Impact of Action Observation Therapy along with Usual Physiotherapy Intervention of Individual with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairments in the initial stage, which lead to severe cognitive dysfunction in the later stage. Action observation therapy (AOT) is a multisensory cognitive rehabilitation technique where the patient initially observes the actions and then tries to perform. The study aimed to examine the impact of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of a patient with AD. A 67 years old patient with AD was selected for this study because the patient has been suffering from depression, dementia, and physical dysfunction along with some other health conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Before starting intervention, a baseline assessment was done through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tool, the Mini-Cog Scale, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The patient received 12 sessions of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions thrice a week for four weeks, which included 45 minutes of each session. After four weeks of intervention, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in depression, cognition, and balance, whereas the BDI score declined from moderate 21/63 to mild 15/63 level of depression. The Mini-Cog score improved from 2/5 to 4/5, and the BBS score increased from 18/56 to 37/56. It is concluded that AOT along with usual physiotherapy intervention helps to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of people with AD.

Patients with disturbances in consciousness as observed by clinical nurses: Analysis of nursing records

The objective of the present study was to discuss patients with disturbances in consciousness by analyzing nursing records. Observations from clinical nurses as well as patients’ responses about their care were selected from nursing records. Nursing records from one week of patient care were examined for patients who were unable to speak during hospitalization within a neuro-surgery ward of the hospital. Selected records were classified into the following eight categories: results from monitoring;results from observation;opening and moving the eyes to stimulus;movement of the limbs to stimulus;vocalization to stimulus;facial expression to stimulus;patient’s response to care;and miscellaneous. Patients comprised two groups. One group encompassed eight patients with Japan Coma Scale (JCS) II and the other was a group of eight patients with JCS III. When nurses use the JCS to assess patients with disturbances in consciousness, patients who awaken to stimulus are classified as JCS II, while those who do not are JCS III. The total nursing records selected for JCS II were 1551 and 1160 for JCS III. The category of “results from monitoring” was the most selected category within nursing records and accounted for 42.8% of the JCS III group, while “results from observation” accounted for 38.4% of the JCS II group. Furthermore, results indicated that the categories of “results from monitoring”, “results from observation”, and “movement of the limbs for stimulus” had peaked after two to three days, and then abruptly decreased. There were only a few records for the categories of “vocalization to stimulus” and “facial expression to stimulus”, both for the JCS II and the JCS III groups. Even though patients could not verbally indicate their intentions due to problems with consciousness, it is essential for nurses to pay careful attention to the details of patients’ reactions.

The Characteristic of Nurses’ Eye Movements during Observation of Patients with Disturbed Consciousness

Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify the characteristics of nurses’ eye movements during observation of patients with disturbed consciousness by comparing intuition ability, critical thinking, and clinical experience years. Methods: Participants were 19 nurses working on a neurosurgery ward in Japan and caring for patients with consciousness disturbance who were unable to speak. Ten novice nurses (24.8 ± 3.36 years old) and nine expert nurses (38.3 ± 5.77 years old) were compared. The observation scene, displayed on a computer screen, was a static image of a simulated patient in a resting state who had developed right putaminal hemorrhage. We showed the participants an information sheet about the simulated patient then used an eye tracking camera to analyze gaze points, gaze time, and gaze count during observation. The Kuroda Intrinsic Intuitive Ability Scale (KIIS) created by Kawahara and the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale created by Hirayama were used for measuring intrinsic intuition ability and critical thinking disposition. Results: There were no significant differences between observation time of novices (5.0 ± 2.01 minutes) and experts (5.4 ± 1.78 minutes), nor between their total gaze time and total count. The proportion of gazing at the monitor by novice nurses and gazing at the face and bed fences by expert nurses tended to be high. The KIIS general education score influenced the gaze time and gaze count during simulated patient observation. The KIIS logical thinking score affected the gaze count to the simulated patient’s face. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the total gaze time and the total count of novices and experts. The KIIS score affected the gaze during observation of the simulated patient.

Do Observations during Patrolling Trips Detect Changes in Wildlife Presence & Diversity in National Parks?

