Construction and Validation of a Chinese Translation of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,Adolescent Edition

Background:Coping self-efficacy can help individuals mitigate the adverse emotional impacts of stress,anxiety,and other negative emotions,and it also influences individuals’academic performance,including school adjustment and academic burnout.It is an important factor affecting the mental health of adolescents.However,there is no measurement tool specifically designed for adolescent populations in China.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to assess the applicability of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale(CSES)among Chinese adolescents.Methods:In September 2023,this study collected data through online questionnaires and ultimately conducted item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),measurement invariance analysis,reliability analysis,and criterion-related validity analysis on a sample of 1157 adolescents.Results:The results of item analysis showed that the items of CSES were significantly different between the high and low groups.Further factor analysis results showed the existence of a factor solution that explained 59.09%of the total variation,with factor loadings ranging from 0.52–0.78.CFA supported the three-factor model of Chinese adolescent version of the CSES(CFI=0.923,TLI=0.914,IFI=0.923,RMSEA=0.068).Measurement invariance analysis indicates that the scale satisfies gender measurement invariance(ΔCFI=-0.002,-0.001>-0.01,ΔRMSEA=-0.001,0<0.02,ΔSRMR=0.005,0.007<0.01).The Chinese adolescent version of the CSES was positively correlated with the Social Support Appraisal Scale(SS-A)and the Life Orientation Test-Revised(LOT-R,r=0.670,0.673,both p<0.01),and negatively correlated with the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)and the Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory(ASBI,r=-0.694,-0.233,-0.680,both p<0.01).The Cronbach’sα,McDonald’sω,split-half reliability and test-retest reliability of the Chinese adolescent version of the CSES were 0.953,0.955,0.933 and 0.894,respectively.Conclusion:The results indicate that the three-factor model of the Chinese adolescent version of the CSES is acceptable and demonstrates high reliability and validity,establishing it as a precise tool for measuring and assessing coping self-efficacy among Chinese adolescents.

Developing a Valid and Reliable Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Iranian Version

Introduction: This study aimed to develop valid and reliable scale with the intention of measure Coping Self-efficacy (CSES) of Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Coping Self-efficacy Scale (CSES) were measured by a cross-sectional study. Content validity, reliability and cultural equivalency were appraised through qualitative and quantitative study on 260 participants who have type 2 diabetes. Results: Reliability and validity of the scale and its four subscales, such as “stop unpleasant emotions and thoughts” (a = 0.92) “used problem-focused coping” (a = 0.71), Self-efficacy on diabetes problem solving (a = 0.74) and “get support from friends and family” (a = 0.67) were approved explicitly by a psychometric analysis;these show that the scale was slightly valid and reliable on the study setting. An intraclass correlation coefficient was satisfactory (p < 0.001). Criterion validity between total scale and metabolic control Index (HbA1c) of type 2 diabetic patients was significant (p < 0.001) and showed indirect correlation with the domains of the scale. Conclusion: Study findings supported the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of new Coping Self-efficacy-24 for measuring Coping Selfefficacy among Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Based on our finding, we would like to recommend appropriate interventions in the future.

The Effect of Cancer Diagnosis Disclosure on Patient’s Coping Self-Efficacy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Cancer diagnosis disclosure is still a challenge for patients and health care providers in Saudi Arabia which may affect the patient’s ability to cope with a cancer diagnosis and it is subsequent treatments. Aim: This study is aimed to assess the effect of cancer diagnosis disclosure on patient’s coping self-efficacy at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, KSA-Jeddah. Methods: The data collected through a structured interview guided by coping Self-efficacy Scale (CSE) to measure the patients’ ability to perceive and cope effectively with their new diagnosis and the subsequent events related to it. It consists of 26 items subdivided into three factors. Distributed to adult patients above 18 years old who is newly diagnosed with cancer and willing to participate. Results: Among 102 participants enrolled in this study the relationship between age, marital status, educational level, income, and CSE showed no significant relationship, where p-value was higher than 0.05. Also, the relationship between diagnosis time and CSE show no significant relationship, where p-value was higher than 0.05, as no differences in CSE among patients who were diagnosed with cancer within two weeks, one month, one year ago, two years ago of interviewing them. The overall mean for their coping self-efficacy was moderate coping self-efficacy (3.86 ± 0.552). Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of cancer patients in this study had moderate coping self-efficacy and this could be explained by the strong faith, ideal living environment which involves family support, groups’ participation, reinforcement and daily activities which helped them to control their emotions and their abilities for coping with their experience of cancer diagnosis disclosure.

