对象的交互测试与OATS正交阵列测试系统

对象交互测试是面向对象软件测试的一个重要环节。交互测试的重点是确保对象的消息能够正确传送。文章在完全测试不可能的情况下,提供了一种特殊的抽样方法———正交阵列测试方法OATS,从统计学角度指导“实验”以测试组件所有可能配置的子集,从而实现最少测试获得最高覆盖率。

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions of Sweet Oats by Response Surface Methodology

Objective] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of five variables （steaming time, moisture content before inoculation, inoculation amount, fer-mentation temperature, fermentation time） on the sweetness of sweet oats, obtained the best fermentation conditions. [Method] Plackett-Burman （PB） was to evaluate the effects of five variables, and selected significant factors. The steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal response surface experimental area. The optimal fer-mentation condition was obtained by central composite design and response surface analysis. [Results] It was indicated that moisture content, inoculation amount and fer-mentation temperature had significant influences on the content of the reducing sugars. The optimal conditions of moisture content, inoculation amount and temper-ature were 45.26%, 0.014%（g/g） and 28 ℃, respectively. The predicted value of the reducing sugar content was 13.16 mg/g. [Conclusion] Under the optimal conditions, the content of the reducing sugars in the sweet oats could be up to 12.91 mg/g, which was on the whole consistent with the predictive maximum value.

Studies on the Super-high-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oats in Tibet

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.

Application of Oats to Control the Weeds in the Seedling Period of Alfalfa Sowed in Spring

[Objective]The aim was to solve the weeds existed in seedling period of alfalfa in Chongqing.[Method]The naked oat and common oat were selected.Through the analysis of determiners such as plant number,plant height,yield and weeds ratio,the oat type and sowing method were screened through all the accompany sowing crops to better control weeds in the seedling period of alfalfa.[Result]Compared with common oat,the tested naked oat as the companion crop of alfalfa seeding can prevent weeds more effectively;the proper companion-seeding disposal of alfalfa sowed in spring in Chongqing area was 15 kg/hm2 of alfalfa and 120 kg/hm2 of naked oat,sowing in strip in 40 cm row spacing;the proper mowing period of oat was during the time from May 11th to May 21st;the proper mowing period of alfalfa was ten days later.[Conclusion]Spring sowing oats with alfalfa can control seedling weeds effectively.

Antioxidant Effects of Oats Avenanthramides on Human Serum

The antioxidant ability of capsules containing oats avenanthramides on human body was evaluated in present study.Healthy people were randomized to supplementation with oats-derived avenanthramides capsules or placebo for 1 mon.Plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidant status were measured.For 8 capsules （containing 3.12 mg avenanthramides） groups,the levels of serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） and reduced glutathione hormone （GSH） were significantly increased by 8.4 and 17.9%,respectively （P0.05）,and malondialdehyde （MDA） level significantly decreased by 28.1%.The total cholesterol （TC）,triglyceride （TG）,and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels were lowered by 11.1,28.1,and 15.1%,respectively （P0.05）.The high density blood lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels in the same treat was increased by 13.2%.Based on our research,it can be concluded that oats extract containing avenanthramides possessed a high antioxidative activity on humans.It indicated that oat avenanthramides could be used to prevent hyperlipemic and angiocardiopathy.

Role of oats in celiac disease

A gluten-free diet is currently the only effective means of treating individuals with celiac disease. Such a diet enables celiac patients to control their symptoms and avoid various complications associated with thiscondition. However, while the quality of gluten-free foods has significantly improved during recent decades, maintenance of a gluten-free diet does not necessarily ensure adequate nutritional intake. Because oats are an important source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and fibre, their inclusion in a gluten-free diet might improve the nutritional status of a celiac patient. Although oats are included in the list of glutenfree ingredients specified in European regulations, their safety when consumed by celiac patients remains debatable. Some studies claim that pure oats are safe for most celiac people, and contamination with other cereal sources is the main problem facing people with this disease. However, it is necessary to consider that oats include many varieties, containing various amino acid sequences and showing different immunoreactivities associated with toxic prolamins. As a result, several studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar consumed. Thus, it is essential to thoroughly study the variety of oats used in a food ingredient before including it in a gluten-free diet.