Globally, mountains encompass spectacular landscapes and a great diversity of species. However, Savannah’s mountains in Sudan have been affected by the loss of diversity due to human activities and climate changes. Therefore, this study aims to assess changes in wildlife diversity in Jebel-Eldair Nation Park (JENP) based on only reports from patrolling activities, especially in the absence of regular wildlife monitoring programs. Reports of monthly wildlife observations during patrolling trips were used for the summer season in 2010 and 2018. Findings showed a moderate to high decline in the most important wildlife species (i.e. lion, wild dog, and crest porcupine). Six others are documented as rare species in reserve, including the civet, spotted hyena, striped hyena, jackal, seraval, and Siberian bird. Contrary and despite the diversity reduction, some species witnessed increases in their observation frequency, such as lesser kudu, caracal, monitor, and lunar bird. Moreover, human settlements, agricultural activities, and other anthropogenic factors were found to be the main drivers of biodiversity reduction in JENP. The study recommends adopting this method to detect changes in wildlife communities, especially in a situation of deficiency and lack of funding to conduct regular monitoring programs.

Fault detection for nonlinear networked control systems based on fuzzy observer

Security and reliability must be focused on control sys- tems firstly, and fault detection and diagnosis （FDD） is the main theory and technology. Now, there are many positive results in FDD for linear networked control systems （LNCSs）, but nonlinear networked control systems （NNCSs） are less involved. Based on the T-S fuzzy-modeling theory, NNCSs are modeled and network random time-delays are changed into the unknown bounded uncertain part without changing its structure. Then a fuzzy state observer is designed and an observer-based fault detection approach for an NNCS is presented. The main results are given and the relative theories are proved in detail. Finally, some simulation results are given and demonstrate the proposed method is effective.

CHINA'S RISE IN THE EYES OF WESTERN OBSERVERS

An innate sensitivity to and phobia of China’s rise seem to have gripped someWestern observers for years.Early back in the 19th century,Napoleon warned the West to“let Chinasleep”.“There lies a sleeping giant,”begins his well-known remark.“Let hersleep.For when she wakes,she will shake the world.”In the 1990s,these

Research of Social Problems under Global Vision, Local Consciousness and People＇s Standard --Take analysis of the design intention of individual account as example

In the study of social problems, it is important to realize the organic combination of global view, local people standard,, which plays an important role in handing and understanding specific social problems undoubtedly. This article takes our country＇s public pension personal account as example ,analyzing how to realize the combination of all three in the whole research process of the individual account.

CHINA'S SELF-CONFIDENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

'China should make greater contributions to mankind.'Such contributions are now to be found more and more on the level of global governance.As General Secretary Xi Jinping observed in his New Year Address of 2016,'the world is too big,and challenges are too many,to go without the voice from China being heard,without solution ideas from China being shared,without the involvement of China being needed'.

Kezia's Consciousness and Unconsciousness in The Doll's House

The Doll's House is one of the most famous representatives of Katherine Mansfield. She makes use of simple words to tell the story, but she vividly depicts the reality that the discrimination to the poor still exists. This phenomenon influences not only the world of adult but also the world of children. Kezia is the protagonist in The Doll's House. She is different from other members in her family. Although she is influenced by the canons in the adult world, she is not totally assimilated by these invisible principles. Kezia's consciousness and unconsciousness play important roles in indicating Katherine Mansfield's attitude towards the discrimination which she doesn't express directly. By analyzing Kezia's these two aspects in her mind, people's attention to the poor can be called and people's kindness and sympathy to them can be aroused.

2011年腾冲M_(S)5.2地震前近场地球物理异常分析

2011年6月20日和8月9日,云南腾冲地区先后发生M_(S)5.2地震,构成腾冲M_(S)5.2双震。2次腾冲M_(S)5.2地震前,地震地球物理异常集中分布在震中100 km范围的近场区,对2次地震近场区内水位、形变(水平摆观测)、水氡、水温、流量等地球物理观测资料进行综合分析,分析发现:①大部分异常持续时间在3个月以上,部分异常始于2010年初,显著中期异常测项为腾冲滇19井水位和腾冲水平摆倾斜观测;②2次地震发震前2个月,龙陵邦腊掌水氡测项出现高值异常;③临震阶段,6月20日腾冲M_(S)5.2地震前,腾冲荷花塘、热海大滚锅出现明显宏观异常,震后异常强度和频率明显增强,对8月9日腾冲M_(S)5.2地震有明显指示意义。值得注意的是,在震中85 km范围内,2011年3月10日发生盈江M_(S)5.8地震,2次腾冲地震的中期异常成为此次盈江地震“共同的地震地球物理异常”,且震后部分异常持续,并出现新的异常,表现出异常时空演化过程与地震活动迁移相匹配的特征。

