Effectiveness of colonoscopy,immune fecal occult blood testing,and risk-graded screening strategies in colorectal cancer screening

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors,and early screening is crucial to improving the survival rate of patients.The combination of colonoscopy and immune fecal occult blood detection has garnered significant attention as a novel method for CRC screening.Colonoscopy and fecal occult blood tests,when combined,can improve screening accuracy and early detection rates,thereby facilitating early intervention and treatment.However,certain risks and costs accompany it,making the establishment of a risk classification model crucial for accurate classification and management of screened subjects.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of colonoscopy,immune fecal occult blood test(FIT),and risk-graded screening strategies in CRC screening.METHODS Based on the randomized controlled trial of CRC screening in the population conducted by our hospital May 2020 to May 2023,participants who met the requirements were randomly assigned to a colonoscopy group,an FIT group,or a graded screening group at a ratio of 1:2:2(after risk assessment,the high-risk group received colonoscopy,the low-risk group received an FIT test,and the FITpositive group received colonoscopy).The three groups received CRC screening with different protocols,among which the colonoscopy group only received baseline screening,and the FIT group and the graded screening group received annual follow-up screening based on baseline screening.The primary outcome was the detection rate of advanced tumors,including CRC and advanced adenoma.The population participation rate,advanced tumor detection rate,and colonoscopy load of the three screening programs were compared.RESULTS A total of 19373 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled,including 8082 males(41.7%)and 11291 females(58.3%).The mean age was 60.05±6.5 years.Among them,3883 patients were enrolled in the colonoscopy group,7793 in the FIT group,and 7697 in the graded screening group.Two rounds of follow-up screening were completed in the FIT group and the graded screening group.The graded screening group(89.2%)and the colonoscopy group(42.3%)had the lowest overall screening participation rates,while the FIT group had the highest(99.3%).The results of the intentional analysis showed that the detection rate of advanced tumors in the colonoscopy group was greater than that of the FIT group[2.76%vs 2.17%,odds ratio(OR)=1.30,95%confidence interval(CI):1.01-1.65,P=0.037].There was no significant difference in the detection rate of advanced tumors between the colonoscopy group and the graded screening group(2.76%vs 2.35%,OR=1.9,95%CI:0.93-1.51,P=0.156),as well as between the graded screening group and the FIT group(2.35%vs 2.17%,OR=1.09%,95%CI:0.88-1.34,P=0.440).The number of colonoscopy examinations required for each patient with advanced tumors was used as an index to evaluate the colonoscopy load during population screening.The graded screening group had the highest colonoscopy load(15.4 times),followed by the colonoscopy group(10.2 times),and the FIT group had the lowest(7.8 times).CONCLUSION A hierarchical screening strategy based on CRC risk assessment is feasible for screening for CRC in the population.It can be used as an effective supplement to traditional colonoscopy and FIT screening programs.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Fecal Occult Blood Test and Tumor Marker Combined Screening for Colorectal Cancer

Objective:To analyze the screening effectiveness of combining the fecal occult blood test with tumor marker detection for colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of thirty patients with colorectal cancer and thirty patients with benign colon hyperplasia who received treatment from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected.These patients were assigned to the observation group and the control group,respectively.All patients in both groups underwent both fecal occult blood tests and tumor marker detection.The levels of tumor markers between the two groups were compared,the tumor marker levels in different stages were assessed within the observation group,and the positive detection rates for single detection and combined detection were compared.Results:The levels of various tumor markers in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,as the Duke stage increased within the observation group,the levels of various tumor markers also increased(P<0.05).The positive detection rate of the combined test was notably higher than that of single detection(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining the fecal occult blood test with tumor marker detection in colorectal cancer screening can significantly improve the overall detection rate.

