Origin软件在“微生物学”实验教学中的应用——以细菌生长曲线的测定实验为例

针对高校本科“微生物学”实验教学中遇到的数据处理问题,以细菌生长曲线测定的实验为例,使用Origin 2022软件进行数据导入、数据计算、图形绘制及插入误差棒等操作,完成细菌生长曲线的绘制。结果表明,利用Origin软件可以快速对实验数据进行批量处理,操作简捷并可避免人工计算的误差,对实验得到的非线性数据通过软件可以拟合出美观的图形,将实验结果可视化。在教学中通过引入Origin软件,可以在讲授具体微生物知识的同时,让本科生掌握一款专业的数据分析处理软件,有助于培养本科生的数据处理能力,提高综合科研素养,为后续实验课程和科研工作的数据处理工作打好基础。

Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

Geographical origin identification of winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao')by using multi-element fingerprinting with chemometrics

Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao')is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality,but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market.Here,we first determined a total of 38 elements in 167 winter jujube samples from the main winter jujube producing areas of China by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).As a result,16 elements(Mg,K,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ba,Be,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ce,Er,Tl,and Pb)exhibited significant differences in samples from different producing areas.Supervised linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)showed better performance in identifying the origin of samples than unsupervised principal component analysis(PCA).LDA and OPLS-DA had a mean identification accuracy of 87.84 and 94.64%in the testing set,respectively.By using the multilayer perceptron(MLP)and C5.0,the prediction accuracy of the models could reach 96.36 and 91.06%,respectively.Based on the above four chemometric methods,Cd,Tl,Mo and Se were selected as the main variables and principal markers for the origin identification of winter jujube.Overall,this study demonstrates that it is practical and precise to identify the origin of winter jujube through multi-element fingerprint analysis with chemometrics,and may also provide reference for establishing the origin traceability system of other fruits.

Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Management of retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma of unknown origin:A case report

BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma(HGSC)of unknown origin is a sporadic tumor that can originate from ovarian cancer.Herein,we report the case of a woman with retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin and describe how she was diagnosed and treated.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old female presented with the tumor marker CA125 elevated to 1041.9 U/mL upon a regular health examination.Computed tomography revealed retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement.Subsequently,positron emission tomography scanning revealed lesions with increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the nodes.As a result,she underwent laparoscopic lymph node resection,and pathology revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with CK7(+),PAX8(+),WT1(+),PR(-),and p53 mutational loss of expression,indicating that the origin may be from the adnexa.The patient was admitted to our ward and underwent laparoscopic staging;however,the pathological results were negative.Under the suspicion of retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin,chemotherapy and targeted therapy were initiated.Tumor marker levels decreased after treatment.CONCLUSION We present a case of HGSC of unknown origin managed using retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy,staging surgery,chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.

最小二乘法和Origin软件在牛顿第二运动定律验证实验的数据处理中的应用

用最小二乘法和Origin软件分别对牛顿第二运动定律验证实验的实验数据进行处理。计算结果表明,Origin软件在处理实验数据方面具有快速、灵活、便捷等优势,避免了因人为因素所造成的误差,因而在实验数据处理中具有广泛的应用前景。

vivo OriginOS 4系统深度体验报告

随着AI大模型热潮愈演愈烈以及Android14正式版的发布,最近不少手机厂商公布了操作系统的升级计划,如vivo在2023年11月1日举行的开发者大会上就正式官宣了OriginOS4系统。OriginOS历代记2020年11月,vivo基于Android底层和Linux内核研发的OriginOS1.0正式问世。根据vivo官方的说法,以“本原做设计,设计为本原”为原则,OriginOS希望达成的目的是成为“连接物理世界和数字世界的桥梁”。该系统一问世就受到了广泛好评,因为它一方面在视觉设计对过去千篇一律的Android系统UI进行了重构,带来了更符合时代审美的诸多创新设计,如其首创的桌面架构体系“华容网格”,对桌面元素进行了重构,让桌面上的很多基础单元(系统组件和图标)都能进行自定义布局组合。

汲取“伟人”智慧,创新“素养”提升--利用Tracker和 Origin软件探究自由落体运动

伽利略对于自由落体运动的研究囊括了数学推理、实验验证和思想外推.本文汲取“伟人”--伽利略的自由落体运动研究的思想,并以现代技术手段--Tracker软件获取数据和Origin软件处理数据为抓手,创新自由落体运动的探究过程,促进学生科学探究和科学思维等学科核心素养的提升,以期专家和同行指正.