Space and Human Consciousness: The Great Whisper

Human Consciousness is one of most elusive issues in the scientific history. Its nature created major historical debate started thousands of years ago and still ongoing. Despite the explosive developments in the last century to explore its nature, the knowledge about it is still deficient. The important advances in the twentieth and 21st centuries in understanding cerebral cortex dynamics fortified by the dominant materialistic approach of the era dictated its impact on consciousness science, which is perceived as sole human brain function. This original review is a call for holistic perception of human consciousness incorporating the ancient wisdom of the human civilizations with the massive current era advances in different disciplines of applied sciences. The description of René Descartes in the 17th century of the Cartesian dualism is timely to revisit with new holistic perspective, in view of the major advances of our understanding of heart brain communications, astrophysical resonances with human heart ascending afferents to central nervous system, and signaling between humans and the space. Universal vibrations, frequencies and resonances as perceived by Nikola Tesla constitute the core of our new conceptual and experimental perspective on human consciousness. Neural and psychological correlates of human consciousness which dominate the consciousness research nowadays should undergo revolutionary conceptual understanding to perceive consciousness as a massive universal event expanding from human genes to galaxies. In the next discussion, we are going to navigate in the nature and fate of human consciousness with new innovative universal perspective based on heart rate variability of human heart and its cosmic resonances as represented by Schumann Resonances, Solar Wind Indices and Galactic Cosmic Rays. The interpretation of our existential secrets and biology without the space around us is a major gap in our scientific perception of life. The delicate orchestration between human heart and the space frequencies create the great whisper which in our perspective, encodes the secrets of human consciousness.

丽江与芦山两次M_(S)7.0地震震例回溯研究及亚失稳特征探讨

基于川滇地区的跨断层观测资料,采用多种形变分析方法,针对川滇地区监测状况较好的1996年丽江、2013年芦山两次M_(S)7.0地震开展震例回溯研究,并以亚失稳理论及实验室结果为指导,归纳总结跨断层观测获得的断层运动在亚失稳阶段的时空变化特征及可能的表现形式,寻找区域范围内断层运动协同化现象,探索地震进入亚失稳状态的跨断层识别标志。结果表明:两次地震前,震源区在震前数年主要表现为弱变形的状态,可能是孕震晚期发震断层闭锁、断层近场应力应变积累趋于极限的表现。震源区边缘附近300 km范围内在震前数月至3年出现显著的断层形变异常,断层活动具有协同化现象,但仅个别跨断层场地观测到了与实验室岩石破裂失稳过程类似的图像,大多数场地仅仅观测到了稳态(线性阶段)、亚稳态(偏离线性阶段)特征,亚失稳态特征并不清晰,分析可能与跨断层场地所处的构造位置及观测周期有一定关系。

新疆新25号泉H_(2)S自动观测技术方案及试验应用

为探索H_(2)S自动化观测的实现途径,制定了H_(2)S自动观测技术方案,对漂浮式脱气-集气装置及试验设备进行了改进,将该方案应用于新疆新25号泉进行试验。结果表明:使用这种报警检测设备代替人工H_(2)S测试是可行的,设置脱气-集气装置、采取适当技术措施避免气路堵塞是获取连续稳定观测数据的关键。

HQEFT框架内半轻衰变B_(s)→K_(2)(1820)lν-_(l)的相关研究

在重夸克有效场论(HQEFT)框架内,利用光锥求和规则(LCSR)对Bs到J^(PC)=2^(--)张量介子K_(2)(1820)半轻衰变进行了研究.首先,基于K_(2)(1820)光锥分布振幅,重夸克展开至领头阶,利用LCSR计算了Bs→K_(2)(1820)的跃迁形状因子.计算表明,与相应2++张量介子情形不同,在所取自由参数范围内,形状因子V_(2)<0.在此基础上,预言了半轻衰变B_(s)→K_(2)(1820)lν-_(l)的可观测量,包括分支比、纵向极化分数、前后不对称和微分前后不对称过零点.研究显示,电子和μ轻子末态分支比几乎相等,在10^(-5)量级,相应τ轻子末态分支比约为前者的1/5.纵向极化分数均>0.8,大于相应2^(++)张量介子情形.前后不对称随着末态带电轻子质量的增大而增大.这些结果有可能在将来被LHCb、BelleⅡ等更为精确的实验所检验.

