人工法off-line HDF对血液透析充分性和高同型半胱氨酸血症的影响

目的探究人工法off-line HDF对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者透析充分性、高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)的影响。方法随机选取2021至2023年于南昌大学第一附属高新医院血液透析中心稳定透析6个月以上的MHD患者30例,进行单中心自身对照研究,时长6个月。前3个月维持每周2次高通量血液透析(HFHD)联合1次on-line HDF,后3个月维持每周2次人工法off-line HDF联合1次on-line HDF。于研究第3个月、第6个月时用全自动生化分析仪检测透析前后血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2MG)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、白蛋白(Alb)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血红蛋白(Hb)、甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、磷(P)、钾(K)水平;计算血清尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、尿素下降率(URR)和β2MG清除率。结果人工法off-line HDF模式透析的Kt/V、URR及β2MG清除率均较显著高于HFHD模式透析(P<0.05);人工法off-lineHDF模式透析Kt/V、URR及β2MG清除率达到透析充分的百分率分别为83.33%、83.33%和93.33%,均显著高于HFHD模式透析(P<0.05)。与HFHD模式透析时相比,人工法off-lineHDF模式透析结束后,患者透析前Hcy水平降低,Alb水平升高(P<0.05)。结论人工法off-line HDF模式透析可显著增加Kt/V、URR和β2MG清除率,提高MHD患者的透析充分性达标率,且对HHcy具有改善作用。

Impact of Sedation Protocols on Elderly Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation and Off-Line Weaning

The proportion of elderly patients in intensive care is increasing, and a significant proportion of them require mechanical ventilation. How to implement safe and effective mechanical ventilation for elderly patients, and when appropriate off-line is an important issue in the field of critical care medicine. Appropriate sedation can improve patient outcomes, but excessive sedation may lead to prolonged mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of complications. Elderly patients should be closely monitored and evaluated on an individual basis while offline, and the sedation regimen should be dynamically adjusted. This requires the healthcare team to consider the patient’s sedation needs, disease status, and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug to arrive at the best strategy. Although the current research has provided valuable insights and strategies for sedation and off-line management, there are still many problems to be further explored and solved.

Effects of on-line solution and off-line heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy

The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through on-line solution and off-line aging treatment but decreases after off-line solution treatment. By X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, it is found that the microstructures of the die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy before and after on-line solution and off-line aging are similar, consisting of α-Mg and β-Al12Mg17. The precipitation of Al element is prevented by on-line solution so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases precipitate from supersaturated Mg solid solution after off-line aging treatment, and lead to microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy, so the effect of precipitation hardening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases dissolve in the substructure after off-line solution treatment, which leads to that the grain boundary strengthening phase is reduced significantly and the hardness of die cast AZ91D is reduced.

分布式水文-土壤-植被模式的改进及气候水文Off-line模拟试验

文中对引进的高分辨率 (94 2 .5m× 94 2 .5m)分布式水文 土壤 植被模式 (DHSVM) ,针对海、滦河流域的特点进行了改进 ,主要包括 :(1)改变蒸散发模拟方法 ,用改进的Penman Monteith模式模拟海滦河流域的蒸发 ,较好地模拟出 1a内的两个峰值 ,最大值出现在 4～ 6月 ,次大值出现在 7～ 8月 ;(2 )改变水文模式结构 ,用多站点气候观测资料内插到模式网格点 ,充分实现了分布式水文模拟 ;(3)发展新的水文、植被、土壤参数化方案 ,对 33个参数分区计算和确定 ,并重点对土壤孔隙度 φ、土壤蓄水能力θfc、叶面指数LAI、随机阻抗γs 等 11个参数进行调试和修订 ,提高了水文模拟精度。用改进的DHSVM模式分别对滦河、桑干河流域蒸散发、地下水位、土壤湿度、土壤水下渗、产流、汇流与径流等水文过程进行Off line模拟试验 ,模拟结果与实测值一致性较好 ,滦河流域 1979～ 1991年、桑干河流域 1979～ 1987年水文模拟效率系数分别为 0 .89和 0 .82 。

A Land Surface Model(IAP94) for Climate Studies PartI:Formulation and Validation in Off-line Experiments

The IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) land-surface model (IAP94) is described. This model is a comprehensive one with detailed description for the processes of vegetation, snow and soil. Particular attention has been paid to the cases with three water phases in the surface media. On the basis of the mixture theory and the theory of fluid dynamics of porous media, the system of universal conservational equations for water and heat of soil, snow and vegetation canopy has been constructed. On this background, all important factors that may affect the water and heat balance in media can be considered naturally, and each factor and term possess distinct physical meaning. In the computation of water content and temperature, the water phase change and the heat transportation by water flow are taken into account. Moreover, particular attention has been given to the water vapor diffusion in soil for arid or semi-arid cases, and snow compaction. In the treatment of surface turbulent fluxes, the difference between aerodynamic and thermal roughness is taken into account. The aerodynamic roughness of vegetation is calculated as a function of canopy density, height and zero-plane displacement. An extrapolation of log linear and exponential relationship is used when calculating the wind profile within canopy. The model has been validated against field measurements in off-line simulations. The desirable model′s performance leads to the conclusion that the IAP94 is able to reproduce the main physical mechanisms governing the energy and water balances in the global land surface. Part II of the present study will concern the validation in a 3-D experiment coupled with the IAP Two-Level AGCM.

Application and Analysis of Force Control Strategies to Deburring and Grinding

This paper aims to give an insight into the development and evaluation of force controlled machining processes with a commercially available setup. We will focus on a deburring and a grinding scenario, representing the major applications in today’s robot machining. Whereas the deburring use-case implements a force dependent feed-rate control, the grinding use-case implements an orthogonal force (pressure) control. Both strategies will be evaluated and the influence of general machining and robot specific parameters will be discussed.

Study of the Deburring Process for Low Carbon Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

In an appropriate electrochemical environment, the discrete thermal electron emission could be induced in the micro area due to the uneven distribution of electron flux on the anode surface. Thus an oxygen molecule could be ionized at the liquid-solid interface after collision, and then oxygen plasma with distribution characteristics would be formed. The plasma electrolytic oxidation（PEO） could happen at the liquid-solid interface. In this work, the low carbon steel was used to study the deburring process by PEO at a high frequency（70000 Hz）pulse DC mode. Its burr height H from 3.23 mm to 0.04 mm was removed to form a smooth surface within 6 min. The values of corrosion potential and current density for the untreated sample were -0.667 V and 6.735×10^（-5）A/cm^2, respectively. But for the treated sample, the corrosion potential and current density were relatively lower,-0.354 V and 1.19×10^（-7）A/cm^2.Therefore, PEO was expected to be a new deburring method of carbon steel for the material processing field.

Designing and Optimization of an Off-line Programming System for Robotic Belt Grinding Process

Off-line programming （OLP） system becomes one of the most important programming modules for the robotic belt grinding process, however there lacks research on increasing the grinding dexterous space depending on the OLP system. A new type of grinding robot and a novel robotic belt grinding workcell are forwarded, and their features are briefly introduced. An open and object-oriented off-line programming system is developed for this robotic belt grinding system. The parameters of the trimmed surface are read from the initial graphics exchange specification （IGES） file of the CAD model of the workpiece. The deBoor-Cox basis function is used to sample the grinding target with local contact frame on the workpiece. The numerical formula of inverse kinematics is set up based on Newton＇s iterative procedure, to calculate the grinding robot configurations corresponding to the grinding targets. After the grinding path is obtained, the OLP system turns to be more effective than the teach-by-showing system. In order to improve the grinding workspace, an optimization algorithm for dynamic tool frame is proposed and performed on the special robotic belt grinding system. The initial tool frame and the interval of neighboring tool frames are defined as the preparation of the algorithm. An optimized tool local frame can be selected to grind the complex surface for a maximum dexterity index of the robot. Under the optimization algorithm, a simulation of grinding a vane is included and comparison of grinding workspace is done before and after the tool frame optimization. By the algorithm, the grinding workspace can be enlarged. Moreover the dynamic tool frame can be considered to add one degree-of-freedom to the grinding kinematical chain, which provides the theoretical support for the improvement of robotic dexterity for the complex surface grinding.