CT colonography after incomplete colonoscopy in subjects with positive faecal occult blood test

AIM： To report our experience with computed tomography colonography （CTC） systematically performed in subjects with positive faecal occult blood test （FOBT） and an incomplete colonoscopy in the setting of a population-based screening for colorectal cancer （CRC）. METHODS： From April 2006 to April 2007, 43 290 individuals （age range 50-70） who adhered to the regional screening program for the prevention of CRC underwent immunochemical FOBT. FOBT was positive in 1882 subjects （4.3%）. 1463 （77.7%） of these subjects underwent colonoscopy, 903 performed in a single center. Of 903 colonoscopies 65 （7.2%） were incomplete. Forty-two of these subjects underwent CTC. CTC was performed with a 16-MDCT scanner after standard bowel prep （polyethyleneglycole） in both supine and prone position. Subjects whose CTC showed polyps or masses were referred to the endoscopist for repeat colonoscopy under sedation or underwent surgery. Perlesion and per-segment positive predictive values （PPV） were calculated. RESULTS： Twenty-one （50%） of 42 CTCs showed polyps or masses. Fifty-five of these subjects underwent a repeat colonoscopy, whereas 2 subjects underwent surgery for colonic masses of indeterminate nature. Four subjects refused further examinations. CTC correctly identified 2 colonic masses and 20 polyps. PPV for masses or polyps greater than 9 mm was of 87.5%. Per-lesion and per-segment PPV were, respectively, 83.3% and 83.3% for polyps greater or equal to 10 mm, and 77.8% and 85.7% for polyps of 6-9 mm. CONCLUSION： In the context of a screening program for CRC based on FOBT, CTC shows high per-segment and per-lesion PPV for colonic masses and polyps greater than 9 mm. Therefore, CTC has the potential to become a useful technique for evaluation of the non visualized part of the colon after incomplete colonoscopy.

Evaluation of fecal occult blood test with reverse passive hemagglutination for colorectal neoplasm screen *

AIM To evaluate the one sampling and three sampling reverse passive hemagglutination fecal occult blood test (RPHA FOBT) for colorectal neoplasm screening.

Colorectal cancer screening: Comparison of transferrin and immuno fecal occult blood test

AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transfesrrin dipstick test (Tf) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and precancerous lesions screening. METHODS: Eight hundreds and sixty-one individuals at high-risk for CRC were recruited. Six hundreds and eleven subsequently received the three fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopy with biopsy performed as needed. Fecal samples were obtained on the day before colonoscopy. Tf, immuno fecal occult blood test (IFOBT) and guaiac fecal occult blood test (g-FOBT) were performed simultaneously on the same stool. To minimize false-negative cases, all subjects with negative samples were asked to provide an additional stool specimen for a second test even a third test. If the results were all negative after testing three repeated samples, the subject was considered a true negative. The performance characteristics of Tf for detecting CRC and precancerous lesions were examined and compared to those of IFOBT and the combination of Tf, IFOBT and g-FOBT. RESULTS: A total of six hundreds and eleven subjects met the study criteria including 25 with CRC and 60 with precancerous lesions. Sensitivity for detecting CRC was 92% for Tf and 96% for IFOBT, specificities of Tf and IFOBT were both 72.0% (95% CI: 68.2%-75.5%; χ2 = 0.4, P > 0.05); positive likelihood ratios of those were 3.3 (95% CI: 2.8-3.9) and 3.4 (95% CI: 2.9-4.0), respectively. In precancerous lesions, sensitivities for Tf and IFOBT were 50% and 58%, respectively (χ 2 = 0.8, P > 0.05); specificities of Tf and IFOBT were 71.5% (95% CI: 67.6%-75.1%) and 72.2% (95% CI: 68.4%-75.8%); positive likelihood ratios of those were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3-2.3) and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6-2.7), respectively; compared to IFOBT, g-FOBT+ Tf+ IFOBT had a significantly higher positive rate for precancerous lesions (83% vs 58%, respectively; χ 2 = 9.1, P < 0.05). In patients with CRC and precancerous lesions, the sensitivities of Tf and IFOBT were 62% and 69% (χ 2 = 0.9, P > 0.05); specificities of those were 74.5% (95% CI: 70.6%-78.1%) and 75.5% (95% CI: 71.6%-79.0%); positive likelihood ratios of those were 2.5 (95% CI: 2.0-3.1) and 2.8 (95% CI: 2.3-3.5). Compared to IF-OBT alone, combining g-FOBT, IFOBT and Tf led to significantly increased sensitivity for detecting CRC and cancerous lesions (69% vs 88%, respectively; χ 2 = 9.0, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tf dipstick test might be used as an ad- ditional tool for CRC and precancerous lesions screening in a high-risk cohort.