用Origin软件探究HgCdTe单晶的变温霍尔效应

利用Origin软件的模板化绘图、列数据计算、App插件等功能,探究了HgCdTe单晶样品的本征激发温区、禁带宽度、副效应影响等特性.结果表明,Origin软件在处理实验数据方面具有便捷和高效的优势.

Origin作图法研究灵敏电流计的特性

灵敏电流计允许通过的电流很小,实验中采用二级分压的方法,使其两端的电压很小。测量时采用变偏法,保持总电压U和分压电阻R_(2)不变,改变外电路电阻R,测得对应的偏转格数d。处理数据时,用Origin软件拟合R~1/d曲线,即可得出直线的斜率和截距,从而求出电流常数k和灵敏电流计的内阻R_(g)。相对于手工作图,Origin拟合数据更为快速,值得推广到大学物理实验课程的其他实验中去。

基于Origin的土工颗粒分析试验数据处理

分析了基于Origin软件处理颗粒、分析试验数据的原理,并以开封某地粉沙土颗粒分析试验结果为基础数据,探讨了其数据分析处理的步骤。最后,通过与Excel、AutoCAD软件绘制颗粒级配曲线的方法相比,验证了该方法的适用性。

A Study on the Origin and Binding Form of Printing Edition of Qing Guangxu’s“Shanxi Tongzhi”

Shanxi Tongzhi,written during the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty,is a typical example of the printed version of ancient Chinese books.Through the textual research of relevant cultural and historical materials,combined with the research on the publishing background and the formal binding system,this paper shows that“Shanxi Tongzhi”during Qing Guangxu has four editions since the original edition was compiled and published in 1892.With development and changes,its content has been continuously deepened and expanded.The version inherits the ancient system and extensive collection,the printing form is rigorous,and the binding is simple and exquisite,which has essential historical research value.At the same time,the traditional and straightforward Chinese-style aesthetics of the ancient printed version of“Shanxi Tongzhi”published during Qing Guangxu has a very high reference value for the exploration and development of the new connotation of the modern book form.

The telomere-to-telomere genome of Fragaria vesca reveals the genomic evolution of Fragaria and the origin of cultivated octoploid strawberry

Fragaria vesca,commonly known as wild or woodland strawberry,is the most widely distributed diploid Fragaria species and is native to Europe and Asia.Because of its small plant size,low heterozygosity,and relative ease of genetic transformation,F.vesca has been a model plant for fruit research since the publication of its Illumina-based genome in 2011.However,its genomic contribution to octoploid cultivated strawberry remains a long-standing question.Here,we de novo assembled and annotated a telomere-to-telomere,gap-free genome of F.vesca‘Hawaii 4’,with all seven chromosomes assembled into single contigs,providing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date.The gap-free genome is 220785082 bp in length and encodes 36173 protein-coding gene models,including 1153 newly annotated genes.All 14 telomeres and seven centromeres were annotated within the seven chromosomes.Among the three previously recognized wild diploid strawberry ancestors,F.vesca,F.iinumae,and F.viridis,phylogenomic analysis showed that F.vesca and F.viridis are the ancestors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry F.×ananassa,and F.vesca is its closest relative.Three subgenomes of F.×ananassa belong to the F.vesca group,and one is sister to F.viridis.We anticipate that this high-quality,telomere-to-telomere,gap-free F.vesca genome,combined with our phylogenomic inference of the origin of cultivated strawberry,will provide insight into the genomic evolution of Fragaria and facilitate strawberry genetics and molecular breeding.

Dose reconstruction with Compton camera during proton therapy via subset-driven origin ensemble and double evolutionary algorithm

