Effect of land-use changes on chemical and physical properties of soil in western Iran(Zagros oak forests)

The consequence of land-use change from forest to agriculture and other uses has become one of the world’s greatest concerns.The soil,one of the most important components of forests and containing all the required plant nutrients as soluble ions,is highly impacted by these changes.Because vast areas of the Zagros forests in western Iran have changed in use during the last few decades,the present study investigated the effects of landuse changes of forest area to agriculture,orchard,and agroforestry on soil chemical and physical properties.Soil was sampled at four land-use areas:less-disturbed forest areas(control)and agricultural,orchard,and agroforestry areas.Among each of the two forest-use areas(agroforestry and orchard),we selected five trees with similar-sized crowns and sampled under each tree crown at 0-15 and>15-30 cm depths.Five soil samples also were taken in agriculture area at each depth.The findings indicated that during land-use changes,soil sand particles decreased,and clay and silt particles of soil increased,resulting in a fine soil texture.Moreover,the amount of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),organic carbon(OC),and electrical conductivity(EC)of soil decreased at both depths due to the decrease in organic matter.Soil pH and magnesium(Mg)level rose during land-use change at both depths except at agricultural sites.Soil potassium(K)content decreased during agricultural use due to the elimination of tree cover.The level of K decreased only at the depth of 0-15 cm because of K dependency on parent materials.Generally,most soil nutrients were affected by plant removal in the conversion.Forest and agricultural soil are distinguishable by their properties,while land-uses such as agroforestry-orchard separated from the others.Soil nutrients were severely affected by the decrease and elimination of tree cover,plowing,and continuous harvesting,resulting in a decline in soil quality and fertility.

Effect of competition on spatial patterns of oak forests on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Reforestation or natural forest regeneration is an alternative measure for controlling soil erosion in degraded land on the Chinese Loess Plateau（CLP）. However, our understanding of the temporal dynamics and the spatial patterns of forest regeneration remains inadequate. Two oak forests at different development stages were investigated to determine the spatial patterns of competitions（intraspecies and interspecies） during different successional stages. The intraspecies and interspecies spatial relationships among different tree diameters at breast height were analyzed at multiple scales by Kriging interpolation method and univariate and bivariate O-ring statistics. Our analytical results indicated that self-correlation and competition intensity were relatively high between oak and pine trees in the early development stage of oak forests due to their clumped distributions of heavy seeds. Birch trees had a lower competition in comparison to oak trees although birch was the dominant species. Therefore, asymmetric competition of oak trees was most likely to have led to their edge dispersal and their success in replacing the pioneer species. Asymmetric competition means that larger individuals obtained a disproportionately large share of the resources and suppressed the growth of smaller individuals. Kriging interpolation analysis showed a tendency towards homogenization caused by interspecies competition during the succession of oak forests. Our results demonstrated that the competition was the driving factor in the spatial distribution of oak forests on the CLP.

Effects of Disturbance Intensities on Vegetation Patterns in Oak Forests of Kumaun,West Himalaya

In order to realize the significance of oak forests for ecology and economy of the Himalayan region,the present study attempts to objectively characterize disturbance intensities and their impacts on compositional features of identified Oak forests, i.e.Banj-oak(Quercus leucotrichophora A.Camus), Tilonj-oak(Q.floribunda Lindley)and Kharsu-oak(Q. semecarpifolia J.E.Smith)in west Himalaya. Amongst studied forests,Q.leucotrichophora and Q. semecarpifolia forests exhibited high sensitivity towards disturbance intensities.In both forests, increasing level of disturbance significantly lowered tree density,dominance and natural recruitment (seedling and sapling density).Q.floribunda forests, however,appeared relatively more resilient to anthropogenic disturbances.Amongst studied oak forests,Q.semecarpifolia forests with overall poor natural regeneration are in a most critically endangered demographic state.However,a slightly improved regeneration(i.e.,seedling density)in moderately disturbed plots is indicative that such plots may be utilized most suitably for in situ revival of these forests.Effect of disturbance intensities on tree population is an important subject for forest ecology and management and the present study highlights a need for adopting different management strategies across disturbance intensities in diverse oak forests of west Himalaya.

