Biofloc technology has been applied successfully in the intensive aquaculture of several fish and shrimp species. The growth of heterotrophic microorganisms can be stimulated through adding extra carbon, which reduces...Biofloc technology has been applied successfully in the intensive aquaculture of several fish and shrimp species. The growth of heterotrophic microorganisms can be stimulated through adding extra carbon, which reduces the nitrogen level in the water and provides microbial protein to the animals. However, most of the studies and practical applications have been conducted in freshwater and marine environment. This paper focused on brine shrimp Artemia that lives in high salinity environment together with other halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms. The effect of carbon supplementation on Artemia growth, water quality, and microbial diversity of biofl ocs was studied in the closed culture condition without any water exchange. The salinity of the culture medium was 100. A 24-d culture trial was conducted through supplementing sucrose at carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 5, 15, and 30 (Su5, Su15, and Su30), respectively. The culture without adding sucrose was used as a control. Artemia was fed formulated feed at a feeding ration of 60% recommended feeding level. The results showed that sucrose supplementation at higher C/N ratio (15 and 30) signifi cantly improved the Artemia survival, growth and water quality ( P <0.05). Addition of sucrose at C/N ratio of 15 and 30 significantly increased biofloc volume (BFV)( P <0.05). The Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that supplementing carbon at C/N ratio of 15 had a better total bacterial diversity and richness, and shaped the microbial composition at genera level. This study should provide information for studying the mechanism of biofloc technology and its application in high salinity culture conditions.展开更多
Long-time large-area haze weather appeared in Wuhan on June 11, 2012. It was monitored that PM2.5 hourly concentration obviously rose, and peak value reached 658 μg/m3. OC and PM2.5 presented high correlation, and co...Long-time large-area haze weather appeared in Wuhan on June 11, 2012. It was monitored that PM2.5 hourly concentration obviously rose, and peak value reached 658 μg/m3. OC and PM2.5 presented high correlation, and correlation coefficient was 0.96. OC daily average concentration occupied 10% -20% in PM2.5, and difference was big between haze and normal weather. EC occupied 5%, and difference was very small between haze and normal weather. By analyzing change trend of OC/EC, it was found that OC/EC presented increasing trend in late May and was even higher than that during 11 -15 June. It was clear that biomass combustion taking straw as the representation has started in late May. But two strong precipitation on May 29 and June 6 inhibited haze weather, and specific meteorological condition caused haze on June 11. Proportion of SOC to OC reached 14% -70%, illustrating that daily difference of secondary photochemical reaction was very big in Wuhan. OC/EC values were respectively 2.7, 3.5 and 4.2 in May, June and haze period. SOC daily means were respectively （5.33 ±4.77） and （32.5 ±23.4） μg/m^3 in May and haze period. Major pollution source of haze weather was biomass combustion, and haze occurrence had very big relationship with special meteorological condition.展开更多
Carbonaceous components contribute significant fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Study of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 may lead to better understanding of secondary organic carbon ...Carbonaceous components contribute significant fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Study of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 may lead to better understanding of secondary organic carbon (SOC) formation. This year-long (December 2008 to December 2009) field study was conducted in an animal agriculture intensive area in North Carolina of United States. Samples of PM2.5 were collected from five stations located in an egg production facility and its vicinities. Concentrations of OC/EC and thermograms were obtained using a thermal-optical carbon analyzer. Average levels of OC in the egg production house and at ambient stations were 42.7 μg/m3 and 3.26 - 3.47 μg/m3, respectively. Average levels of EC in the house and at ambient stations were 1.14 μg/m3 and 0.36 - 0.42 μg/m3, respectively. The OC to total carbon (TC) ratios at ambient stations exceeded 0.67, indicating a significant fraction of SOC presented in PM2.5. Principal factor analysis results suggested that possible major source of in-house PM2.5 was from poultry feed and possible major sources of ambient PM2.5 was from contributions of secondary inorganic and organic PM. Using the OC/EC primary ratio analysis method, ambient stations SOC fractions ranged from 68% to 87%. These findings suggested that SOC could appreciably contribute to total PM2.5 mass concentrations in this agriculture intensive area.展开更多
