Accessory Breast Cancer Occurring Concurrently with Bilateral Primary Invasive Breast Carcinomas:A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

The development of accessory breast tissue,which is found anywhere along the milk line,is attributed to the failure of milk line remnants to regress during embryogenesis.Primary tumors may arise from any ectopic breast tissue.Accessory breast cancer occurring concurrently with primary invasive breast cancer is extremely rare.Two such cases were reported in this article.One was a 43-year-old Chinese female who exhibited bilateral breast cancer(invasive ductal carcinoma,not otherwise specified,IDC-NOS) and an accessory breast carcinoma(IDC-NOS) incidentally identified in her left axilla.The ectopic breast tissue in her right axilla presented with adenosis.The patient was surgically treated,followed by postoperative docetaxel epirubicin(TE) chemotherapy.The second case was a 53-year-old Chinese female with bilateral breast cancer(apocrine carcinoma) accompanied by an accessory breast carcinoma(IDC-NOS) in her right axilla that was also incidentally identified.The patient was surgically treated after three doses of cyclophosphamide epirubicin docetaxel(CET) neoadjuvant chemotherapy,followed by adjuvant chemotherapy of the same regimen.

Evaluation of fault diagnosability for nonlinear uncertain systems with multiple faults occurring simultaneously

Up to present,the problem of the evaluation of fault diagnosability for nonlinear systems has been investigated by many researchers.However,no attempt has been done to evaluate the diagnosability of multiple faults occurring simultaneously for nonlinear systems.This paper proposes a method based on differential geometry theories to solve this problem.Then the evaluation of fault diagnosability for affine nonlinear systems with multiple faults occurring simultaneously is achieved.To deal with the effect of control laws on the evaluation results of fault diagnosability,a design scheme of the evaluation of fault diagnosability is proposed.Then the influence of uncertainties on the evaluation results of fault diagnosability for affine nonlinear systems with multiple faults occurring simultaneously is analyzed.The numerical simulation results are obtained to show the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation scheme of fault diagnosability.

Distributed Synchronization of Coupled Time-Delay Neural Networks Based on Randomly Occurring Control

In this paper, the distributed synchronization of stochastic coupled neural networks with time-varying delay is concerned via randomly occurring control. We use two Bernoulli stochastic variables to describe the occurrence of distributed adaptive control and updating law according to certain probabilities. The distributed adaptive control and updating law for each vertex in the network depend on the state information on each vertex’s neighborhood. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, Itô differential equations, etc., by constructing the appropriate Lyapunov functional, we study and obtain sufficient conditions for the distributed synchronization of such networks in mean square.

Diagnosis and management of arterioportal fistula occurring after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein cannula-assisted TIPS

To the Editor:Transjugularintrahepaticportosystemicshunt(TIPS)isusuallyconsideredthechoiceformanagingcomplicationsofportal hypertensionsuchasrefractoryascites,esophagogastricvariceal bleedingandrecurrentbleedinguncontrolledwithfirstline treatment.Inrecentyears,TIPShasbeensuccessfullyusedto treat Budd-Chiari syndrome, hepatic hydrothorax, and portal vein thrombosis.One of the key steps during TIPS is the portal vein puncture.

Distributed Synchronization of Stochastic Complex Networks with Time-Varying Delays via Randomly Occurring Control

This paper studies the distributed synchronization control problem of a class of stochastic dynamical systems with time-varying delays and random noise via randomly occurring control. The activation of the distributed adaptive controller and the update of the control gain designed in this paper all happen randomly. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, LaSalle invariance principle, combined with the use of the properties of the matrix Kronecker product, stochastic differential equation theory and other related tools, by constructing the appropriate Lyapunov functional, the criterion for the distributed synchronization of this type of stochastic complex networks in mean square is obtained.

Phase Transition and Critical Phenomenon Occurring in Granular Matter

We investigate the granular flow states in a channel with bottleneck by molecular dynamics simulations.Our study is restricted only on a selected key area rather than on the whole system to focus on the flow properties of a single granular state.A random force field is introduced to control the granular temperature.It is also pointed out that the flow rate in the granular flow can be correlated with the pressure,which leads us to carry out a comprehensive study similar to the classical study for general liquid-gas phase transition.Our results show that the dilute flow state and the dense flow state of the granules are similar to the gas state and the liquid state of general substances,respectively,and the properties of phase transition and critical phenomenon are also similar to those occurring in general substances.