Ice storm damage to oak forests in subtropical China

Ice storms,as important sources of frequent and injurious disturbances,drive forest dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere.However,stand-level differential vulnerability to ice storms and the associated factors that predispose forest stands remain unclear.This is particularly concerning in the subtropics where the frequency of ice storms is predicted to increase with global warming.Here we assessed how the impact on three forest stands(early and late secondary-growth forests,and old-growth forests)differed after an extreme ice storm during 20–21 March 2022,and identified the abiotic and biotic factors that determine the damage intensity in the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site,a biodiversity conservation hotspot in central China.We found a stand-specific‘middomain effect’where the late secondary-growth forest sustained the most severe damage,the early secondarygrowth forest sustained the least,and the old-growth forest suffered an intermediate amount.‘Crown broken’was the most severe damage type across all three forest stands,although the proportion of‘branch broken’was also high in the old-growth forest.Topography played a significant role in determining the vulnerability of the early secondary-growth forest to severe ice storms whereas the forest structure and composition were important factors in explaining the damage rates in the old-growth forest,although they differed among the damage categories.In contrast,topography,forest structure and composition generally explain the intensity of damage in the late secondary-growth forests.Our results highlight that,in subtropical forests,the intensity of damage caused by severe ice storms and related determining factors are stand-level dependent.We also suggest exploring potential management strategies(e.g.,slow-growing hardwood species that can resist storms should be the main species for reforestation in early secondary-growth forests)to mitigate the risk of future severe ice storms,as well as other wind-related climatic extremes.

Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests, Iran

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m^2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m^2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.

Herbaceous species diversity in relation to fire severity in Zagros oak forests,Iran

Zagros forests are mainly covered byQuercus brantii L. coppices and oak sprout clumps occupy the forest area like patches. We investigated post-fire herbaceous diversity in the first growing season after fire. For this purpose neighboring burned and unburned areas were selected with the same plant species and ecological conditions. The data were collected from areas subjected to different fire severities. Overall 6 treatments were considered with respect to fire severity and the mi-crosites of inside and outside of oak sprout clumps including： unburned inside and outside of sprout clumps （Ni and No）, inside of sprout clumps that burned with high fire severity （H）, inside of sprout clumps that burned with moderate fire severity （M）, outside of sprout clumps that burned with low fire severity （OH and OM）. Different herbaceous com-position was observed in the unburned inside and outside of oak sprout clumps. The species diversity and richness were increased in treatments burned with low and moderate fire severity. However, in treatment burned with high fire severity （H）, herbaceous cover was reduced, even-ness was increased, and richness and diversity were not significantly changed. We concluded that besides the microsites conditions in forest, fire severity is an inseparable part of the ecological effect of fire on her-baceous composition.

Assessment and Monitoring Damage by <i>Coraebus florentinus</i>(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Mediterranean Oak Forests

Coraebus florentinus (Herbst) is a wood borer beetle that damages the most abundant Quercus species making up the Mediterranean forests. Damage is due to the feeding activity of the larvae which cuts the sap flow into the branch where it develops, drying it. In the last decades, the geographical range and the damage records of this species have expanded northwardly as a result of the climate global change since warmer conditions favor higher reproduction and quicker development of this species. On this paper, historical series of data after ten years evaluating damages by C. florentinus in Hornachuelos Natural Park (Southern Spain) are analyzed under the perspective of the environmental temperature increase linked to the global climate change. The assessment was done between 2007 and 2017, in two sampling plots of Mediterranean mixed-oak forests where holm and cork oaks are the predominant tree species. Results show that the infestation levels of this species at the beginning of the assessment period were higher than those described previously in the nineties and that they increased progressively during the monitoring time. The results also agree with the expansion of its distribution areas noticed in other areas of Europe. The foreseeable rising of damages of C. florentinus is discussed, at greater scale, under the perspective of future scenery of environmental warming and oaks decaying by losing fitness due to higher soil aridity.