An off-line simulation of land surface processes over the northern Tibetan Plateau

In order to further understand the land surface processes over the northern Tibetan Plateau, this study produced an off-line simulated examination at the Bujiao site on the northern Tibetan Plateau from June 2002 to April 2004, using the Noah Land Surface Model （Noah LSM） and observed data from the CAMP/Tibet experiment. The observed data were neces- sarily corrected and the number of soil layers in the Noah LSM was changed from 4 to 10 to enable this off-line simulation and analysis. The main conclusions are as follows： the Noah LSM performed well on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The simulated net radiation, upward longwave radiation, and upward shortwave radiation demonstrated the same remarkable annual and seasonal variation as the observed data, especially the upward longwave radiation. The simulated soil temperatures were acceptably close to the observed temperatures, especially in the shallow soil layers. The simulated freezing and melting processes were shown to start from the surface soil layer and spread down to the deep soil layers, but they took longer than the observed processes. However, Noah LSM did not adequately simulate the soil moisture. Therefore, additional high-quality, long-term observations of land surface-atmosphere processes over the Tibetan Plateau will be a key factor in proper adiustments of the model parameters in the future.

Burr Contour Recognition and Coordinates Sequence Real⁃Time Generation for Robotic Deburring Efficiency Optimization

The phenomenon of burring is common in the manufacturing of metal parts.This phenomenon directly influences the assembly accuracy and service performance of the mechanical parts.In this work,we propose a vision⁃based method for two⁃dimensional planar workpiece.The proposed technique has the ability to recognize burr contour and generate the coordinate sequence in real⁃time along x and y directions.The robotic deburring efficiency is improved based on the quantitative information of the burr size.First,by utilizing the local deformable template matching algorithm,we match the standard workpiece contour with the workpiece contour to be processed and compute the corresponding pixels distance between the two contours.Second,we set the distance thresholds in order to divide the burr contours into different levels.We extract the coordinates of the burr contours and map them to the standard workpiece contour.As a result,the closed⁃loop robotic deburring path sequence is generated.Finally,on the basis of the quantitative information of burr size,we adjust the deburring speed in real⁃time during the deburring process.The experiments performed in this work show that the deburring time of the proposed method is reduced by 15.45%,as compared with the conventional off⁃line programming deburring methods.Therefore,for industrial mass production,the deburring efficiency is greatly improved.

A word level segmentation for off-line Arabic characters

Segmentation of cursive text has been one of the major problems in Arabic writing. The problem is the shape of the letter which is context sensitive, depending on it’s location within a word. Many text recognition systems recognize text imagery at the character level and assemble words from the recognized characters. Unfortunately this approach does not work with Arabic text. In this paper we describe a new approach to segment Arabic text imagery at a word level, without analyzing individual characters. This approach avoids the problem of individual characters segmentation, and can overcome local errors in character recognition.

Off-line simulation of robot welding of radar pedestal

A study of the interference simulation based on robot welding of the radar pedestal was carried out by using the KUKA Sim Pro simulation software and off-line program technology. Compared with the actual robot welding process, it was found that the trajectory of the simulated robot welding process in line with that recorded in the actual welding process, and the actual limit and interference appeared at the same place as the simulation process. There was no interference phenomenon on the outside weld-seam; on the internal weld-seam, especially on the weld-joint of support plate connected to the cylinder, a phenomenon of interference appeared. It was helpful to use the simulation method to guide the actual robot welding so as to protect robot from impacting and reduce the weld defects.

Study on path planning and compensation of off-line programming for thick walled curve welding

Thick walled curve welding are usually joined by multi-layer and multi-pass welding, which quality and efficiency could be improved by off-line programming of robot welding. However, the precision of off-line programming welding path was decreased due to the deviation between the off-line planned welding path and the actual welding path. A path planning algorithm and a path compensation algorithm of multi-layer and multi-pass curve welding seam for off-line programming of robot welding are developed in this paper. Experimental results show that the robot off-line programming improves the welding efftcieney and precision for thick walled curve welding seam.

SPECTRAL TECHNIQUES FOR OFF-LINE TESTING AND DIAGNOSIS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS

In this paper we present some of our recent results on applications of spectral techniques over finite fields to the problems of testing and diagnosis of computer systems.