Effects of Peeling with Flexible Alloy Blade on Naked Oats

This research reported the effect of peeling naked oats with a peeling machine equipped with the flexible alloy blade.Results showed that the flexible alloy blade could achieve the same effect as traditional abrasive rolls. Furthermore, the new peeling method had hardly damage to the oat kernels. The result of scanning electron microscopy indicated the surface of peeled naked oats by the flexible alloy blade is homogeneous. The gap between the flexible alloy blade and the slotted screen could change the particle sizes of the flours obtained, which differed from traditional peeling machines. In addition, peeling for 15 seconds significantly reduced the microbial contaminants. The removal of outer layer decreased the lipase activity. The technological parameters were optimized by orthogonal L_9(3~4) test, the results showed a 30 s peeling time and 2% second-addition of water contributed to the peeling rate. The texture analysis demonstrate that the hardness of cooked groats decreases obviously after peeling treatments.

电磁兼容测量场地从OATS、SAR至FAR的演变

试验场地对电磁兼容测试至关重要。本文对常用的几种实验场地:开阔试验场OATS、半电波暗室SAR、全电波暗室FAR存在的问题,尤其是限值的转换问题作了较为详细精确的分析,对实际的测试工作具有参考价值。

Bio-Fortification of Oats Fodder through Zinc Enrichment to Reduce Animal Malnutrition

The availability of poor quality fodders for livestock feeding is a major hurdle for the dairy industry in South Asia. Thelow content of Zn in fodders, leads to its malnutrition in animals. In fodders, Zn facilitates protein synthesis, gene expressions,energy production and involves in various metabolic activities of plants, animals and humans. To achieve these objectives,multi-location field trials were conducted on enrichment of oats fodder with Zn through bio-fortification. The experiment consists ofeight different treatment combinations for enrichment of oats fodder with Zn including control, soil and soil plus foliar application ofZn at different stages of plant growth. The results of the study reported that soil application of Zn at the rate of 25 kg/ha and soil +foliar application of Zn at 0.5% at 60 days after sowing (DAS) (jointing stage), 90 DAS (booting stage) and both 60 DAS and 90DAS showed improvement in plant growth parameters. The results further reported that foliar application of Zn at the rate of 0.5% at60 DAS, 90 DAS, both 60 DAS and 90 DAS reported significant increase in biomass yield and fodder quality. Integrated applicationof Zn at 25 kg/ha in soil along with foliar Zn at the rate of 0.5% at 60 DAS and 90 DAS showed maximum Zn enrichment, greenfodder yield, dry fodder yield, plant height, and Zn accumulation in oats fodder as compared to other treatments of Zn application.These treatments of Zn application through integrated mode also reported significant improvement in fodder quality with maximumcrude protein (CP) and crude protein yield (CPY) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash content andorganic matter showed a non-significant effect. Thus, the results of experimental study concluded that soil and foliar application ofZn at 25 kg/ha and 0.5% Zn, respectively, at 60 DAS and 90 DAS enhanced the growth, yield and quality of oats fodder which willcertainly improve livestock production through bio-fortification.

三聚氰胺固废改性酚醛树脂的合成及其对模塑料性能的影响

固体废弃物的绿色化处置与传统材料的资源化改性对当前化工与材料类产业的健康发展具有重要的意义。本文采用固体废弃物OAT(oxiaminothriazine)对酚醛树脂进行改性,探讨了OAT反应性引入酚醛树脂的可行性,以获得的改性树脂作为基体制备了酚醛模塑料,探讨了改性树脂对模塑料性能的影响。结果显示:OAT与甲醛具有一定的反应性,OAT的引入使酚醛树脂的黏度有所下降,但随着用量的进一步增加,黏度增加,聚合速度加快,流动度显著降低,OAT的用量在8%左右为宜;采用OAT改性酚醛树脂制备的模塑料具有较好的热稳定性和电气强度,其他性能与普通模塑料相当。

Cilastatin protects against imipenem-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of renal organic anion transporters(OATs)

Imipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic. However, Imipenem could not be marketed owing to its instability and nephrotoxicity until cilastatin, an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase-I(DHP-I),was developed. In present study, the potential roles of renal organic anion transporters(OATs) in alleviating the nephrotoxicity of imipenem by cilastatin were investigated in vitro and in rabbits. Our results indicated that imipenem and cilastatin were substrates of h OAT1 and h OAT3. Cilastatin inhibited h OAT1/3-mediated transport of imipenem with IC50 values comparable to the clinical concentration, suggesting the potential to cause a clinical drug–drug interaction(DDI). Moreover,imipenem exhibited h OAT1/3-dependent cytotoxicity, which was alleviated by cilastatin and probenecid. Furthermore, cilastatin and probenecid ameliorated imipenem-induced rabbit acute kidney injury, and reduced the renal secretion of imipenem. Cilastatin and probenecid inhibited intracellular accumulation of imipenem and sequentially decreased the nephrocyte toxicity in rabbit primary proximal tubule cells. Renal OATs, besides DHP-I, was also the target of interaction between imipenem and cilastatin, and contributed to the nephrotoxicity of imipenem. This therefore gives in part the explanation about the mechanism by which cilastatin protected against imipenem-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, OATs can potentially be used as a therapeutic target to avoid the renal adverse reaction of imipenem in clinic.

Comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacity and lipid and protein oxidation of soy and oats beverages

Soy(Glycine max)and oats(Avena sativa)are plant sources used in milk-alternative beverages.However,protein and lipid constituents of these food matrices can undergo alterations during the storage.In this work,a commercial formulation of soy and oat-based beverages were comparatively evaluated.During the 12 months of shelf life and two following months,their phenolic content,antioxidant capacity,lipid peroxidation,protein carbonyl formation and protein breakdown were assessed.Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of soy and oat-based beverages were maintained during the entire period of 14 months.Both beverages did not show any increase in spontaneous lipid peroxidation beyond the basal level,however,due to the different content of unsaturated fats,when lipid peroxidation was stimulated,soy exhibited a major peroxidizability with respect to oat beverage.Oxidative alteration of proteins,estimated as carbonyl group formation,presented no increase with respect to the basal levels both in soy and oat beverages for all 14 months.Finally,soy proteins showed a gradual increase of proteolytic activity up until half of the shelf life,while oat did not show significant changes in protein fragmentation.In conclusion,both soy and oat beverages resulted oxidatively stable throughout their storage.We suggest that phytochemicals might guarantee the oxidative stability of the product,possibly in combination with antioxidant bioactive peptides,which already have well-known benefits on human health.

Simmered Slips of Naked Oats

IN 1968, I, a middle school graduate, went to live and work as a farmer in Dongru, a small mountain village in north China. Later, I became a shop assistant in the county town. I spent nine years of my life there—from age 17 to 26. The memory of those years has begun to fade; only some words are left here as a reminder of my youth. In May, 1971, the county’s settlement office began transferring the urban educated youth from the countryside into the county-town.

Transporters(OATs and OATPs) contribute to illustrate the mechanism of medicinal compatibility of ingredients with different properties in yuanhuzhitong prescription

Various medicinal ingredients with different tastes are combined according to the theory of compatibility in Chinese materia medica to achieve a better efficacy,while the mechanism was not very clear.Here,the authors studied the interaction between ingredients and human transporters such as the kidney transporters OAT1 and OAT3,the liver transporters OATP1 B1 and OATP1 B3,and the intestine transporter OATP2 B1 to discern the compatibility mechanism of ingredients with different tastes in the Yuanhuzhitong preparation(YHP)comprising Corydalis yanhusuo(CYH)and Angelica dahurica(AD),which could relieve pain by restraining the central system.The results show that tetrahydropalmatine(TDE),the major component of CYH,could be transported by OAT3 into kidney,OATP1 B1 and OATP1 B3 into liver,while imperatorin(IPT)and isoimperatorin(ISP),the two key components of AD,and AD extract showed strong inhibition to OAT1 and OAT3.What’s more,AD extract also exerted strongly inhibition to human transporters OATP1 B1 and OATP1 B3.It was also detected that IPT,ISP,and AD extract significantly downregulated the expression of Oatplal,Oafp1 a4,and Oatp1 b2 of liver in mice.The in vivo results show that the concentration of TDE in liver and kidney significantly decreased,while the TDE concentration in blood and brain were both significantly enhanced in the presence of IPT,ISP,and AD extract.These results suggest that the ingredients in AD with pungent taste could enhance the exposure of TDE in blood and brain by inhibiting the uptake of TDE in liver and kidney.That is to say,TDE with bitter taste could"flood up"into the central nervous system to play its therapeutic effect by the cut-off of that into liver and kidney in the presence of ingredients within AD.This paper not only proves the meridian distribution of CYH in liver and kidney with the role of OAT3,OATP1 B1,and OATP1 B3,but also illustrates how to improve the efficacy of CYH by reasonable compatibility with AD.This study may offer a valuable clue to illustrate the mechanism of compatibility theory.