太阳辐照度与光伏电站发电功率密切相关,其预报的准确性直接影响发电功率预报的准确性。根据光伏电站太阳辐照度实况、气象站实况、WRF(Weather Research and Forecast Model)模式辐照度预报、EC细网格数值预报以及太阳理论辐照度,利用...太阳辐照度与光伏电站发电功率密切相关,其预报的准确性直接影响发电功率预报的准确性。根据光伏电站太阳辐照度实况、气象站实况、WRF(Weather Research and Forecast Model)模式辐照度预报、EC细网格数值预报以及太阳理论辐照度,利用逐步回归法开展太阳辐照度预报订正研究,得到以下结论:①太阳辐照度实况与太阳理论辐照度的比值与EC细网格数值预报中气象要素的相关性优于太阳辐照度实况与气象要素的相关性;②不同时刻影响太阳辐照度的气象因子存在差异,通过逐步回归法建立不同时刻太阳辐照度预报模型;③在非晴天情况下,回归预报辐照度相对均方根误差比WRF模式预报辐照度降低10%左右,减小了辐照度预报误差。该研究成果在光伏电站的新能源数值预报服务中有一定的应用价值。展开更多
The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Gl...The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Glacier retreat is occurring in this region due to climate change,leading to an increase in meltwater outflow with a high debris content.In August 2017,we collected a sediment Core Z3 from the central fjord near the Yellow River Station.Then,we used the widely used chronology method of 210Pb,^(137)Cs,and other parameters to reflect the climate change record in the sedimentary environment of Kongsfjord.The results showed that after the mid-late 1990s,the mass accumulation rate of this core increased from 0.10 g/(cm^(2)·a)to 0.34 g/(cm^(2)·a),while the flux of^(210)Pb_(ex)increased from 125 Bq/(m^(2)·a)to 316 Bq/(m^(2)·a).The higher sedimentary inventory of^(210)Pb_(ex)in Kongsfjord compared to global fallout might have been caused by sediment focusing,boundary scavenging,and riverine input.Similarities between the inventory of^(137)Cs and global fallout indicated that terrestrial particulate matter was the main source of^(137)Cs in fjord sediments.The sedimentation rate increased after 1997,possibly due to the increased influx of glacial meltwater containing debris.In addition,the^(137)Cs activity,percentage of organic carbon(OC),and OC/total nitrogen concentration ratio showed increasing trends toward the top of the core since 1997,corresponding to a decrease in the mass balance of glaciers in the region.The results ofδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and OC/TN concentration ratio showed both terrestrial and marine sources contributed to the organic matter in Core Z3.The relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter which was calculated by a two-endmember model showed an increased trend since mid-1990s.All these data indicate that global climate change has a significant impact on Arctic glaciers.展开更多
基金Supported by the Yangtze Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT_17R81)the Technology Support Project of Tianjin(No.16YFZCNC00810)
文摘Biofloc technology has been applied successfully in the intensive aquaculture of several fish and shrimp species. The growth of heterotrophic microorganisms can be stimulated through adding extra carbon, which reduces the nitrogen level in the water and provides microbial protein to the animals. However, most of the studies and practical applications have been conducted in freshwater and marine environment. This paper focused on brine shrimp Artemia that lives in high salinity environment together with other halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms. The effect of carbon supplementation on Artemia growth, water quality, and microbial diversity of biofl ocs was studied in the closed culture condition without any water exchange. The salinity of the culture medium was 100. A 24-d culture trial was conducted through supplementing sucrose at carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 5, 15, and 30 (Su5, Su15, and Su30), respectively. The culture without adding sucrose was used as a control. Artemia was fed formulated feed at a feeding ration of 60% recommended feeding level. The results showed that sucrose supplementation at higher C/N ratio (15 and 30) signifi cantly improved the Artemia survival, growth and water quality ( P <0.05). Addition of sucrose at C/N ratio of 15 and 30 significantly increased biofloc volume (BFV)( P <0.05). The Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that supplementing carbon at C/N ratio of 15 had a better total bacterial diversity and richness, and shaped the microbial composition at genera level. This study should provide information for studying the mechanism of biofloc technology and its application in high salinity culture conditions.