Prediction of the occurring amount of whitebacked planthopper(WBPH) on early rice by sea temperature

Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) is a kind of long-distance migratory pest. Its occurring amount is closely related to the climate change of large sphere. In recent years many researches have reported that the climate of large sphere was affected by the Pacific sea temperature (ST). We studied the long-range forecast of the occurring amount of WBPH by using data provided by State Meteorological Administration, China. Taking the highest amount per 100 hills in main injurious generation of WBPH on early rice in Ganzhou Prefecture, Jiangxi Province as the object of forecast (y), and dividing y into six grades,i.e. 1-6 grades means the sequence of 1,000,1,001-3,000, 3,001-5,000, 5,001-10,000,10,001-20,000, and over 20,000 heads in order. Three regions were selected from the 286 grid points in the northwest Pacific. Region A was the maritime space between Black Tide Region and California Cold Flow Region, 160°E-130°W,

Combined use of retroperitoneal laparoscopy and bladder resectoscope to treat renal and ureteral tumor occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney (report of 5 cases)

To evaluate the operative characteristics and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic resection of renal,ureter and partial bladder for the treatment of native renal pelvic and ureteral transitional cell cancer occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney.Methods In 5 cases of renal transplantation,there were 2 cases of right native renal pelvic cancer,1 case of right native renal pelvic and ureter cancer and 2 cases of right ureter cancer respectively.The transplanted kidney was in the same iliac fossa side of the tumor.All 5 patients were subjected to nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision by retroperitoneoscopic technique.Results Five operations were completed successfully.The operative time was 180 to 280 min,and the blood loss was 50 to 200 ml.The recovery of intestinal function after operation was 12 to 36 h.The urine output was 1 500 to 4 000 per day.Postoperative serum creatinine was still normal.The mean hospital stay after operation was 4.5 days.Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision is a good method to treat the native renal pelvic and ureteral transitional cell cancer occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney.The procedure is safe and less invasive,which provides a good protection of transplanted kidney.12 refs.

First total synthesis of a naturally occurring nucleoside disulfide:9-(5'-Deoxy-5'-thio-β-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine disulfide

A naturally occurring nucleoside disulfide, 9-（51-deoxy-5t-thio-β-D-xylofuranosyl）adenine disulfide, was first synthesized from o-xylose over 7 steps in 20% overall yield. The key step involved Vorbri.iggen glycosylation of silylated N6-benzoyladenine with xylose diacetate moiety.

Fault Detection for Complex Systems with Channel Fadings, Randomly Occurring Multiple Delays and Infinitely Distributed Delays

This paper is concerned with the fault detection（FD） problem for a class of discretetime stochastic systems with channel fadings, randomly occurring multiple communication delays,and infinitely distributed delays. All of the three phenomena have the characteristics of randomly occurring and three sequences of stochastic variables which are mutually independent but obey the Bernoulli distribution are employed to describe them. The aim of this paper is to design an FD filter such that the FD dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square and, at the same time, the error between the residual signal and the fault signal is made as small as possible. Intensive analysis is utilized to derive the sufficient conditions for the designed FD filter, which guarantees the exponential stability and the prescribed H∞ performance. FD filter parameters are obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FD design scheme.

Numerical evaluation of radiation and optical coupling occurring in optical coupler

We present in this work a new mathematical model to analyze and evaluate optical phenomena occurring in the nonuniform optical waveguide used in integrated optics as an optical coupler. By introducing some modifications to the intrinsic integral, we perfectly assess the radiation field present in the adjacent medium of the waveguide and, thus, follow the evolution of the optical coupling from the taper thin film to the substrate and cladding until there is a total energy transfer. The new model that is introduced can be used to evaluate electromagnetic field distribution in three mediums that constitute any nonuniform optical couplers presenting great or low wedge angles.