To scope or not-the challenges of managing patients with positive fecal occult blood test after recent colonoscopy

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major health problem. There is minimal consensus of the appropriate approach to manage patients with positive immunochemical fecal occult blood test(iFOBT), following a recent colonoscopy.AIM To determine the prevalence of advanced neoplasia in patients with a positive iFOBT after a recent colonoscopy, and clinical and endoscopic predictors for advanced neoplasia.METHODS The study recruited i FOBT positive patients who underwent colonoscopy between July 2015 to March 2020. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, previous and current colonoscopy findings. Primary outcome was the prevalence of CRC and advanced neoplasia in a patient with positive iFOBT and previous colonoscopy. Secondary outcomes included identifying any clinical and endoscopic predictors for advanced neoplasia.RESULTS The study included 1051 patients(male 53.6%;median age 63). Forty-two(4.0%) patients were diagnosed with CRC, 513(48.8%) with adenoma/sessile serrated lesion(A-SSL) and 257(24.5%) with advanced A-SSL(AA-SSL). A previous colonoscopy had been performed in 319(30.3%). In this cohort, four(1.3%) were diagnosed with CRC, 146(45.8%) with A-SSL and 56(17.6%) with AA-SSL. Among those who had a colonoscopy within 4 years, none had CRC and 7 had AA-SSL. Of the 732 patients with no prior colonoscopy, there were 38 CRCs(5.2%). Independent predictors for advanced neoplasia were male [odds ratio(OR) = 1.80;95% confidence interval(CI): 1.35-2.40;P < 0.001), age(OR = 1.04;95%CI: 1.02-1.06;P < 0.001) and no previous colonoscopy(OR = 2.07;95%CI: 1.49-2.87;P < 0.001).CONCLUSION A previous colonoscopy, irrespective of its result, was associated with low prevalence of advanced neoplasia, and if performed within four years of a positive iFOBT result, was protective against CRC.

Impact of fecal occult blood on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding:Observational study

AIM: To elucidate the association between small bowel diseases(SBDs) and positive fecal occult blood test(FOBT) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB).METHODS: Between February 2008 and August 2013, 202 patients with OGIB who performed both capsule endoscopy(CE) and FOBT were enrolled(mean age; 63.6 ± 14.0 years, 118 males, 96 previous overt bleeding, 106 with occult bleeding). All patients underwent immunochemical FOBTs twice prior to CE. Three experienced endoscopists independently reviewed CE videos. All reviews and consensus meeting were conducted without any information on FOBT results. The prevalence of SBDs was compared between patients with positive and negative FOBT.RESULTS: CE revealed SBDs in 72 patients(36%). FOBT was positive in 100 patients(50%) and negative in 102(50%). The prevalence of SBDs was significantly higher in patients with positive FOBT than those with negative FOBT(46% vs 25%, P = 0.002). In particular, among patients with occult OGIB, the prevalence of SBDs was higher in positive FOBT group than negative FOBT group(45% vs 18%, P = 0.002). On the other hand, among patients with previous overt OGIB, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of SBDs between positive and negative FOBT group(47% vs 33%, P = 0.18). In disease specific analysis among patients with occult OGIB, the prevalence of ulcer and tumor were higher in positive FOBT group than negative FOBT group. In multivariate analysis, only positive FOBT was a predictive factors of SBDs in patients with OGIB(OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.4-4.6, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the trend was evidentam on g patients with occult OGIB who underwent FOBT on the same day or a day before CE. The prevalence of SBDs in positive vs negative FOBT group were 54% vs 13% in patients with occult OGIB who underwent FOBT on the same day or the day before CE(P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference between positive and negative FOBT group in those who underwent FOBT two or more days before CE(43% vs 25%, P = 0.20).CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that positive FOBT may be useful for predicting SBDs in patients with occult OGIB. Positive FOBT indicates higher likelihood of ulcers or tumors in patients with occult OGIB. Undergoing CE within a day after FOBT achieved a higher diagnostic yield for patients with occult OGIB.