Compton camera-based prompt gamma(PG) imaging has been proposed for range verification during proton therapy. However, a deviation between the PG and dose distributions, as well as the difference between the reconstructed PG and exact values, limit the effectiveness of the approach in accurate range monitoring during clinical applications. The aim of the study was to realize a PG-based dose reconstruction with a Compton camera, thereby further improving the prediction accuracy of in vivo range verification and providing a novel method for beam monitoring during proton therapy. In this paper, we present an approach based on a subset-driven origin ensemble with resolution recovery and a double evolutionary algorithm to reconstruct the dose depth profile(DDP) from the gamma events obtained by a cadmium-zinc-telluride Compton camera with limited position and energy resolution. Simulations of proton pencil beams with clinical particle rate irradiating phantoms made of different materials and the CT-based thoracic phantom were used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that for the monoenergetic proton pencil beam irradiating homogeneous-material box phantom,the accuracy of the reconstructed DDP was within 0.3 mm for range prediction and within 5.2% for dose prediction. In particular, for 1.6-Gy irradiation in the therapy simulation of thoracic tumors, the range deviation of the reconstructed spreadout Bragg peak was within 0.8 mm, and the relative dose deviation in the peak area was less than 7% compared to the exact values. The results demonstrate the potential and feasibility of the proposed method in future Compton-based accurate dose reconstruction and range verification during proton therapy.

The Spin-Charge-Family Theory Is Explaining the Origin of Families,of the Higgs and the Yukawa Couplings

The (extremely efficient) standard model of the elementary particles and fields makes several assumptions, which call for explanations. Any theory offering next step beyond the standard model must explain at least the existence and properties of families and their members and correspondingly the existence of the scalar Higgs and the Yukawa couplings, which in this model take care of masses of fermions and weak bosons and influence the decaying properties of families. The spin-charge-family theory [1-11] is offering a possible explanation for the assumptions of the standard model—for the appearance of families and their members (for the charges of a family members), for the gauge fields, for the scalar fields—interpreting the standard model as its low energy effective manifestation. The spin-charge-family theory predicts at the low energy regime two decoupled groups of four families of quarks and leptons. The predicted fourth family waits to be observed, while the stable fifth family is the candidate to form the dark matter. In this paper properties of families are analysed. The appearance of several scalar fields, all in the bosonic (adjoint) representations with respect to the family groups, while they are doublets with respect to the weak charge, is presented, their properties discussed, it is explained how these scalar fields can effectively be interpreted as the standard model Higgs and the Yukawa couplings. The spin-charge-family theory predicts that there are no supersymmetric partners of the observed fermions and bosons.

Correction:Geochronology and origin of Paleoproterozoic charnockites with old crustal signature in the Haisyn block of the Ukrainian shield

In the original publication of the article,Pbr should be replaced with Pb in Table 2.The correct Table 2 is provided in this article.

Overpressure origins and evolution in deep-buried strata:A case study of the Jurassic Formation,central Junggar Basin,western China

Overpressure is significant to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum due to its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation and drilling strategies.The deep-burial hydrocarbon reservoirs of Jurassic strata in the central Junggar Basin are characterized by intensive overpressure,whose origins are complex and still unclear.In this study,Bowers'method and sonic velocity-density crossplot method based on well logging data were used as a combination for overpressure judgements in geophysics.Furthermore,the corresponding geological processes were analysed in quality and quantity to provide a rational comprehension of the overpressure origins and the model of overpressure evolution and hy-drocarbon accumulation processes.The results showed that hydrocarbon generation in the Jurassic source rocks led to overpressure in the mudstones,while hydrocarbon generation in Permian source rocks led to overpressure in the sandstone reservoirs in Jurassic strata by vertical pressure transfer.The burial and thermal history indicated that the aquathermal effect of pore fluids by temperature increase in deep strata is also an important origin of overpressure,while disequilibrium compaction may not be the dominant cause for the overpressure in deep-buried strata.Furthermore,the continuous tectonic compression in both the north-south and west-east trends from the Jurassic period to the present may also have enhanced the overpressure in deep strata.Meanwhile,the developed faults formed by intensive tectonic compression led to pressure transfer from source rocks to the Jurassic reservoirs.Overpressured geofluids with hydrocarbons migrated to sandstone reservoirs and aggravated the over-pressure in the Jurassic strata.To conclude,the intensive overpressure in the central Junggar Basin is attributed to the combination of multiple mechanisms,including hydrocarbon generation,the aqua-thermal effect,tectonic compression and pressure transfer.Furthermore,the developed overpressure indicated hydrocarbon migration and accumulation processes and the potential of oil and gas reservoirs in deeply buried strata.We hope this study will provide a systematic research concept for overpressure origin analysis and provide guidance for petroleum exploration and exploitation in deep-buried strata.

