizonal deposit in terms of orogenic series.

GEOCHRONOLOGY AND STRONTIUM,NEODYMIUM ISOTOPE OF MANTLE-DERIVED MAGMATITES FROM THEBU′S GOLD DEPOSIT, NORTHERN XINJIANG,CHINA

Bu’s gold deposit is geographically situated in the northern side of Sawuer Mt., Western Jungar. Magmatites in Bu’s deposit including extrusive and intrusive rocks are widespread and have genetic relationship with the deposit. One volcanic suite and two intrusives are studied here. Extrusive products were formed in the Early Carboniferous with a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 347 Ma and fossil ages, while intrusions have Rb-Sr isochron ages from 310 to 329 Ma and are intrusive into the Lower Carboniferous and Upper Devonian.The isotope parameters I ranges from 0. 7037 to 0. 7046, from -5. 65^+6.67 and more,goes from +5. 65~ +7. 96, displaying that they have similar material sources and are derived from mantle magmas or their derivatives. The continental crust of Zhaisang diwa region may be initially formed in the Late-Proterozoic or even more earlier and grew probably in terms of non-proportionated model like S. China, N. American and other parts in the world.

基于S-O-R模型的视觉营销对消费者购买意愿的影响研究——以红色文创网店为例

为提高红色文创网店的点击转化率,文章从消费者视角出发,研究影响消费者购买意愿的视觉因素。基于S-O-R模型理论,构建红色文创网店视觉营销对消费者购买意愿因素的理论模型。利用S-O-R模型分析了红色文创网店视觉营销中的商品形象、界面形象以及品牌视觉形象对顾客感知价值及顾客购买意向的影响。通过设计量表和调查问卷进行实证研究,并结合结构方程模型加以论证,得出品牌视觉形象和界面形象是影响消费者购买意愿的关键因素,为设计师和红色文创品牌进行网店设计提供了一定的理论参考和建议。

Geochemistry of the Aptian bituminous limestones in Gümuü?hane area,Eastern Black Sea region:new insight into paleogeography and paleoclimate conditions

Aptian is characterized by widespread deposition of organic-rich sediment.The Aptian bitumen limestone horizon,which is thin decimetre-thick sequences,locally crops out in the Kircaova area,Eastern Black Sea Region(Eastern Pontides).They are well correlated with Aptian bitumen limestone in the other Tethys Reams.They are proposed as episodes of increased organic matter.However,background factors controlling organic matter enrichment are poorly known.In this study,we present new inorganic geochemistry,including trace elements,rare earth elements(REE),redox-sensitive elements(RSE),stable-isotopes(δ~(18)O andδ~(13)C),and total organic carbon(TOC).We integrated new geochemical data with existing stratigraphy,paleontology,and organic chemistry data to provide new insight into the depositional environment and paleoclimate conditions during Aptian.The lacustrine bitumen limestone(LBL)samples have variedδ~(13)C(ave.-1.45‰)andδ~(18)O(ave.-4.50‰).They possess distinct REE patterns,with an average of REE(ave.14.45 ppm)and Y/Ho(ave.35)ratios.In addition,they have variable Nd/YbN(0.28-0.81;ave.0.56)and Ce/Ce*(0.68-0.97;ave.0.86),and relatively high Eu^(*)/Eu(1.23-1.53;ave.1.35).They display seawater signatures with reduced oxygen conditions.The enrichment in RSE(Mo,Cu,Ni,and Zn)and the low Mo/TOC(0.70-3.69;ave.2.41)support a certain degree of water restriction.The high Sr/Ba,Sr/Cu,Ga/Rb,and K/Al records of the LBL facies suggest hot house climatic conditions.The sedimentary environment was probably an isolated basin that is transformed from the marine basin.In addition to depositional conditions,the regional parameters such as the climate,increased run-off period,nutrient levels,alkalinity level,and dominant carbonate producers favored the enrichment in organic matter of LBL facies.Thus,extreme greenhouse palaeoclimate conditions have an important role in organic matter enrichment in the isolated basin.Our results are conformable with the published data from marine,semi-restricted basin,and lacustrine settings in the different parts of the Tethys margin.Thus,this approach provides the first insight into the Aptian greenhouse paleo-climate conditions of the Eastern Black Sea Region,NE Turkey.