Novel Gluten-Free Amaranth and Oat Flour Cookies Fortified with Soybean Hulls

Soybean hulls, an abundant byproduct of soybean processing, contain rich phytochemicals, fibers, proteins, and minerals. Currently soybean hulls are primarily used as animal feeds. For value-added soybean hull utilization, 25% soybean hulls were substituted for amaranth or whole oat flour (WOF) in novel gluten-free cookies. Composition, nutritional values, water-holding capacities, correlation between properties, and pasting and rheological properties of soybean hulls, amaranth, and WOF were appraised in comparison to wheat flour. Water loss, cookie texture, and geometrical properties of the cookies were examined. The results disclosed that soybean hulls, amaranth and WOF contain higher protein content, minerals, fiber, special amino acids, and critical vitamins (C and K) than wheat flour. Considerably higher total amino acid content was found in soybean hulls (18.33%) than wheat flour (12.77%). Water-holding capacities increased by replacing amaranth and WOF with soybean hulls. Soybean hulls exhibited higher rheological elastic properties than amaranth, WOF and wheat flours. The soybean hulls utilized in amaranth or WOF cookies greatly improved their nutritional value, the water retention and moisture content along with acceptable physical properties when compared to wheat flour cookies. This study explored the feasibility and potential of utilizing soybean hulls with amaranth and WOF in gluten-free bakery products and other food applications.

基于PROSAIL模型的玉米冠层参数敏感性分析

PROSAIL模型是一种基于辐射传输理论建立的植被冠层反射率模拟模型,其输入参数包括叶片结构和生理特征、冠层结构、土壤反射率、天空光散射比和观测几何等。为分析不同参数在不同波段对模型输出结果的影响,该文以玉米冠层为研究对象,对PROSPECT模型的输入参数进行定性的OTA局部敏感性分析和定量的EFAST全局敏感性分析,并得到以下结论:全局敏感性较强的输入参数为冠层叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片水分含量和平均叶倾角。叶片叶绿素含量对冠层反射光谱的影响主要集中在绿光和红光波段,能够解释超过一半的反射率方差变化。叶片水分含量在1 150~1 850 nm波段为敏感性最高的输入参数。在400~500 nm、750~950 nm和1 900~2 000 nm波段,LAI对反射率方差的贡献最大,全局敏感性指数均超过0.5。

业绩亏损 高管变动 OATLY持续发力中国市场

交出一份亏损的一季报,同时宜布高层变动,燕麦奶品牌OATLY要下怎样的棋?业绩亏损成“老大难”问题根据OATLY官网披露的2023年一季报,OATLY延续了此前的亏损状态。藏至3月31日的3个月,OATLY归属母公司股东的净亏损为7560万美元,去年同期净亏损为8750万美元;收人为1956亿美元,比去年同期增长17.7%;毛利率为17.4%,同比增长7.9%。

亏损扩大 OATLY燕麦奶降温

曾經白领阶层人手一杯的OATLY燕麦奶也开始不香了?根据OATLY最新发布的财报,2022年OATLY净亏损扩大至3.96亿美元,包括中国业务在内的亚洲市场收入也同比下降。这样的财报数据,被业内解读为OATLY燕麦奶开始降温的信号。

大型立式油罐形变的罐外检测方法研究

形变检测现已成为大型立式油罐年检中的重要内容。本文提出了一种基于Leica TM30在油罐外进行形变检测的OATS法,利用油罐内外测量数据,分析该方法的精度,论证了其有效性和优越性。