Physical Origin of Color Changes in Lutetium Hydride under Pressure

Recently,near-ambient superconductivity was claimed in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride(LuH_(3-δ)N_(ε)).Unfortunately,all follow-up research still cannot find superconductivity signs in successfully synthesized lutetium dihydride(LuH_(2)) and N-doped LuH_(2±x)N_(y).However,a similar intriguing observation was the pressure-induced color changes(from blue to pink and subsequent red).The physical understanding of its origin and the correlation between the color,crystal structure,and chemical composition of Lu–H–N is still lacking.In this work,we systematically investigated the optical properties of LuH_(2) and LuH_(3),and the effects of hydrogen vacancies and nitrogen doping using the first-principles calculations by considering both interband and intraband contributions.Our results demonstrate that the evolution of reflectivity peaks near blue and red light,which is driven by changes in the band gap and Fermi velocity of free electrons,resulting in the blue-to-red color change under pressure.In contrast,LuH_(3) exhibits gray and no color change up to 50 GPa.Furthermore,we investigated the effects of hydrogen vacancies and nitrogen doping on its optical properties.Hydrogen vacancies can significantly decrease the pressure of blue-to-red color change in LuH_(2) but do not have a noticeable effect on the color of LuH_(3).The N-doped LuH_(2) with the substitution of a hydrogen atom at the tetrahedral position maintains the color change when the N-doping concentration is low.As the doping level increases,this trend becomes less obvious,while other N-doped structures do not show a blue-to-red color change.Our results can clarify the origin of the experimental observed blue-to-red color change in lutetium hydride and also provide a further understanding of the potential N-doped lutetium dihydride.

Petroleum geochemistry and origin of shallow-buried saline lacustrine oils in the slope zone of the Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

Recently, significant oil discoveries have been made in the shallower pay zones of the Jurassic Badaowan Formation (J_(1)b) in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China. However, little work has been done on the geochemical characteristics and origins of the oil in the J_(1)b reservoir. This study analyzes 44 oil and 14 source rock samples from the area in order to reveal their organic geochemical characteristics and the origins of the oils. The J_(1)b oils are characterized by a low Pr/Ph ratio and high β-carotene and gammacerane indices, which indicate that they were mainly generated from source rocks deposited in a hypersaline environment. The oils are also extremely enhanced in C_(29) regular steranes, possibly derived from halophilic algae. Oil-source correlation shows that the oils were derived from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation (P_(1)f) source rocks, which were deposited in a strongly stratified and highly saline water column with a predominance of algal/bacterial input in the organic matter. The source rocks of the Middle Permian lower-Wuerhe Formation (P_(2)w), which were deposited in fresh to slightly saline water conditions with a greater input of terrigenous organic matter, make only a minor contribution to the J_(1)b oils. The reconstruction of the oil accumulation process shows that the J_(1)b oil reservoir may have been twice charged during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and the Paleogene–Neogene, respectively. A large amount volume of hydrocarbons generated in the P_(1)f source rock and leaked from T_(1)b oil reservoirs migrated along faults connecting source beds and shallow-buried secondary faults into Jurassic traps, resulting in large-scale accumulations in J_(1)b. These results are crucial for understanding the petroleum system of the Mahu Sag and will provide valuable guidance for petroleum exploration in the shallower formations in the slope area of the sag.

The Origin and Preservation of Suspended Barites near the 90°E Ridge in the Northeastern Indian Ocean

Suspended particulate barite crystals were detected in the water columns at four different stations near the 90°E ridge in the Indian Ocean.Four distinct morphological types of marine barites were distinguished:euhedral-subhedral crystals,oval or round crystals,rhombic crystals,and irregular crystals.The barite crystals in the study area are typically fine,with a dominant size of 1–3μm.The vertical distribution of barites is significantly affected by the formation and sedimentation processes.Barites begin to appear at a depth of 30 m and are formed primarily from the surface to the depth of 2000m with a concentration peak at the depth of 200m,where particles are coarser than those in the other layers.The barites begin to settle and dissolve once formed in the water column,resulting in finer barite particles and lower particle concentrations.The formation of barite crystals is related to biological processes associated with the decomposition of barium-rich skeletons in the microenvironment of decaying organic matter that is affected by the primary productivity and dissolved oxygen content in the water column.The dissolving process of barite crystals showed similar variation with the concentration of dissolved barium in ocean water,and the substitution of strontium for barite in crystals promotes the selective dissolution of barite and exerts an important impact on its morphology.It is approximately 33%of barites in the amount and 22%in the concentration to settle to the bottom of the water column compared to that observed in the main barite formation zone.