Distribution of Rapeseed Clubroot Disease in Hubei Province and Evaluation of Yield Loss

[Objective] The aim of this study was to reveal the distribution of rapeseed clubfoot disease in Hubei Province and to assess the yield loss caused by the pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae. [Method] Field surveys were conducted in Shayang, Dangyang, Zhijiang, Yidu and Changyang of Hubei Province during 2009- 2011. Clubfoot disease of rapeseed samples from the surveyed locations were con- firmed by PCR detection and plants infection experiment. The factors of yield and plot yields influenced by clubroot disease were determined in plot experiment. [Re- salt] Rapeseed clubroots were confirmed in Zhijiang and Dangyang and not found in Shayang and Yidu. Clubroot was found in cruciferous vegetables but not in rapeseed d in Changyang. Infection of P. brassicae significantly decreased of the first effective branch numbers of rapeseed, effective pod number per plant, seed number per pod and 1 000-grain weight. Yield of infected rapeseed decreased by 56.4% over non-infected control. [Conclusion] Rapeseed clubroot disease mainly distributed in Zhijiang and Dangyang of Hubei Province. The disease had an economic impact on rapeseed production.

Analysis of Causes for an Uncommon Persistent Heavy Rain During Winter

[Objective] The aim was to study the causes for one large scale of consecutive rainstorm process in the winter of 2010 in Guangxi. [Method] The characteristics and causes of the uncommon persistent heavy rain occurring in Guangxi in January, 2010 were analyzed by using synoptic observation data, NCEP 1°×1° per six hours Global Data Assimilation System reanalysis data and satellite image. [Result] The results showed that this persistent heavy rain process was associated with abnormal intensity and the stability of the western pacific subtropical high. The heavy rain was caused by the cloud system maintaining for a long time on the edge of subtropical high. The convergence of the infrequent southeast jet was the primary cause of the uncommon heavy rain. MPV1>0, and MPV2<0 at 700 hPa were the favorable conditions for the heavy rain. The magnitude of MPV1 and MPV2 was equivalent. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for the forecast of the following similar extreme weather.

Inorganic phosphate in the development and treatment of cancer:A Janus Bifrons?

Inorganic phosphate(Pi) is an essential nutrient to living organisms. It is required as a component of the energy metabolism,kinase/phosphatase signaling and in the formation and function of lipids,carbohydrates and nucleic acids and,at systemic level,it plays a key role for normal skeletal and dentin mineralization. Pi represents an abundant dietary element and its intestinal absorption is efficient,minimally regulated and typically extends to approximately 70%. Maintenance of proper Pi homeostasis is a critical event and serum Pi level is maintained within a narrow range through an elaborate network of humoral interactions and feedback loops involving intestine,kidney,parathyroid gland and bone,and depends on the activity of a number of hormones,including parathyroid hormone,1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D,and fibroblast growth factor 23 as major regulators of Pi homeostasis. Notably,Pi intake seemingly continues to increase as a consequence of chronic high-phosphorus(P) diets deriving from the growing consumption of highly processed foods,especially restaurant meals,fast foods,and convenience foods. Several recent reports have generated significant associations between high-P intake or high-serum Pi concentration and morbidity and mortality. Many chronic diseases,including cardiovascular diseases,obesity and even cancer have been proposed to be associated with high-P intakes and high-serum Pi concentrations. On the other hand,there is also evidence that Pi can have antiproliferative effects on some cancer cell types,depending on cell status and genetic background and achieve additive cytotoxic effects when combined with doxorubicin,illustrating its potential for clinical applications and suggesting that up-regulating Pi levels at local sites for brief times,might contribute to the development of novel and cheap modalities for therapeutic intervention in some tumours. Overall,the influence of Pi on cell function and the possible relationship to cancer have to be fully understood and investigated further.

Antioxidant Effect of Bovine Plasma Proteins Modified via Maillard Reaction on n3 Fortified Beef Patties

This work aimed to develop a healthier meat product, by improving nutritional properties related to lipid profile, using a Maillard reaction product (MRP) obtained from recycling blood from local slaughterhouses as antioxidant. Soybean oil was used as partial fat replacer and the lipid profile was modified as a decrease in the n6/n3 ratio (11.59 to 9.50), and atherogenic and trombogenic index (from 0.42 to 0.27 and 0.94 to 0.56 respectively) was observed. Beef patties were added with two MRP levels (1% w/w and 3% w/w). Patties with no antioxidants were used as control and patties containing 0.01% w/w of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) were used as reference. Oxidative stability of refrigerated vacuum-packed patties was evaluated during 15 days of storage. Results showed 3% of MRP as the most appropriate concentration to prevent lipid oxidation with inhibition percentages of 75%, and 9 days as the limit time of chilled storage regarding consumers’ perceptions.