Emotional Costs and Self-efficacy as Predictors of Coping Among the Reemployed and Professional Interns

The main goal of the study was to investigate the emotional costs experienced by the organizational newcomers during the first period of reemployment and its relation to general self-efficacy CGSE} and coping. The study was conducted among 123 previous unemployed, involving 88 reemployed and 35 interns. Questionnaires battery was administered in two waves {T1 and T2~ in the first month of reemployment and after three months. In this article, the data from T2 were analyzed, which allows observing the final results and interactions between research variables. The results showed emotional costs and GSE as significant predictors of coping in the work re-entry phase. Additionally, emotional costs partially mediate the effect of GSE on coping. The differences between both groups, the reemployed and interns were also analyzed.

Impact of Risk Perception about COVID-19 on the Coping Behavior of the Elderly:Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

Objective:This study aimed to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between risk perception and the coping behavior of the elderly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:The study employed the convenience sampling method to select a total of 550 elderly from Chongqing,Chengdu and Luohe in China.A questionnaire composed of the perception scale,self-efficacy scale,and coping behavior scale was used to collect data.Results:Risk perception exerted a significantly direct effect on positive coping behavior and avoidant coping behavior.Moreover,it positively predicted the components of self-efficacy.In turn,self-efficacy positively predicted the components of positive coping behavior,which confirm that it plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and positive coping behavior.Moreover,self-efficacy negatively predicted the components of avoidant coping behavior,which confirms that it also plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and avoidant coping behavior.Conclusion:A simple mediation model revealed that self-efficacy partially mediated the direct and indirect effects of risk perception on coping behavior.Based on the results,the study recommended several countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing the positive coping behavior of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development of an adolescent coping model in seasonal flood-prone areas:a qualitative feasibility study

Objective:The aim is to develop and verify the feasibility of an adolescent coping model in seasonal flood-prone areas.This coping model supports mental health nurses'practical application to adolescents in flood-prone areas.Methods:We developed the adolescent coping model based on the processes established in three integrated theories:self-care management for vulnerable populations,coping approaches,and coping with disaster.We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 participants to explore their perspectives and experiences with flood disasters.We used purposeful sampling for maximum diversity.Data were collected through face-to-face,in-depth interviews.Data were transcribed verbatim,followed by qualitative content analysis.The coping model of adolescents in flood-prone areas was analyzed qualitatively and inductively from the viewpoint of acceptability.Results:The following five categories were identified:(1)coping process post-disaster;(2)coping approach;(3)community power;(4)vulnerability;and(5)self-potential.These domains formed a model for coping model adolescents in seasonal flood-prone areas.Accordingly,our findings showed that the model could be practical for mental health community nursing.Conclusions:Mental health nurses can use the coping model for disaster mental health nursing in adolescents in flood-prone areas.The application of this model will help adolescents increase self-efficacy.

Analysis of the Influence of the Self-efficacy of College Students on Their Response Behaviors Toward COVID-19

Objective:This study aims to investigate the self-efficacy of college students during the Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and to conduct an empirical analysis on its influence mechanism on decision-making and coping skills to provide reference for decision support to improve the coping behavior of college students during public health emergencies.Methods:The study recruited a total of 1,346 college students in Shaanxi.Data were collected via a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0.Result:The self-efficacy of the college students exerted a significantly positive impact on their coping decisions(β=0.754)and coping skills(β=0.822)during the COVID-19 pandemic.Both passed the significance test at a 99.9%confidence interval(99%CI).Conclusion:During the COVID-19 pandemic,improving the self-efficacy of college students can significantly positively influence their coping behaviors.Therefore,providing effective interventions that target the self-efficacy of college students and encouraging them to adopt positive coping behaviors is necessary.

Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans

Background:Large numbers of post-deployment U.S.veterans are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and/or traumatic brain injury(TBI),leading to an urgent need for effective interventions to reduce symptoms and increase veterans’coping.PTSD includes anxiety,flashbacks,and emotional numbing.The symptoms increase health care costs for stress-related illnesses and can make veterans’civilian life difficult.Methods:We used a randomized wait-list controlled design with repeated measures of U.S.military veterans to address our specific aim to test the efficacy of a 6-week therapeutic horseback riding(THR)program for decreasing PTSD symptoms and increasing coping self-efficacy,emotion regulation,social and emotional loneliness.Fiftyseven participants were recruited and 29 enrolled in the randomized trial.They were randomly assigned to either the horse riding group(n=15)or a wait-list control group(n=14).The wait-list control group experienced a 6-week waiting period,while the horse riding group began THR.The wait-list control group began riding after 6 weeks of participating in the control group.Demographic and health history information was obtained from all the participants.PTSD symptoms were measured using the standardized PTSD Checklist-Military Version(PCL-M).The PCL-M as well as other instruments including,The Coping Self Efficacy Scale(CSES),The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS)and The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults-short version(SELSA)were used to access different aspects of individual well-being and the PTSD symptoms.Results:Participants had a statistically significant decrease in PTSD scores after 3 weeks of THR(P≤0.01)as well as a statistically and clinically significant decrease after 6 weeks of THR(P≤0.01).Logistic regression showed that participants had a 66.7%likelihood of having lower PTSD scores at 3 weeks and 87.5%likelihood at 6 weeks.Under the generalized linear model(GLM),our ANOVA findings for the coping self-efficacy,emotion regulation,and social and emotional loneliness did not reach statistical significance.The results for coping self-efficacy and emotion regulation trended in the predicted direction.Results for emotional loneliness were opposite the predicted direction.Logistic regression provided validation that outcome effects were caused by riding longer.Conclusion:The findings suggest that THR may be a clinically effective intervention for alleviating PTSD symptoms in military veterans.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Adolescents Reside in Padang’s Prone Earthquake Area in West Sumatera, Indonesia

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the adolescents after earthquakes is not commonly reported in Indonesia. However, symptoms of PTSD such as loss of concentration, re-experiencing, avoidance and numbing commonly presented to the medical staffs even two years after 30th September of 2009 which was the worst earthquakes in Indonesia. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between individual characteristics, family status and cognitive factors (coping strategies and self-efficacy) with PTSD among adolescents in earthquake prone areas. Padang, West Sumatera was chosen after the occurrence of the earthquake on 30th September 2009. A cross sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 600 adolescents using revised University of California, Los Angeles Reaction Index (UCLA-RI) questionnaire to measure PTSD, levels of trauma and coping strategies. The result showed that the prevalence of PTSD among adolescents aged 12 - 18-year-old at 32 months after the earthquake was 36%. The adolescents’ age (p < 0.01), gender (p < 0.01), coping strategies (p = 0.04) and self-efficacy (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the PTSD. Parental status, family income and parents’ education status were found not related to PTSD. Parents and school teachers must be alerted on the important of adolescents’ physical and mental health screening post traumatic disaster such as earthquake even though adolescents are well known of fit and healthy group. Good coping strategies and having strong self-efficacy were found useful tool to buffer and reduce the occurrence of PTSD.

男护士职业应对效能感与家庭-工作增益的相关性研究

目的了解男护士职业应对效能感与家庭-工作增益现状，分析两者的关系。方法于2017年6月以方便抽样法选择绍兴市58名男护士为研究对象，采用职业应对效能感量表、工作家庭增益量表进行调查，采用Pearson相关分析和分层回归分析分析家庭-工作增益对男护士职业应对效能感的影响。结果男护士职业应对效能感、家庭-工作增益得分分别为（32．81±4．15）、（21．50±3．73）分；职业应对效能感与家庭-工作心理增益、家庭-工作工具性增益呈正相关（r=0．592，P〈0．001）；家庭-工作增益各维度可联合解释男护士职业应对效能感33．5％的变异。结论男护士职业应对效能感与家庭-工作增益密切相关。