Agro-biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge on Tunisian Coastal Oases

The Tunisian coastal oases constitute a model of very rich plant biodiversity, organized in different floors of cultivation. The date palm is the highest, the second is the diversified fruit trees and the smallest is composed by various other productions. The present paper is the results of a RAA diagnosis and bibliographic analysis of nearly thirty years of work on oases. The aim of this study is to focus on the plant diversity and the traditions in using different products. The survey revealed the existence of nearly 45 local date palm varieties, about 26 fruit trees, 65 vegetables and divers other species. It also raises nearly 30 uses of dates and date palm by-products. This survey shows also that oases inhabitants keep in possessing, for a long time, a knowledge to make ingenious concerning use and conservation of the products and by products of the date palm. This survey has all as much demonstrated the risks from weakening this balance which has long been maintained. Some recommendations to maintain and conserve this system are also presented in this paper.

Managing Salinity in Tunisian Oases

The Tunisian oases face serious problems of waterlogging and salinization caused by mismanagement of water and soil resources and the reduced discharge of drainage water. The oases space is based on a fragile balance between water, soil and man, which is now changed by modem irrigation and drainage systems. The oases pump most of their water from deep aquifers and only to a small degree from shallow aquifers. The quality of the irrigation water and the presence of a shallow saline water table are the main causes of salinization of the oases. Concerning the salt-affected landscapes and hydro-saline dynamic, the authors distinguish an equilibrium dynamic of salts to the parcel which depends on water management, and an equilibrium dynamic at the level of the basin watershed which is powered by drilling and ending in hypersaline depressions. For the management of salinization and waterlogging, a combination of agricultural management techniques are used, the first being modem methods of irrigation and drainage. Other, less used methods are sandy amendment, the reuse of drainage waters, geothermal waters and of treated wastewater.

Food Value of Soft Dates Cultivated in Tunisian Coastal Oases

Coastal date palm cultivars are interesting through their soft dates, their abundant and earliest production than continental cultivars. Maintaining bio-diversity in Tunisian oases has become a subject of first interest in date palm cultivation in Tunisia. Coastal oases still retain a very rich and varied plant biodiversity in comparison with the continental oases, weakened by the mono cultivation of ＂Deglet Nour＂ cultivar. Study of soft date＇s composition can make there well known to date consumers, help to valorize there and to help of sustainability of coastal oases ecosystem. Fresh dates from 15 cultivars was collected, dried by 80 ~C in 20-24 h. Acidity was determinate by pH meter. Sugars were appreciated by enzymatic method. Ash and minerals was calculated by photometer and spectrometer. Chemical date composition study showed that coastal date palm cultivars are predominantly rich of carbohydrates, have a low quantity of sucrose which gives them an important dietary value. Their pH varies from 5 to 6, classifies them as the best date quality for fresh consumption. Their richness in Total Nitrogen Matters and total minerals makes them at almost the same level as the other date palm eultivars analyzed by different authors in different areas of date palm production. Mineral composition showed that these dates are K and P-rich and relatively poor in Na and Ca.

The spatiotemporal responses of Populus euphratica to global warming in Chinese oases between 1960 and 2015