Prediction of flare-ups of ulcerative colitis using quantitative immunochemical fecal occult blood test

AIM:To examine the feasibility of predicting the flareup of ulcerative colitis (UC) before symptoms emerge using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test (IFOBT).METHODS:We prospectively measured fecal hemoglobin concentrations in 78 UC patients using the I-FOBT every 1 or 2 mo.RESULTS:During a 20 mo-period,823 fecal samples from 78 patients were submitted.The median concentration of fecal hemoglobin was 41 ng/mL (range:0-392 500 ng/mL).There were three types of patients with regard to the correlation between I-FOBT and patient symptoms;the synchronous transition type with symptoms (44 patients),the unrelated type withsymptoms (19 patients),and the flare-up predictive type (15 patients).In patients with the flare-up predictive type,the values of I-FOBT were generally low during the study period with stable symptoms.Two to four weeks before the flare-up of symptoms,the I-FOBT values were high.Thus,in these patients,I-FOBT could predict the flare-up before symptoms emerged.CONCLUSION:Flare-up could be predicted by I-FOBT in approximately 20% of UC patients.These results warrant periodical I-FOBT in UC patients.

EVALUATION OF REVERSE PASSIVE HEMAGGLUTINATION （RPHA） FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST IN SCREENING OF COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA

A high risk population consisting of 3034 people with history of rectal polyps or ulcers were screened for colorectal neoplasia with Reverse Passive Hemagglutination Fecal Occult Blood Test (RPHA FOB) and 60 cm fiberoptic colonoscopy. Among 2553 subjects (84.1%)who completed both tests, 11 cases of colorectal malignancies and 465 cases of polyps were detected.Using colonoscopic finding and histopathological examination as the 'gold standard' of diagnosis, results showed that FOB positivity of polyps was related to their size, macroscopic appearance and surface features but no correlation between bleeding of polyps and their location, numbers, pathological types were found. In this study the sensitivity of RPHA in screening of colorectal malignancy was 63.6% (7/11), while that for polyps was only 21.1% (98/465) . For screening of colorectal neoplasia (cancer+polyps) the overall sensitivity and specificity of RPHA FOB were 22.1% and 82.4%, the positive and negative predictive values were 22.3% and 82.2% respectively. Amoug 465 polyps there were 195 adenomas, further analysis showed that villous and tubulovillous adenomas had higher intestinal bleeding rate (FOB positive)than tubular type (45.5%,30.0% and 17.8% respectively, X2=5.8, p=0.05). The results indicate that although the sensitivity of RPHA FOB in screening for colorectal polyps was generally low, but about 40% (8/21) of villous and tubulovillous adenoma which present higher tendency of malignant transformation can be detected by RPHA FOB as a screening Procedure. So the authors suggest that screening of colorectal neoplasia be not only a procedure of secondary prevention but also a measure of primary prevention for colorectal cancer.Accepted March 22, 1994

Diagnostic accuracy of a single qualitative immunochemical fecal occult blood test coupled with physical measurements

Background We aimed to improve the sensitivity of immunochemical fecal occult blood test （I-FOBT） to screen colorectal neoplasm among average-risk adults. Methods This is a diagnostic cohort study. All health examination participants receiving a single qualitative I-FOBT and a screening colonoscopy from January 2010 to June 2011 were included. Stool specimens were collected for I-FOBT before colonoscopy. Using pathology as gold standard, significant colorectal neoplasm was defined as advanced adenoma or malignancy. Results A total of 1 007 health examinees were identified. Fifty-five （5.5%） had borderline positive （＋/-） I-FOBT, while 38 （3.8%） had positive I-FOBT. Twenty-four （2.4%） had advanced adenoma, and five （0.5%） had carcinoma. Using borderline positive I-FOBT as cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for significant colorectal neoplasm were 34.5% （95% confidence interval （CI） 19.9%-52.7%） and 91.5% （95% CI 89.6%-93.1%）, respectively. If combined with advanced age, high blood pressure （BP）, and abdominal obesity, a fulfillment of either two criteria further increased the sensitivity to 72.4% （95% CI 54.3%-85.3%） with a specificity of 68.8% （95% C165.8%-71.6%）. Conclusion The sensitivity of a single qualitative I-FOBT for the detection of significant colorectal neoplasm can be increased by coupling with age, BP, and abdominal obesity.