基于参数辨识的DTP-PMSM无传感器控制

针对双三相永磁同步电动机(DTP-PMSM)在受到外界和电机内部影响时,会出现电气参数变化和传感器精度下降的问题,提出一种带参数辨识的无传感器控制方案。该方案通过MRAS来实现电阻和电感的在线辨识,为了减小谐波的影响,将其推广到静止坐标系中,采用Popov超稳定性理论设计出新的自适应律,并使用BP神经网络来优化自适应律的增益,实现增益的在线调节,提高系统的辨识精度。此外,为进一步提高系统的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于线性扩张状态观测器和滑模控制相结合的改进锁相环,通过Lyapunove函数证明其稳定性。仿真结果表明,提出的方法能够实现对电气参数的准确辨识,提高系统控制性能。

Glycogen and amyloid-beta: key players in the shift from neuronal hyperactivity to hypoactivity observed in Alzheimer's disease?

Introduction：Alzheimer’s disease（AD）begins to develop decades prior to its clinical manifestation（Sperling et al.,2011）,and while it is the most common form of dementia,as of yet there is no cure.Two of the most researched pathological features contributing to disease development are the extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-beta proteins（Aβ）and neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins.Another feature of AD is the progression of early neuronal excitability/hyperactivity to silencing/hypoactivity（Palop and Mucke,2010）,

Long-Term Geophysical Observations and Analysis of the World's Deepest Borehole

Objective In order to reduce the interfering noise from the earth surface, scientists have carried out multi-geophysical borehole observations and the related study. This study aims at improving signal-to-noise ratio obtained from the observation data to obtain zero noise data, which will be of great help to improve geophysical studies. Insights from this study will be significant for the earthquake disaster reduction, resource exploration and environmental protection.

Assimilating temperature and salinity profiles using Ensemble Kalman Filter with an adaptive observation error and T-S constraint

Temperature （T） and salinity （S） profiles from conductivity-temperature-depth data collected during the Northern South China Sea Open Cruise from August 16 to September 13, 2008 are assimilated using Ensemble Kalman Filter （EnKF）. An adaptive observational error strategy is used to prevent filter from diverging. In the meantime, aiming at the limited improvement in some sites caused by the T and S biases in the model, a T-S constraint scheme is adopted to improve the assimilation performance, where T and S are separately updated at these locations. Validation is performed by comparing assimilated outputs with independent in situ data （satellite remote sensing sea level anomaly （SLA）, the OSCAR velocity product and shipboard ADCP）. The results show that the new EnKF assimilation scheme can significantly reduce the root mean square error （RMSE） of oceanic T and S compared with the control run and traditional EnKF. The system can also improve the simulation of circulations and SLA.

芦山M_(S)6.1级地震石棉县城谷坡动力响应特征

在揭示山体不同部位和不同场地条件对斜坡地震动响应程度的研究中,学者们多采用振动台和建模等方法,较少使用天然地震下记录到的地震波数据进行研究分析。本研究以2022年芦山M_(S) 6.1级地震为对象,分析了布置于石棉县的强震监测仪所记录到的主震数据,采用小波变换方法分析了山体部位、高程、场地条件等因素对斜坡地震动力响应峰值加速度和Arisa强度的影响,明确了地震时频演变规律。研究结果表明:(1)坡折处水平向放大效应更加明显;(2)南桠河左岸坡体卓越频率为6~10 Hz,右岸为5~12 Hz;(3)深厚风化层场地相较于基岩场地具有更显著的放大效应;(4)S波到达地面时会分异成不同频值,其主频值分别为8.50 Hz和4.20 Hz附近。研究结果可为地震区类似斜坡变形破坏模式和稳定性研究提供参考。