Background:The basic objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the rice output,its production area,water availability,and agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)of Pakistan.Annual time series da...Background:The basic objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the rice output,its production area,water availability,and agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)of Pakistan.Annual time series data for 1970–2015 were collected from the National Food Security and Research,Economic Survey of Pakistan,and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics(various publications).Methods:Rice crop data were analyzed using the ordinary least square method and the augmented Dickey–Fuller test.Were interpreted using the Johansen cointegration test.Results:Our study revealed the existence of a long-standing relationship between rice output,its production area,and water availability with the agricultural GDP of Pakistan.Regression results indicate that rice output and cultivated area have a significant and positive relationship with agricultural GDP,while water availability has a negative relationship.Conclusions:The study suggests that the government of Pakistan should design new policies and funding schemes for developing and improving water availability.展开更多
线性模型是统计分析中非常重要的模型,在现代统计学中应用较为广泛.目前,针对线性模型的研究主要集中在它的应用和参数估计的研究上,其中最小二乘估计(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator,OLSE),最佳线性无偏估计(Ordinary Least Squares E...线性模型是统计分析中非常重要的模型,在现代统计学中应用较为广泛.目前,针对线性模型的研究主要集中在它的应用和参数估计的研究上,其中最小二乘估计(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator,OLSE),最佳线性无偏估计(Ordinary Least Squares Estimator,BLUE)是线性模型下关于参数函数Kβ最常用的两个估计.本文主要研究在限制线性模型M_(r)=y,Xβ|Aβ=b,∑和转换线性模型M_(t)=By,BXβ,B∑下,参数函数Kβ的OLSE和BLUE之间的关系,即给出OLSE_(M_(r))(Kβ)=OLSE_(M_(t))(Kβ),BLUE_(M_(r))(Kβ)=BLUE_(M_(t))(Kβ)成立的等价条件.展开更多
Several important parameters of the OLED were analyzed in this paper, a testing method based on the CCD was propounded and how to improve the performance of this system were also disserted.
文摘Background:The basic objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the rice output,its production area,water availability,and agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)of Pakistan.Annual time series data for 1970–2015 were collected from the National Food Security and Research,Economic Survey of Pakistan,and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics(various publications).Methods:Rice crop data were analyzed using the ordinary least square method and the augmented Dickey–Fuller test.Were interpreted using the Johansen cointegration test.Results:Our study revealed the existence of a long-standing relationship between rice output,its production area,and water availability with the agricultural GDP of Pakistan.Regression results indicate that rice output and cultivated area have a significant and positive relationship with agricultural GDP,while water availability has a negative relationship.Conclusions:The study suggests that the government of Pakistan should design new policies and funding schemes for developing and improving water availability.
文摘线性模型是统计分析中非常重要的模型,在现代统计学中应用较为广泛.目前,针对线性模型的研究主要集中在它的应用和参数估计的研究上,其中最小二乘估计(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator,OLSE),最佳线性无偏估计(Ordinary Least Squares Estimator,BLUE)是线性模型下关于参数函数Kβ最常用的两个估计.本文主要研究在限制线性模型M_(r)=y,Xβ|Aβ=b,∑和转换线性模型M_(t)=By,BXβ,B∑下,参数函数Kβ的OLSE和BLUE之间的关系,即给出OLSE_(M_(r))(Kβ)=OLSE_(M_(t))(Kβ),BLUE_(M_(r))(Kβ)=BLUE_(M_(t))(Kβ)成立的等价条件.
文摘Several important parameters of the OLED were analyzed in this paper, a testing method based on the CCD was propounded and how to improve the performance of this system were also disserted.