Daily average temperature data from 48 meteorological stations in Chinese oases that are within the distribution area of Populus euphratica were analyzed to determine the spatiotemporal responses of this tree to climate change. Specifically, the start and end date as well as the number of days that comprised the growing season were analyzed with a multi-year trend line and using the Mann-Kendall mutation test, inverse distance weighted interpolation(IDW) in the software Arc GIS, a Morlet wavelet power spectrum, and correlation analysis. The results of this study show that, over the last 56 years, the start date of the P. euphratica growing season has advanced, while the end date has been postponed, and the number of days that comprise the growing season have gradually increased. The changing trend rates recovered in this analysis for these three time slices are –1.34 d/10 a, 1.33 d/10 a, and 2.66 d/10 a(α ≥ 0.001), respectively. Data show that while spatial disparity is extremely significant, it is nevertheless the case that along a southwest-to-northeast transect of Chinese oases, the later the start date of the P. euphratica season, the sooner the end data and the shorter the growing season. Mutations points in start and end date, as well as for the growing season overall were observed in 2001, 1989, and 1996, respectively, and the data presented in this paper show that, in particular, the date of this end of this period is most sensitive to climate warming. Growing season cycles for P. euphratica are between 3.56 years and 7.14 years, consistent with the periodicity of El Ni?o events, while a start date cycle between 3.56 years and 4.28 years is consistent with atmospheric circulation cyclicity. The causal analysis presented in this paper shows that the Asian polar vortex area index(APVAI), the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau index(TPI), the westerly circulation index(WCI), and carbon dioxide emissions(CDE) are the main factors influencing spatiotemporal changes in the growth of P. euphratica, the effect of latitude during the growing season is more significant than altitude, and the start date of the growing season is more significantly influenced by these factors than end date. In addition, data show that the start date, end date, and length of the growing season are all significantly correlated with their average corresponding monthly temperature(corre-lation coefficients are –0.875, 0.770, and 0.897; α≥0.001). Thus, if the average temperature in March increases by 1℃, the start date of the growing season will advance by 2.21 days, while if the average temperature in October increases by the same margin then the seasonal end date will be delayed by 2.76 days. Similarly, if the average temperature between March and October increases by 1℃, the growing season will be extended by 7.78 days. The results of this study corroborate the fact that changes in the P. euphratica growing are sensitive to regional warming and are thus of considerable theoretical significance to our understanding of the responses of Chinese vegetation to climate change as well as to ecological restoration.

Causes and effects of spatial and temporal variations of cold period in Chinese oases between 1960 and 2014

Based on daily average temperatures and observation data from 74 meteorological stations in Chinese oases, we calculate five-day（pentad） average temperature ≤0℃ for the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period using linear regression analysis, nonparametric Mann-Kendall tests, the Morlet wavelet power spectrum, and correlation analysis. We also analyze spatial and temporal variations and their effects on the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period in Chinese oases. Results show that over the last 55 years, the start pentad of cold period has been postponed while the end pentad has been advanced. Overall, the pentads have gradually shortened over time at trend rates that are 0.3 p/10 a, –0.27 p/10 a, and –0.58 p/10 a, respectively. Spatial differences are significant, especially for the Qaidam Basin oasis where the start pentad is the earliest, the end pentad is the latest, and the trend of change is most obvious. Mutation points for the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period were observed in 1990, 1998, and 1994, respectively. Of these, the start pentad and pentads of cold period show a periodic cycle, related to atmospheric circulation and El Nino events, while the end pentad exhibits a periodic cycle, related to solar activity. The Tibetan Plateau index（TPI）, the Asian polar vortex area index（APVAI）, and carbon dioxide emissions（CDE） are the main factors affecting cold period in the study area, whereas the South Asian summer monsoon（SASM） index exerts the greatest effect on the Qaidam Basin oasis. The start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period increase in concert with latitude, longitude, and altitude; in response to these changes, the start pentad is advanced, the end pentad is postponed, and pentads of cold period are gradually extended. Results show that change in latitude is most significant. Overall, the start and end pentad as well as pentads of cold period show clear responses to regional warming, but there are different effects on each.

An epidemiological study on scorpion envenomation in the Zagora oases(Morocco)

Objective:To determine epidemiological features of scorpion stings in the oases of Southern Morocco:Zagora Province.Methods:A three-year prospective descriptive survey was performed to obtain epidemiological data on scorpion stings,including information on epidemiological characteristics of patients stung,and gathered information on scorpion species distribution.The following information was recorded for each scorpion sting:demographics of stung patients(age,gender,geographical location),circumstances of the sting(location,time,date,activity at the time),and many traditional medical attention.A questionnaire was completed for every stung patient.Concomitantly with the epidemiological survey,a systematic sampling of scorpions based on observations and direct captures in situ was applied.Results:There were 50 cases of death among 1053 cases studied.Most cases of death were recorded among children(under 15 years)(64%).The average age of victims was(23.00±15.36)years.The scorpion sting occurred in 34.37%of cases between 18:00 and 24:00,and it coincided with the warm period and particularly between June and September(70%).The stings were principally in hands and feet(897 cases,85.71%).The majority of victims had chosen traditional remedies(69.61%),and only 22.79%had received modern treatment while 1.33%of cases did not receive any treatment.The scorpion species involved were yellow in 179 cases and black in 815 cases.In 59 cases the scorpion involved was not identified.Conclusions:Our data constitute a preliminary descriptive study and suggest that scorpion envenomation is an important problem in the studied area.