复杂内孔结构磨粒流加工的检测评价与优化

为提高军工零件的内孔加工的可靠性和加工质量,通过正交试验法,分析磨粒流加工中,磨料粒度、磨料质量分数、磨粒流工作压力和循环加工次数对阶梯内孔倒圆角半径、材料去除率、内孔表面粗糙度的影响规律,磨粒流工作压力是内孔倒圆角半径的首要影响因素,较为显著,材料去除率的首要影响因素是磨料质量分数,而内孔表面粗糙度的首要影响因素是循环加工次数,通过非线性回归分析建立了复杂内孔磨粒流加工效果评价的模型。以改进的带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)进行多目标工艺参数寻优,得到了综合平衡权重下的最佳工艺方案(磨料粒度1 000#,磨料质量分数为50%,工作压力为7.5 MPa,循环加工次数为30次),验证试验表明优化结果和实际加工效果具有较好的一致性。

钢管自动锯切去毛刺一体机关键技术研究及其设备设计

针对传统的钢管锯切、手动锯切的自动化程度低、生产效率低、人工成本高、锯切过程中产生的毛刺需要人工去除、不能保证加工质量等问题,文章设计了钢管自动锯切去毛刺一体机。经实践证明,该一体机可全面提升钢管锯切和去毛刺的自动化水平,提高加工效率,大幅降低设备成本和人工使用成本,保证加工质量,对同类企业的设备设计有一定的参考价值。

基于PCNN的角色表情动画去毛刺生成方法

为实现角色表情动画的情感体现,并有效去除动画边缘产生的锯齿形状的毛刺,提出基于PCNN的角色表情动画去毛刺生成方法。该方法采用PCNN网络分割采集的视频帧图像,去除图像中背景部分。将保留的部分人脸表情输入改进的深度学习模型中,提取人脸表情特征。引入风格和内容的双向约束,确定模型损失函数。融合提取的全部表情特征,生成角色表情动画。采用区域重构算法去除生成动画的边缘锯齿毛刺,保证动画生成效果。测试结果表明:图像分割性能良好,区域内部均匀性准则指标结果均在0.924以上,可清晰地保留部分人脸表情图像,能够依据真实人脸表情生成不同角色的表情动画;形状测度准则和皮尔逊相关系数指标最大值分别为0.994和0.957,可有效去除动画边缘毛刺,保证动画质量。

大型液体火箭喷管冷却通道机器人自动去毛刺系统

针对液体火箭发动机喷管冷却通道铣槽毛刺难去除的问题,设计并开发了一套喷管冷却通道机器人自动去毛刺系统。构建了异构系统协同控制体系架构,设计了数据与指令信号可靠传递的接口函数,解决了工业机器人与数控机床的运动协调问题。基于李群李代数理论,建立了火箭喷管去毛刺系统的运动学模型,推导了喷管在机测量数据与去毛刺执行器位姿间的数学关系。使用喷管外廓在机测量数据进行机器人轨迹规划,满足复杂曲面微量去除的机器人轨迹规划要求。通过对某型号喷管进行去毛刺实验并进行打磨前后的关键尺寸测量,表明该系统满足液体火箭发动机喷管冷却通道自动去毛刺的需求。

汽车板切边质量控制与改善

质量是钢铁企业的生存之本,全面提升产品质量、降低生产成本,是企业可持续发展的重要措施。对于高级别镀锌汽车板来说,表面质量要求更加严格,质量控制是汽车板生产的重中之重。高等级汽车板在经过连退或者镀锌热处理后需进行圆盘剪切边处理,以保证带钢达到客户的尺寸要求,良好的切边质量是客户稳定使用的保证。切边不良缺陷是汽车板生产过程中发生率较高的缺陷,需对容易造成切边不良缺陷的点位进行重点分析治理,并制定一系列缺陷预防与控制的措施,才能保证产品质量的稳定性。常见的切边不良缺陷主要由圆盘剪工艺参数不良、去毛刺辊效果不佳等原因造成。为提高圆盘剪切边质量及运行稳定性,对剪切过程中的亮印、划伤缺陷产生原因进行了深入分析和改善,通过优化剪刃切边参数、强化剪刃装配精度、匹配剪刃使用310、318 mm肖氏80度的5 mm倒直角上下压环、选用辊面直径为1000 mm的去毛刺辊等措施,汽车板的边部质量得到显著改善,切边不良率降低至0.5%以下。

Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection

Objective: To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.Methods: The AlCl3colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti-oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column(2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase(PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.Results: Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti-oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.