The structural characteristics and climatic and human impacts of deciduous oak forests in China

Deciduous oak forest is one of the typical vegetation types in temperate and subtropical mountain zones in China.However,the patterns and determinants of the structural characteristics of these forests remain poorly understood.We investigated 682 oak forest plots across China to characterize the community structures of the oak forests and analyze the underlying factors controlling their spatial patterns.Across all plots,the overall mean values were 13.7 cm,10.0 m,1468 stems/ha and 24.3 m^(2)/ha for the diameter at breast height(DBH),height,stem density and total basal area(TBA)of trees,respectively.The average species richness was 6 species/600 m^(2),10 species/100 m^(2) and 4 species/1 m^(2) for the tree,shrub and herb layers,respectively.As latitude increased,the mean tree height,stem density,TBA,tree species richness and shrub species richness decreased,and the mean DBH did not show a significant trend,while species richness of herbs increased significantly.Climatic and anthropogenic variables could explain more variations in mean DBH,mean tree height,TBA,tree species richness,shrub species richness than those in stem density and herb species richness.Further analysis showed that precipitation-related climatic factors were major factors shaping the spatial patterns of community structures.Our findings provide a basis for recognizing the biogeographic patterns of oak forest structures and their responses to global change in China.

The Assessment of Carbon Stocks in the Oak Scrub Forest of Sheringal Valley Dir Kohistan

The present study estimates carbon stocks (C-stocks) of the Oak scrub forest of Sheringal valley through field inventory. Stem density (ha&#451), tree height (m), basal area (m2&#183ha&#451), stem volume (m2&#183ha&#451), stem biomass (t&#183ha&#451), total biomass (t&#183ha&#451), and total C-stock (t&#183ha&#451), were calculated. Stem density varied between 80±8.16 to 510 ± 42 trees ha&#451, with a mean value of 226 ± 7 tress ha&#451. The average tree height, basal area and stem volume were 5.47 ± 0.76 m, 12.82 ± 0.25 m2&#183ha&#451 and 46.37 ± 0.85 m3&#183ha&#451 respectively. The total calculated stem biomass was 32.46 ± 0.60 t&#183ha&#451 and total tree biomass was 51.61 ± 0.60 t&#183ha&#451. The calculated C-stocks in the Oak scrub forest ranged from 2.005 ± 1.32 t&#183ha&#451 to 63.1 ± 3.34 t&#183ha&#451 and the mean C stocks was 25.80 ± 0.47 t&#183ha&#451. The results of the study confirmed that the Oak scrub forest acts as a valuable sink of carbon, but this valuable storage factory of carbon faced the problems of excess uses for fuel wood, forage, domestic uses (mostly for construction) and unscientific management. Proper scientific management and proper utilization of the forest can be significant measures to enhance the potential of the forest to stored and sink more carbon and can be included for CDM and REED++ under Keyto protocol.

Predicting Cork Oak Suitability in Maâmora Forest Using Random Forest Algorithm

Maamora is considered the most important cork-oak forest in the world with regard to surface. Therefore, anthropic pressure, including cork harvesting, grazing and soft acorn picking up by local communities, has harmful consequences on forest regeneration and the forest become older exceeding harvesting age. Thus, its sustainability depends on the managers’ ability to succeed cork oak plantations. This work presents an assessment approach to evaluate Quercus suber suitability to its plantation which is based on a random forest algorithm (RF). In fact, this suitability has been assessed through analyzing management data related to previous plantation success rates (SR). Then a relationship between SR and a set of environmental and social factors has been investigated using the RF. Application of the fitted model to continuous maps of all involved factors enabled establishment of suitability maps which would help managers to make more rational decisions in terms of cork oak regeneration, ensuring Maamora forest sustainability.

Analysis of soil moisture variation by forest cover structure in lower western Himalayas, India

Soil moisture affects various hydrological processes, including evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff. Forested areas in the lower western Himalaya in India constitute the headwater catchments for many hill streams and have experienced degradation in forest cover due to grazing, deforestation and other human activities. This change in forest cover is likely to alter the soil moisture regime and, consequently, flow regimes in streams. The effect of change in forest cover on soil moisture regimes of this dry region has not been studied through long term field observations. We monitored soil matric potentials in two small watersheds in the lower western Himalaya of India. The watersheds consisted of homogeneous land covers of moderately dense oak forest and moderately degraded mixed oak forest. Observations were recorded at three sites at three depths in each watershed at fortnightly intervals for a period of three years. The soil moisture contents derived from soil potential measurements were analyzed to understand the spatial, temporal and profile variations under the two structures of forest cover. The analysis revealed large variations in soil moisture storage at different sites and depths and also during different seasons in each watershed. Mean soil moisture storage during monsoon, winter and summer seasons was higher under dense forest than under degraded forest. Highest soil moisture content occurred at shallow soil profiles, decreasing with depth in both watersheds. A high positive correlation was found between tree density and soil moisture content. Mean soil moisture content over the entire study period was higher under dense forest than under degraded forest. This indicated a potential for soil water storage under well managed oak forest. Because soil water storage is vital for sustenance of low flows, attention is needed on the management of oak forests in the Himalayan region.