Genesis of the Huoshenmiao Mo deposit in the Luanchuan ore district, China: Constraints from geochronology, ?uid inclusion, and H-O-Sisotopes

The Huoshenmiao δeposit is Mo skarn δeposit, located in the western part of the Luanchuan ore δistrict.Mineralization process can be δivided into a skarn and a quartz-sulfide episodes with six stages: prograde(I), retrograde(II), quartz-K-feldspar(III), quartz-molybdenite(IV), quartz-pyrite(V), and quartzcalcite(VI). A combined study of geochronology, fluid inclusion(FI), and stable isotopes was conducted to constrain the mineralization age, source of ore materials, as well as the origin and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. Molybdenite Ree Os δating indicates that the δeposit was formed in the Late Jurassic(~145 Ma). The δ^(34)S values of sulfides range from 3.0‰ to 7.1‰, implying that the ore materials in the δeposit are magmatic in origin. Three types and six subtypes of FIs are δistinguished, namely, aqueous two-phase(W_1-and W_2-type), δaughter mineral-bearing multiphase(S_1-and S_2-type), and CO_2-bearing three-phase(C_1-and C_2-type). In stages I and II, the W_1-type FIs δisplay homogenization temperatures(Th) from 496°C to >600°C, with salinities of 14.9-18.3 wt.% NaCl eqv. The FIs in stages III, IV and early stage V composed of coeval S-, C-and W-types, respectively homogenize at similar Th, suggesting the occurrence of boiling. The W1-type FIs in late stage V and stage VI, yield Th of 102-406°C and salinities of 0-4.7 wt.% NaCl eqv. The δD_(H_2O)and δ^(18) O(H_2O)values of the ore-forming fluids in quartz-sulfide episode vary from-112‰ to-76‰, and 11.0‰ to 1.0‰, respectively. All these above observations reveal that the early ore-forming fluids are magmatic in origin, and characterized by high temperature and moderate to high salinity, and gradually evolve to low temperature, low salinity meteoric water. The Huoshenmiao Mo δeposit is associated with the magmatism event induced by the protracted subduction of the Izanagi plate beneath the eastern China continent. The δecrease in temperature, salinity and f(O_2), as well as change of p H δue to boiling and fluid-rock interaction, are the main factors controlling Mo δeposition.

Geodynamic Background of Intracontinental Cenozoic Alkaline Volcanic Rocks in Laojiezi, Western Yangtze Craton: Constraints from Sr-Nd-Hf-O Isotopes

The Laojiezi alkaline volcanic rocks, which are located in the intraplate region of the Yangtze craton, coincide with the formation of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Red River alkaline rock belt. Although this belt has been widely studied by geologists because of its porphyry-related Pb-Ag-Au polymetallic deposit and geotectonic location, the material sources of this belt are still debate. Whole-rock analyses show that these rocks have high total alkali contents(3.73–11.08 wt%), and their aluminum saturation index(ASI) values widely vary from 0.82 to 3.07, which comprise a metaluminous-peraluminous magma series. These rocks are characterized by high K(K2 O/Na2 O>1) and low Ti and Mg contents; enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, such as Rb, Ba, K and light rare earth elements; and depletion in high field strength elements, such as Ta, Nb, P, and Ti. These rocks exhibit moderate Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.86–1.04) and Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.63–0.96) anomalies. Their(87 Sr/86 Sr)i, εNd(t), zircon εHf(t) and δ18 O values range from 0.70839 to 0.71013, from-10.16 to-12.45, from-19.6 to-5.8, and from 5.69‰ to 8.54‰, respectively, and their Nd and Hf two-stage model ages(TDM2) are 1.67–1.86 Ga and 1.27–2.02 Ga, respectively. These data reflect the primary partial melting of Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic lower crust with minor residual continental lithospheric mantle and supracrustal metasediments. The lithosphere was likely thickened along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau following the Indian-Asian continentcontinent collision(65–41 Ma). During the post-collision phase(36–16 Ma), the transition from a compressional to extensional setting triggered the convective removal of the over-thickened CLM beneath the Yangtze craton, which led to the upwelling of asthenospheric materials. This process created alkali-rich and high-K magma through the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. Magma that carried Cu-Au-Pb-Ag minerals was emplaced by strike-slip motion along the E-to W-or ENE-to WSWtrending tectonically weak zone, finally forming an alkaline porphyry Cu-Au-Pb-Ag polymetallic deposit.