Diagnostic value of fecal occult blood testing for screening colorectal cancer

AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of fecal occult blood testing in mass screening for colorectal cancer. METHODS The reversed passive hemagglutination reaction fecal occult blood testing (RPHA FOBT) and colorectal cancer′s risk factor quantitative method as the preliminary screening, and 60 cm fiberoptic colonoscopy as the accurate screening were used to detect colorectal cancer in a natural community of 75813 subjects in this study. RESULTS As compared with the 60cm fiberoptic colonoscopy as a standard reference, FOBT has a sensitivity of 41 9%, specificity of 95 8%, Youden′s index 0 38, and positive predictive value of 0 68%, these results went up with age in the subjects from the first detection. A 3 year follow up in the target mass showed that all new cases were once FOBT negative. CONCLUSION Values in FOBT as an indicator of mass screening for colorectal cancer were limited.

具核梭杆菌在结直肠癌筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨具核梭杆菌(Fn)在结直肠癌筛查中的临床价值。方法前瞻性纳入于2022年7月至2023年12月期间在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行结肠镜检查者。于结肠镜检查前3 d内留取粪便样本,采用定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)法检测粪便中菌群Fn的相对丰度,同时行粪便隐血试验(FOBT)。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估Fn对结直肠癌的诊断效能。结果共纳入271例受试者,其中诊断结直肠癌58例(21.40%)。结直肠癌组患者粪便中的Fn相对丰度显著高于非结直肠癌组[6.602(3.716,8.997)vs.1.665(0.593,4.752)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Fn诊断结直肠癌的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.750(95%CI:0.680~0.820,P<0.05),对应敏感度、特异度和阴性预测值分别为0.724、0.742和0.908。在FOBT结果阴性者中,Fn诊断结直肠癌的敏感度、特异度和阴性预测值分别为0.714、0.730和0.983。Fn联合FOBT诊断结直肠癌的AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.848~0.940,P<0.05),对应敏感度、特异度和阴性预测值分别为0.897、0.765和0.964,诊断效能显著优于单独检测Fn(P<0.05)。结论粪便Fn在结直肠癌筛查中具有较高的敏感性、特异性和阴性预测值,与FOBT联合应用可进一步提升结直肠癌检出率。因此,粪便Fn是结直肠癌筛查有价值的无创生物标志物,可有效避免FOBT阴性者中结直肠癌的漏诊。粪便Fn丰度升高者应尽快行结肠镜检查,若Fn与FOBT均阴性,则可基本排除结直肠癌。

Early diagnostic strategies for colorectal cancer

At present,cancer is still an important factor threatening human health.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the top three most common cancers worldwide and one of the deadliest malignancies in humans.The latest data showed that CRC incidence and mortality rank third and second,respectively,among global malignancies.Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce the morbidity,mortality and improve survival of patients with CRC,but the current early diagnostic methods have limitations.The effectiveness and compliance of diagnostic methods have a certain impact on whether people choose screening.In this editorial,we explore strategies for the early diagnosis of CRC,including stool-based,blood-based,direct visualization,and imaging examinations.

Early colorectal cancer screening–no time to lose

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route:Who should be screened?”by Agatsuma et al.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is emerging as an important health issue as its incidence continues to rise globally,adversely affecting the quality of life.Although the public has become more aware of CRC prevention,most patients lack screening awareness.Some poor lifestyle practices can lead to CRC and symptoms can appear in the early stages of CRC.However,due to the lack of awareness of the disease,most of the CRC patients are diagnosed already at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.

人工半髋关节置换术后隐性失血的影响因素分析

目的研究人工半髋关节置换术后隐性失血的影响因素。方法回顾性分析120例于重庆市北培区中医院进行人工半髋关节置换术后隐性失血的患者作为研究对象,以术后隐性失血量480 mL为分界线,将其分为高隐性失血组(31例,失血量≥480 mL),低隐性失血组(89例,失血量<480 mL),收集两组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响隐性失血的因素。结果两组间年龄、糖尿病、高脂血症、骨质疏松的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余对比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析认为年龄60岁及以上(OR:8.953,95%CI:2.905,27.593)、骨质疏松(OR:5.127,95%CI:1.318,19.950)是人工半髋关节置换术后高隐性失血的危险因素。结论年龄60岁及以上和骨质疏松是人工半髋关节置换术术后高隐性失血的危险因素。因此,在临床实践中,对于年龄较大和存在骨质疏松的患者,应特别注意预防和监测术后隐性失血的发生,采取必要的措施来减少失血风险,促进患者的早日康复。