文摘Long-time large-area haze weather appeared in Wuhan on June 11, 2012. It was monitored that PM2.5 hourly concentration obviously rose, and peak value reached 658 μg/m3. OC and PM2.5 presented high correlation, and correlation coefficient was 0.96. OC daily average concentration occupied 10% -20% in PM2.5, and difference was big between haze and normal weather. EC occupied 5%, and difference was very small between haze and normal weather. By analyzing change trend of OC/EC, it was found that OC/EC presented increasing trend in late May and was even higher than that during 11 -15 June. It was clear that biomass combustion taking straw as the representation has started in late May. But two strong precipitation on May 29 and June 6 inhibited haze weather, and specific meteorological condition caused haze on June 11. Proportion of SOC to OC reached 14% -70%, illustrating that daily difference of secondary photochemical reaction was very big in Wuhan. OC/EC values were respectively 2.7, 3.5 and 4.2 in May, June and haze period. SOC daily means were respectively （5.33 ±4.77） and （32.5 ±23.4） μg/m^3 in May and haze period. Major pollution source of haze weather was biomass combustion, and haze occurrence had very big relationship with special meteorological condition.
文摘Carbonaceous components contribute significant fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Study of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 may lead to better understanding of secondary organic carbon (SOC) formation. This year-long (December 2008 to December 2009) field study was conducted in an animal agriculture intensive area in North Carolina of United States. Samples of PM2.5 were collected from five stations located in an egg production facility and its vicinities. Concentrations of OC/EC and thermograms were obtained using a thermal-optical carbon analyzer. Average levels of OC in the egg production house and at ambient stations were 42.7 μg/m3 and 3.26 - 3.47 μg/m3, respectively. Average levels of EC in the house and at ambient stations were 1.14 μg/m3 and 0.36 - 0.42 μg/m3, respectively. The OC to total carbon (TC) ratios at ambient stations exceeded 0.67, indicating a significant fraction of SOC presented in PM2.5. Principal factor analysis results suggested that possible major source of in-house PM2.5 was from poultry feed and possible major sources of ambient PM2.5 was from contributions of secondary inorganic and organic PM. Using the OC/EC primary ratio analysis method, ambient stations SOC fractions ranged from 68% to 87%. These findings suggested that SOC could appreciably contribute to total PM2.5 mass concentrations in this agriculture intensive area.
文摘太阳辐照度与光伏电站发电功率密切相关,其预报的准确性直接影响发电功率预报的准确性。根据光伏电站太阳辐照度实况、气象站实况、WRF(Weather Research and Forecast Model)模式辐照度预报、EC细网格数值预报以及太阳理论辐照度,利用逐步回归法开展太阳辐照度预报订正研究,得到以下结论:①太阳辐照度实况与太阳理论辐照度的比值与EC细网格数值预报中气象要素的相关性优于太阳辐照度实况与气象要素的相关性;②不同时刻影响太阳辐照度的气象因子存在差异,通过逐步回归法建立不同时刻太阳辐照度预报模型;③在非晴天情况下,回归预报辐照度相对均方根误差比WRF模式预报辐照度降低10%左右,减小了辐照度预报误差。该研究成果在光伏电站的新能源数值预报服务中有一定的应用价值。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42107251 and 41706089the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under contract No.2020J05232.
文摘The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Glacier retreat is occurring in this region due to climate change,leading to an increase in meltwater outflow with a high debris content.In August 2017,we collected a sediment Core Z3 from the central fjord near the Yellow River Station.Then,we used the widely used chronology method of 210Pb,^(137)Cs,and other parameters to reflect the climate change record in the sedimentary environment of Kongsfjord.The results showed that after the mid-late 1990s,the mass accumulation rate of this core increased from 0.10 g/(cm^(2)·a)to 0.34 g/(cm^(2)·a),while the flux of^(210)Pb_(ex)increased from 125 Bq/(m^(2)·a)to 316 Bq/(m^(2)·a).The higher sedimentary inventory of^(210)Pb_(ex)in Kongsfjord compared to global fallout might have been caused by sediment focusing,boundary scavenging,and riverine input.Similarities between the inventory of^(137)Cs and global fallout indicated that terrestrial particulate matter was the main source of^(137)Cs in fjord sediments.The sedimentation rate increased after 1997,possibly due to the increased influx of glacial meltwater containing debris.In addition,the^(137)Cs activity,percentage of organic carbon(OC),and OC/total nitrogen concentration ratio showed increasing trends toward the top of the core since 1997,corresponding to a decrease in the mass balance of glaciers in the region.The results ofδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and OC/TN concentration ratio showed both terrestrial and marine sources contributed to the organic matter in Core Z3.The relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter which was calculated by a two-endmember model showed an increased trend since mid-1990s.All these data indicate that global climate change has a significant impact on Arctic glaciers.