Altitude-dependent distribution of 137Cs in the environment:a case study of Aragats massif, Armenia

This paper considers the distribution of technogenic 137Cs and naturally occurring radionuclides:238 U,232 Th and40 R concentrations in soils and 137Cs in atmospheric dry depositions by altitudinal belts of the Aragats mountain massif,Republic of Armenia.Undisturbed soil samples were collected at altitudes from 1000 to 3200 m.For the determination of geochemical variability,two soil sampling campaigns were undertaken.Atmospheric dry depositions were sampled from five stations at1100-3200 m collected onto organic fiber filters between June and December 2016.137Cs activity was measured using a high-purity Germanium detector coupled to a multichannel analyzer(Canberra).Results indicated that specific activity of 137Cs in soils at 1000 m is495-528 Bq m^-2,andat3200 mis10,500-11,470 Bq m^-2.No correlation observed for 137Cs versus naturally occurring radionuclides,which varies in distribution by altitude.Specific activities of 137Cs in dry atmospheric depositions varies from 1.06 at 846 m to2.37 Bq m^-2 per quarter at 3200 m and increases as the altitude increases.Activities of 137Cs in soil and dry atmospheric deposition correlated significantly,and 137Cs activity in soils and atmospheric dry depositions decrease as the absolute altitude decreases.The 50-year effective dose from exposure to 137Cs fallout varies with altitude from 0.007 to 1.42 m Sv.

Synthesis,Mass Spectrometric Studies,and Biological Evaluation of 3,5-Dimethoxyhomophthalic Acid and Related Compounds

3,5-Dimethoxyhomophthalic acid was synthesized in four steps from 3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid via a series of reactions including cyclization of 3-（3＇,5＇-dimethoxyphenyl）propionic acid to 5,7-dimethoxy-1-indanone and oxidative decomposition of methyl-2-hydroxy-2-[5,7-dimethyoxy-1-oxo-1H-inden-2（3H）-ylidene]acetate to 3,5-dimethoxyhomophthalic acid.The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,IR,1H NMR,and MS.The biological evaluation experiments of 3,5-dimthoxyhomophthalic acid and the related synthesized compounds were also carried out.Naturally occurring biologically active isocoumarins were prepared in a single step by the condensation of the homophthalic acid with appropriate acid chlorides.

Prevention of Hearing Loss by Alteration of the Systemic Immune System

Although congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) in the bilateral cochleae mainly results from genetic abnormalities, chronic SHL progressing in later life is often influenced by systemic immune disturbances, including autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and immunosenescence. We have investigated the relationship between the inner ear and systemic immunity and reviewed the possibilities to prevent SHL, including autoimmune SHL and age-related SHL. We also demonstrated two lymphocyte populations, interleukin 1 receptor type II (IL-1R2)-positive T cells (T1R2) and naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) in CD4+ T cells, which increase with aging, suppress host immune function and promote organ degeneration. Alterations in systemic immunity by fewer microbial antigen challenges in the living environment, elimination of immune suppressive lymphocytes, or immune rejuvenation with a reconstituted thymus may contribute not only to renew the cochlear function in SHL, but also to extend the healthy life of functional organs in a vigorous and youthful body, one of humanity’s greatest dreams.

An Improved Logic Diagram of RCM with the Proactive Maintenance

For some repeatedly occurring failure with root cause,the reliability centered maintenance (RCM) can’t deal with them effectively. So,the logic diagram of RCM was improved by combining it with proactive maintenance technology. First,root cause analysis is used to build a key result-cause chain of the repeatedly occur failure. Then,a reasonable link in the chain,which work station is suitable to be monitored and repaired,should be selected. Finally,the corresponding proactive maintenance measure should be adopted to prevent the matter occur on the chain and broken the key result-cause chain,and the repeatedly occur failure is to be prevent at a deeper level or from the root cause. By doing this,a system engineering method comes into being,not only it can determine the needs of preventive maintenance for equipment,but also determine the proactive maintenance needs for equipment. The analysis result of reliability centered maintenance and the analysis result considering proactive maintenance are combined to form a maintenance guideline containing proactive maintenance strategy.