基于RESTful架构的气象数据检验接口设计与实现

气象数据质量评价是整个数据链条中的关键一环。为解决目前气象数据检验业务分散滞后、资源不集约及服务效率不高的问题,实现统一服务,基于现代Web应用流行框架RESTful,首次将检验作为Web服务,基于共性检验需求设计并实现RESTful架构风格的气象数据检验接口。统一接口服务将业务资源进行集中,提高物理资源利用率的同时释放人力资源。接口服务以及基于接口开发的检验系统,可实现检验结果秒级在线查询,大大提高检验效率,丰富的接口和可视化系统给用户带来良好体验。

浅海环境水声传播数据实测与仿真分析

搭建了一套水下录音记录系统,在复杂浅海环境进行了水声数据采集实验;对于水声采集数据进行了距离、频率谱分析,利用MIT开发的声学计算程序OASES针对声场进行了仿真分析。通过模拟结果和实测结果的比较,优化调整仿真程序的环境参数,分析发现影响声场分布的主要因素为沉积层压缩波声速与声源深度。通过这种方式,优化了仿真软件的环境参数,初步建立了比较准确的浅海水声环境仿真模型,取得了预期实验效果。

OAS1基因多态性与儿童肠道病毒71型感染合并中枢神经系统受累相关（英文）

目的探讨OSA1基因多态性与肠道病毒71型(EV71)所致中枢神经系统感染的关联性。方法选取180例EV71感染患儿进行病例对照研究,其中72例为无任何并发症的轻症,108例合并中枢神经系统受累,201例常规体检的儿童作为健康对照。应用SNPscan分型技术分析OAS1基因rs2660和rs1131454的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。结果病例组和对照组在rs2660和rs1131454基因型和等位基因的分布上无显著差异。OAS1基因rs2660多态性在中枢神经系统受累儿童和轻度EV71感染者之间有显著差异,中枢神经系统受累患儿AG基因型频率较高(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.07-4.85),GG基因型频率较低(OR=0.27,95%CI:0.08-0.97)。rs1131454基因型和等位基因的分布在中枢神经系统受累患儿和轻症EV71感染儿童之间无显著差异。结论OAS1基因rs2660和rs1131454多态性和EV71感染易感性之间无显著相关。OAS1基因rs2660多态性与EV71感染合并中枢神经系统受累易感性相关,携带OAS1 rs2660 AG基因型的患儿感染后合并中枢神经系统受累的概率更高。

述情障碍观察量表中文版信度和效度研究

Objective:To develop a Chinese version of the Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS) and examine its reliability and validity. Methods: A sample of 468 under-graduate students was administered OAS.The internal reliability and test-retest reliability were examined, and using confirmatory factor analysis,a five-factor model was tested. Results: The Cronbach’s a coefficient of the OAS was 0.84; The range of mean interitem correlation coefficients was 0.20～0.45; The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.90; The correlation coefficients of the five factors with the total scale score were 0.52～0.75,and the correlation coefficients among the five factors were 0.01～0.55; The GFI(0.952)、CFI(0.943)、IFI(0.944)、REMEA(0.069)all met the criteria standards for adequacy of fit. Conclusion: the Chinese version of the OAS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing alexithymia in Chinese-speaking sample.