Assessment of Cork Oak Decline Using Digital Multispectral Imagery in Relation with in Situ Crown Condition

Cork oak in Maamora forest is experiencing the dieback phenomenon. The evaluation of the latter in this forest has gained the importance over time and with the solicitation of managers to objectify its phytosanitary situation. Aiming at prioritizing management actions, remote sensing seems to be an effective tool to inquire about stands’ health conditions and their evolution. To this end, this study aims at mapping and validating health status of cork oak stands in Maamora. Sentinel 2 images in 2015 and 2020 were processed to calculate the differential normalized difference water index (NDWI), revealing vegetation moisture variation caused by drought. A statistical method based on thresholds was used to map cork oak dieback stands, those with no changes and those recovered. Results have shown that 54.63% of cork oak in Maamora forest have not changed in terms of phytosanitary situation between 2015 and 2020, 31.10% of oak stands are afflicted by a slight decline and 12.97% by a severe decline. Areas with slight or strong recovery remain minimal and represent 1.04% and 0.25% respectively. Ground data indicated that the map generated displayed a good distinction between stands severely and slightly declined with a global accuracy of 66.66%. Therefore, further research elaborating an advanced vegetation index reflecting the various factors of dieback would be of much importance.

Nutrients in litterfall,forest floor and mineral soils in two adjacent forest ecosystems in Greece

The fluxes of masses and the nutrients Ca,Mg,K,N,P and S were determined in the litterfall of two adjacent forest ecosystems of Hungarian oak(Quercus frainetto L.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)in a mountainous area of northeastern Greece in 2010–2015.The foliar litterfall for both species reached about 70%of the total litterfall,and was significantly higher from the other two fractions(woody and rest litterfall).The fluxes of masses and nutrients were compared between ecosystems for each fraction separately.Only one significant statistical difference was found,that of K in the woody litterfall.In addition,the stocks of masses and nutrients were calculated in the forest floors and mineral soils of the two ecosystems.Likewise,the stocks of nutrients in the forest floors and mineral soils were compared between ecosystems.In the L horizon of the forest floors,statistical differences,as a result of species effect,were found for the stocks of Ca and N.In the FH horizons,the masses and all the nutrient stocks differed significantly,as the beech plot had much higher quantities of organic matter and nutrients.These higher quantities were probably due to low soil temperatures(microclimate)and high acidity in the beech plot(species effect)that slowed down decomposition.In the mineral soils,the propagation of random error derived from random errors of the individual soil layers was an important factor in the statistical comparisons.Because of the soil acidity in the beech plot,the stocks of exchangeable base cations were significantly higher in the oak plot,whereas the other nutrient stocks did not differ.

基于Meta-分析的间伐强度对栎类天然林生长与更新的影响——对我国栎类天然林经营的启示

【目的】基于文献综述,研究间伐强度对栎类天然林生长与更新的影响,促进其科学经营和林分质量改善。【方法】检索已发表的相关文献数据,获得有效文献37篇和数据149条,采用Meta-分析方法探究间伐强度对栎类林分胸径年均生长量(mm·a^(−1))、林分蓄积年均生长量(m^(3)·hm^(−2)·a^(−1))和幼苗密度(株·100 m^(−2))的影响。【结果】中度(20%~39%)和强度间伐(≥40%)均能显著提高林分胸径生长量和蓄积生长量,特别是对幼龄林(≤20 a)和中龄林(21~40 a)效果显著,但对近熟林(41~60 a)和成熟林(>60 a)效果不显著;中度和强度间伐均能显著提高林分的幼苗密度,尤其对成熟林的效果最大;同时,在阳坡和下坡位或中坡位林分的间伐正效应值高于其它坡向和坡位。间伐激发幼龄林与中龄林生长和成熟林更新的效应持续时间约为10 a。【结论】中度以上间伐(≥20%)显著提高了栎类中幼龄林分的胸径和蓄积生长量以及成熟林幼苗密度,为持续促进上述林分生长与更新,其间伐间隔期应为10 a左右。研究结果可为我国栎类森林的可持续经营提供参考。