自动粪便分析仪与人工复核法检测粪便结果的比较分析

目的比较自动粪便分析仪与人工复核法两种粪便检测方法的检验效果。方法收集2022年9月—2023年8月三明市第二医院就诊患者的9402份新鲜粪便标本,分别使用FA160自动粪便分析仪和人工复核法检测粪便有形成分(白细胞、红细胞、脂肪球、真菌)和隐血,记录两种方法的检测结果并进行统计学分析。结果自动粪便分析仪检测白细胞、红细胞、脂肪球、真菌和隐血的阳性检出率分别为4.90%、2.67%、6.31%、4.54%、25.34%,人工复核法阳性检出率分别为4.17%、2.22%、5.55%、5.29%、25.23%,自动粪便分析仪对粪便有形成分的阳性检出率除真菌略低于人工复核外,其他各项指标均高于人工复核,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而粪便隐血试验的阳性检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以人工复核法为标准,自动粪便分析仪检测白细胞、红细胞、脂肪球、真菌、隐血的阳性符合率分别为91.07%、96.17%、94.83%、78.07%、98.19%;阴性符合率分别为98.85%、99.46%、98.90%、99.56%、99.25%;阳性预测值分别为77.44%、80.08%、83.47%、90.87%、97.77%;阴性预测值分别为99.61%、99.91%、99.69%、98.79%、99.39%。结论自动粪便分析仪与人工复核法的检测结果虽然符合率较高,但还存在漏检和误检。因此对自动分析结果必须进行人工复核,提高检测结果的准确性,为临床提供可靠的参考依据。

泌尿系统疾病诊断中应用尿液沉渣隐血检验及尿液分析仪的价值

目的探讨尿液沉渣隐血检验及尿液分析仪在泌尿系统疾病诊断中的应用价值,以期为临床早期明确诊断、制订治疗方案提供参考依据。方法选取我院2020年6月至2022年6月就诊的260例泌尿系统疾病患者作为研究对象,入院后均行尿液沉渣隐血检验及尿液分析仪检测,以干化学试带法检验结果为“金标准”,比较尿液沉渣隐血检验、尿液分析仪检测单独、联合检查对红细胞、白细胞阳性诊断结果、诊断效能,并比较其对于不同类型泌尿系统疾病的检出率。结果与尿液沉渣隐血检验、尿液分析仪单独诊断比较,联合诊断对于红细胞阳性诊断灵敏度96.20%、准确度95.38%较高,漏诊率3.80%较低(P<0.05);与尿液沉渣隐血检验、尿液分析仪单独诊断比较,联合诊断对于白细胞阳性诊断灵敏度95.06%、准确度95.38%较高,漏诊率4.94%较低(P<0.05);且联合诊断对肾小球病、肾结石、急性肾炎综合征、肾肿瘤检出率高于尿液沉渣隐血检验、尿液分析仪单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论尿液沉渣隐血检验、尿液分析仪联合应用可有效提高泌尿系统疾病诊断效能,为临床早期诊断、鉴别疾病类型提供参考,以针对性制订治疗方案,改善预后。