OAS蛋白结构与抗病毒机制关系的研究进展

2＇-5＇寡聚腺苷酸合成酶（2＇-5＇oligoadenylate synthetase,OAS）是由Ian Kerr等最先在人体细胞中发现的,之后在小鼠、猪、牛、犬和低等生物如海绵动物体内也陆续发现了OAS[1-2]。

商业银行利率风险管理方法的比较研究

本文分析了三种主要的利率风险管理方法,说明了它们各自的适用范围和应用上的难点,其中重点分析衡量隐含期权风险的有效久期-凸度方法及其计算基础OAS模型,以此为我国商业银行选择适合的风险管理方法提供依据。

PBN飞行程序设计中障碍物评价辅助软件的开发研究

为了提高基于性能的导航(PBN)飞行程序设计的工作效率,考虑到PBN飞行程序设计的主要工作是用有垂直引导的进近程序障碍物评价面(APV-OAS)来评价障碍物,因此开发的障碍物评价软件具有自动进行障碍物评价工作的功能。经过测试和使用验证,此软件的计算结果正确、精度符合飞行程序设计的要求。此软件,在一定程度上,降低了PBN飞行程序设计的计算复杂度,提高了飞行程序设计的效率。

利率市场化下的商业银行风险管理

中国的利率市场化给商业银行带来了机遇和挑战。本文通过阐述现有的利率风险管理技术 ,指出利用隐含期权、久期等来管理商业银行所面临的利率风险 ,对提高商业银行的管理水平 ,具有重大意义。

PPP模式资产证券化定价研究——基于期权调整利差模型的分析

PPP(政府和社会资本合作)模式越来越多地应用于基础设施建设领域,并逐渐成为解决融资难的有效方式。资产证券化作为一项重要的融资工具,能够为解决基础设施融资难题提供有益帮助。文章基于资产证券化理论和资产证券化的定价原理,分析了我国PPP模式进行资产证券化的可行性,对比资产证券化定价的三种方法,认为期权调整利差法(OAS)更适合PPP模式资产证券化定价,在此基础上提出模型构建思路。结合PPP项目实际情况设计资产证券化流程,并对其定价进行实证分析,确定客观合理的价格。文章寻求适合国内实际的PPP模式资产证券化定价方法,为我国PPP模式的快速发展提供了理论参考。

OAS开发和实施中几个问题的解决方案

论文介绍了办公自动化系统的开发和实施中关于Notes应用与外部数据库之间的数据交换问题、工作流的自动化和灵活化问题以及网络瓶颈问题的解决方案。

商业银行利率风险度量方法的比较研究

总结了现阶段主要的几种利率风险度量方法,分析比较了各自的优缺点,并说明它们各自的适用范围和应用上的难点。以此为我国商业银行选择适合的利率风险度量方法提供依据。

Influence of groundwater depth on species composition and community structure in the transition zone of Cele oasis

The paper analyzes the hypothesis that the distribution of dominant plant species and characteristics of plant communities are related to groundwater depth. The results showed that variations of groundwater depth impacted distributions and characteristics of dominant plant communities. However, besides groundwater depth, the community composition and species diversity were also influenced by physiognomy of the habitat. Based on the similarity coefficient, the differences between dominant plant communities were significant at different groundwater depths. Compared with other results relating to desert vegetation and groundwater depth, variations of community distribution were similar at the large spatial scale. However, in this extremely arid region, there were significant differences in community type and community succession when compared with other arid regions, especially in relationship to deep groundwater depth. With groundwater depth from deep to shallow, communities transformed with the sequence of Alhagi communities, Tamarix spp. communities, Populus communities, Phragmites communities, and Sophora communities. At groundwater depth of less than 6.0 m, the community type and composition changed, and the species diversity increased. Among these dominant species, Tamarix exhibited the biggest efficiency in resource utilization according to niche breadth, which means it possessed the best adaptability to environmental conditions at the oasis margins.

OAS中的工作流设计方法

文章在剖析Ｄｏｍｉｎｏ／Ｎｏｔｅｓ工作流机制的基础上，通过办公自动化系统中典型流转型事务具体实例的实现，给出了工作流的分类和设计方法。

Sustainable land-use patterns for arid lands: A case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains （NSTM） as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oa- sis-and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.