栎类次生林自稀疏条件下的林分空间结构单元划分方法

【目的】划分栎类次生林自稀疏结构单元,是应用林分自稀疏发生规律开展栎类次生林经营的基础性工作。【方法】以湖南省2009年和2014年两期森林资源连续清查数据中6块栎类次生林样地为数据源,使用3种林分空间结构单元划分方法,分别得到若干个结构单元,计算各结构单元内林木的株数密度和平均胸径,建立Reineke密度指数模型,比较模型的拟合效果和检验效果。【结果】方法1、方法2和方法3所得样本拟合的自稀疏边界线R^(2)分别为0.882、0.780、0.893;RMSE分别为0.180、0.229、0.169;方法3的拟合效果最好。3种方法的检验结果中,方法3对自稀疏判断的正确率为72%,检验效果较好;其余2种方法均低于50%。【结论】3种结构单元划分方法中,方法1忽略了距离死亡木较远的样木;方法2没有考虑位置不同的样木对死亡木影响的差异;方法3(Voronoi图+样圆权重法)更为完整地统计了对自稀疏有影响的样木,并区分为Ⅰ类样木和Ⅱ类样木,分别计算权重,分析其对死亡木影响的差异。方法3是一种考虑了林木空间分布差异,同时还依据对死亡木影响大小区分样木类别的林分空间结构单元划分方法。

径级差异驱动辽东栎根系菌根真菌群落嵌套分布格局

嵌套理论反映局域集合群落物种的扩散迁移特征,菌根真菌作为维管束植物重要的共生对象,明晰其迁移扩散特征有助于提升生境破碎背景下微生物资源的保护和利用,为生物多样性保护政策的制定提供依据。本文选取东灵山辽东栎林10个海拔高度不同的山体半阳坡组成研究系统,测定坡面辽东栎根系外生菌根真菌群落并调查坡面植物属性,使用坡面植物属性表征树岛特征,使用真菌菌门属性特征表征菌根真菌扩散能力,使用重叠嵌套指数(NODF)和零模型检验确定菌根真菌群落嵌套水平及嵌套显著性,探究了基于辽东栎树岛的菌根真菌群落是否呈嵌套分布及驱动因素。结果表明:①辽东栎树岛的菌根真菌群落呈显著嵌套分布格局(P<0.05),重叠嵌套指数(57.35)高于完全随机零模型和列限定零模型(物种多度限定)。②锤舌菌纲、伞菌纲和座囊菌纲等真菌菌纲分别占群落相对多度的41.46%、29.31%和16.37%,多度较高的锤舌菌纲的生态位宽度显著高于其他菌纲(P<0.05),即其树岛分布范围最广。③调整树岛属性顺序后,基于土壤温度、生境异质性集合群落的NODF值显著高于完全随机零模型(P<0.05),表明土壤温度、生境异质性主要通过驱动种群多度方式来影响菌根真菌群落分布;基于胸径集群群落的NODF值显著高于列限定零模型(P<0.05),表明植株径级差异可显著影响菌根真菌的迁移扩散路径。研究发现,菌根真菌迁移扩散过程受辽东栎径级的影响,粗径级植株可通过能源供给招募更多菌根真菌成为菌根真菌群落中的迁移扩散源,驱动形成较高的嵌套性水平和群落稳定性,因此森林经营中应适当加强对粗径级林木的保护利用。