Tumor-Specific Histo-Blood Group Antigens: Apropos of Two Cases

Cancer cells with immunogenic properties having altered protein glycosylation, modified blood group substances have been widely studied. Due to the genetic instability occurring during carcinogenesis the glycosyltransferases may suffer from posttranslation sequence modification. The author describes 2 autopsy cases, where in the background of the unusual metastatic tumor presentation, incompatible blood group antigenic determinants have been demonstrated using blood group specific lectins and monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In the first case, reported here, a 10-year-old girl developed an acute myeloid leukemia and died in a septic endotoxin shock after successful cytostatic treatment of a juvenile signet ring cell cancer of her colon. At autopsy there were no signs of tumor except bilateral apple-sized mucinous ovarian (Krukenberg) metastases. While she had erythrocyte phenotype of blood group A, the signet ring adenocarcinoma cells expressed blood group B incompatible antigenic determinants with lectin/mAb. In the second case, the autopsy of a 78-year-old female resulted in no macroscopic tumor sign except a moderately enlarged, ham hard spleen. Light microscopy revealed adenocarcinomatous infiltration in the splenic sinusoids. The patient had blood group O, while the metastatic cells in the spleen reacted with Breast Carcinoma Antigen (BioGenex) and incompatible anti-B Banderiaeasimplicifolia agglutinin I and anti-B mAb. It proved to be a case of an occult, completely regressed breast cancer. Based on these observations the expression of tumor specific incompatible blood group antigens might occur from time to time, mostly in adenocarcinomas. Accordingly, blood group-based specific immuno-oncotherapy could be considered in some cancer cases.

个体化预测股骨转子间骨折患者围手术期隐匿性失血风险的列线图模型构建

目的构建股骨转子间骨折患者围手术期出现隐匿性失血风险的列线图预测模型。方法回顾性收集我院2020年6月至2022年6月收治的96例股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料。根据平均失血量分为大量失血组(n=42)和非大量失血组(n=54)。对失血的影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素分析,R3.6.3软件及rms程序包构建预测隐匿性失血风险的列线图模型,并评估模型的区分度和一致性。结果96例患者发生大量隐匿性失血的有42例,占比43.75%。单因素分析显示,大量失血组和非大量失血组患者年龄、手术类型、入院白蛋白、DD之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.979、8.368、15.453,t=5.855,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄>70岁、手术类型为InterTAN、入院白蛋白<30 g/L、DD是影响股骨转子间骨折患者围手术期隐匿性失血的独立危险因素(P<0.05);列线图模型显示,年龄>70岁、InterTAN、入院白蛋白<30 g/L、DD每增加0.5 mg/L分别增加14.2分、14.8分、26.8分、11.1分的权重;检验发现模型一致性、区分度均较好。结论年龄>70岁、手术类型InterTAN、入院白蛋白<30 g/L、DD均是股骨转子间骨折患者围术期隐匿性失血的影响因素,本研究构建的列线图模型在用于个体化预测股骨转子间骨折患者围术期隐匿性失血具有一定临床意义。

基于FIB、HB、FOBT、CEA构建的Logistic回归模型对结直肠癌的诊断价值

目的 评价纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血红蛋白(HB)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和粪便隐血试验(FOBT)联合检测在结直肠癌患者中的诊断价值,为结直肠癌诊断提供参考。方法 选取宁夏医科大学总医院2021年1月至2022年6月结直肠外科收治的110例结直肠癌患者作为癌症组,选取同期病房收治的43例良性结直肠疾病患者为非癌症组。回顾性分析并比较癌症组及非癌症组常规实验室指标(血常规、生化常规、肿瘤标志物、细胞因子、FOBT)结果,采用Logistic回归分析结直肠癌的影响因素并构建Logistic回归模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Logistic回归模型对结直肠癌的诊断价值;进一步构建诊断结直肠癌的列线图并绘制校准曲线图进行内部验证。结果 癌症组患者血FIB、CEA水平及FOBT阳性率高于非癌症组,A/G、HB水平低于非癌症组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将FIB、HB、FOBT、CEA进行多因素Logistic回归分析,建立Logistic回归模型作为4项指标联合检测模型:P=1/[1+e^(-(13.792-0.144×X_(1)+1.057×X_(2)+0.560×X_(3)+3.029×X_(4)))],其中X_(1)为HB水平,X_(2)为FIB水平,X_(3)为CEA水平,X_(4)为FOBT检测结果(阳性=1,阴性=0)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,当最大约登指数为0.841时,Logistic回归模型诊断结直肠癌的灵敏度为86.4%,特异度为97.7%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.961(95%CI:0.933~0.988)。建立Logistic回归模型的列线图,并绘制校准曲线图,结果提示该模型的预测概率与实际概率具有较好的一致性。结论 基于FIB、HB、CEA和FOBT 4项指标构建的Logistic回归模型,对结直肠癌有着较好的诊断价值,也为临床对结直肠癌的早期筛查和诊断提供了一定的方向。