南秦岭柞水-山阳矿集区金盆梁金矿床成因——来自流体包裹体及C-H-O-S-Pb同位素的制约

金盆梁是南秦岭柞水-山阳矿集区勘查的一处微细浸染型金矿床,矿床成因与成矿机制尚不清楚。矿体产于上泥盆统桐峪寺组粉砂质板岩和钙质板岩中,以浸染状、脉状金锑矿化为主,成矿过程可划分为3个阶段:毒砂-黄铁矿-硅化阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-辉锑矿-白铁矿±锑氧化物阶段(Ⅱ)和方解石-石英阶段(Ⅲ)。流体包裹体及C-H-O-S-Pb同位素研究结果显示,Ⅱ阶段主要为金锑矿化,以H_(2)O-NaCl两相包裹体占绝对优势,成矿流体属于中温(200~290℃)、低盐度(w(NaCl_(eq))为0~6.0%)、低密度(0.64~0.99 g/cm^(3))的H_(2)O-NaCl±CO_(2)体系,以循环大气降水为主。无矿化的Ⅲ阶段主要发育H_(2)O-NaCl两相包裹体,含少量CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl±CH_(4)、纯CO_(2)±CH_(4)及含子晶多相包裹体,流体以中低温(140~280℃)、低盐度(w(NaCl_(eq))为2.0%~8.0%)、低密度(0.68~1.02 g/cm^(3))的富CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl±CH_(4)体系为主,或存在少量高温、高盐度、高密度H_(2)O-NaCl体系的岩浆热液混入。硫化物δ^(34)S值为较大负值(−12.50‰~−10.20‰),Pb同位素组成具上地壳源铅特征,成矿物质主要来源于围岩地层。综合研究表明,金盆梁金矿的成因类型属于卡林型金矿,水-岩反应(围岩硫化作用)是金富集沉淀的主要机制。

胶东大尹格庄金矿成矿流体时空演化及矿床成因:来自流体包裹体、成矿元素和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据

大尹格庄金矿位于招平成矿带中段,是胶东地区典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,储量达到超大型规模,但关于该矿床的成因类型尚存在较大争议。在详细野外地质调查的基础上开展了该矿床成因和成矿流体纵向变化特征研究。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为中温、低盐度、中低密度的H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl±CH_(4)体系。从成矿早期到晚期各阶段(Ⅰ~Ⅳ阶段)均一温度和盐度逐渐降低,密度逐渐增加。氢氧同位素组成显示成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主,后期有大气降水的混入,主成矿阶段可能存在流体沸腾作用;黄铁矿硫铅同位素组成表明成矿物质来源于深源壳幔混合岩浆。成矿过程和背景总体与胶东其他金矿床类似,形成于克拉通破坏环境。浅部与深部流体和物质组成的对比研究表明,在垂向纵深范围内成矿流体性质、金银成矿强度和金成色稳定一致,金沉淀具有宽泛而稳定的环境,指示大尹格庄金矿床深部仍然具有很大的成矿潜力和找矿空间。