湖南栎类天然林自稀疏边界线及影响因素研究

为确定湖南栎类天然林自稀疏边界线的最优统计方法以及影响栎类自稀疏的主要因素,以湖南省225块栎类天然林长期监测样地为研究对象,运用最小二乘法、分位数回归法和随机前沿方法拟合栎类天然林自稀疏边界线,采用现实林分死亡率对3种统计方法进行比较与验证,依据自稀疏边界线对现实林分的自稀疏状态进行判别,并对未稀疏和已稀疏样地的立地因素和森林结构因素进行方差分析。结果表明,基于分位数回归方法(分位数值等于0.95)拟合的自稀疏边界线更加接近于栎类天然林的最大密度临界值,其拟合效果优于最小二乘法和随机前沿方法;栎类自稀疏边界线的斜率为-1.063,截距为10.232;海拔、坡度、Pielous指数和高径比是影响栎类天然林自稀疏速率和起始时间的显著因素。构建的自稀疏边界线可以准确反映栎类天然林最大密度与林分平均直径的异速生长关系,可以为湖南栎类天然林生长演替和森林抚育研究提供参考。

栗山天牛在我国东北林区灾害成因分析

栗山天牛是栎树林的毁灭性蛀干害虫,近年来,由于栎树林具有的脆弱性、易感性,栎树林林分抗虫能力低下,栗山天牛灾害呈现加重趋势,其引发的栎树林生物灾害在我国东北地区已上升为重要灾害,给森林生态效益的发挥造成严重影响。因此,栗山天牛的防治是当前林业资源保护的重要任务之一。分析结果表明,栗山天牛灾害形成的内在原因是栗山天牛的K-生态对策。灾害形成的外在原因是承灾体天然次生栎林的脆弱性。同时由于防灾控灾措施不到位致使灾害持续加重。基于此,本文从灾害学的理论出发,对栗山天牛致灾因子的危害性、承灾体的脆弱性、孕灾环境的稳定性进行分析,指出了灾害的成因路径,从而为栗山天牛的灾害防控提供科学依据。

次生栎林与火炬松人工林土壤呼吸的季节变异及其主要影响因子

土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分。随着全球气候变暖趋势逐渐明显,土壤呼吸的时空变异及其对温度变化的响应已成为生态学研究的重要内容之一。利用LI-6400-09土壤碳通量观测仪,在江苏省南京林业大学下蜀实验基地,采用随机区组实验设计方法,连续两年测定了北亚热带次生栎林和火炬松人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态变化,结果表明:(1)两种林分内土壤呼吸速率均具有明显的季节波动,表现为:在最冷的1月份,土壤呼吸速率最低,随着土壤温度的升高,土壤呼吸速率也逐渐上升,在7、8月份达到最大值,随后又逐渐下降;(2)次生栎林月平均土壤呼吸速率在0.271～3.22μmolCO.2m-.2s-1之间,年变异幅度为11.88;火炬松人工林月平均土壤呼吸速率在0.336～3.06μmolCO2.m-.2s-1,年变异幅度为9.11;(3)次生栎林土壤呼吸的Q10值在2.19至2.27之间,火炬松人工林土壤呼吸的Q10值在2.02至2.15之间,次生栎林土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性大于火炬松人工林;(4)土壤呼吸速率与不同深度层次土壤温度之间均呈显著性正相关,与土壤微生物生物量之间呈显著性负相关,而与土壤含水率、凋落物输入量之间相关不显著。研究结果初步阐明了江淮流域北亚热带典型森林植被土壤呼吸的季节动态特征及主要影响因子,为进一步揭示该区域森林土壤碳循环特点提供了理论基础。

北亚热带次生栎林与火炬松人工林土壤微生物生物量碳的季节动态

在南京林业大学下蜀森林生态定位研究站次生栎林和火炬松人工林内,采用随机区组设计,连续两年测定了林下土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤温度、土壤湿度和林地凋落物输入量.结果表明:两种林分的土壤微生物生物量碳呈明显的季节性波动,均在植物生长旺季维持在较低水平,而在植物休眠季节维持在较高水平;在0～10cm土层内,火炬松林和次生栎林土壤微生物生物量碳变幅分别在267.8～459.8mg.kg-1和278.6～467.8mg.kg-1;土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤温度之间具有显著的负相关关系,而与森林地上凋落物输入量、土壤湿度无显著相关关系.说明该区域土壤微生物生物量碳的季节波动可能与土壤中有效碳及其它土壤养分的可利用状况、植物根系对营养的竞争以及林木的生长节律有关.