人工法off-line HDF对血液透析充分性和高同型半胱氨酸血症的影响

目的探究人工法off-line HDF对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者透析充分性、高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)的影响。方法随机选取2021至2023年于南昌大学第一附属高新医院血液透析中心稳定透析6个月以上的MHD患者30例,进行单中心自身对照研究,时长6个月。前3个月维持每周2次高通量血液透析(HFHD)联合1次on-line HDF,后3个月维持每周2次人工法off-line HDF联合1次on-line HDF。于研究第3个月、第6个月时用全自动生化分析仪检测透析前后血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2MG)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、白蛋白(Alb)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血红蛋白(Hb)、甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、磷(P)、钾(K)水平;计算血清尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、尿素下降率(URR)和β2MG清除率。结果人工法off-line HDF模式透析的Kt/V、URR及β2MG清除率均较显著高于HFHD模式透析(P<0.05);人工法off-lineHDF模式透析Kt/V、URR及β2MG清除率达到透析充分的百分率分别为83.33%、83.33%和93.33%,均显著高于HFHD模式透析(P<0.05)。与HFHD模式透析时相比,人工法off-lineHDF模式透析结束后,患者透析前Hcy水平降低,Alb水平升高(P<0.05)。结论人工法off-line HDF模式透析可显著增加Kt/V、URR和β2MG清除率,提高MHD患者的透析充分性达标率,且对HHcy具有改善作用。

A Novel High-Efficiency Transaction Verification Scheme for Blockchain Systems

Blockchain can realize the reliable storage of a large amount of data that is chronologically related and verifiable within the system.This technology has been widely used and has developed rapidly in big data systems across various fields.An increasing number of users are participating in application systems that use blockchain as their underlying architecture.As the number of transactions and the capital involved in blockchain grow,ensuring information security becomes imperative.Addressing the verification of transactional information security and privacy has emerged as a critical challenge.Blockchain-based verification methods can effectively eliminate the need for centralized third-party organizations.However,the efficiency of nodes in storing and verifying blockchain data faces unprecedented challenges.To address this issue,this paper introduces an efficient verification scheme for transaction security.Initially,it presents a node evaluation module to estimate the activity level of user nodes participating in transactions,accompanied by a probabilistic analysis for all transactions.Subsequently,this paper optimizes the conventional transaction organization form,introduces a heterogeneous Merkle tree storage structure,and designs algorithms for constructing these heterogeneous trees.Theoretical analyses and simulation experiments conclusively demonstrate the superior performance of this scheme.When verifying the same number of transactions,the heterogeneous Merkle tree transmits less data and is more efficient than traditional methods.The findings indicate that the heterogeneous Merkle tree structure is suitable for various blockchain applications,including the Internet of Things.This scheme can markedly enhance the efficiency of information verification and bolster the security of distributed systems.

Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs

With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.

TRADE DEPENDENCIES AND TRANSACTION COSTS: THE OC-CUPATION OF DECELEA HIGHLIGHTS BOTH THE BENEFITS AND THE DRAWBACKS OF A MARITIME ECONOMY

Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consensus that sea transport was far cheaper than land transport.This paper contends that the cost of protecting supply lines-specifically the expenses associated with the warships which escorted the supply ships-rendered the grain transported on the new route exceptionally costly.In this paper,the benefits and drawbacks of a maritime economy,including transaction costs,trade dependencies,and the capabilities of warships and supply ships are discussed.

Current Trends in the Management of Distributed Transactions in Micro-Services Architectures: A Systematic Literature Review

In the evolving landscape of software engineering, Microservice Architecture (MSA) has emerged as a transformative approach, facilitating enhanced scalability, agility, and independent service deployment. This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the current state of distributed transaction management within MSA, focusing on the unique challenges, strategies, and technologies utilized in this domain. By synthesizing findings from 16 primary studies selected based on rigorous criteria, the review identifies key trends and best practices for maintaining data consistency and integrity across microservices. This SLR provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities associated with distributed transactions in MSA, offering actionable insights and potential research directions for software architects, developers, and researchers.

Impact of Sedation Protocols on Elderly Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation and Off-Line Weaning

The proportion of elderly patients in intensive care is increasing, and a significant proportion of them require mechanical ventilation. How to implement safe and effective mechanical ventilation for elderly patients, and when appropriate off-line is an important issue in the field of critical care medicine. Appropriate sedation can improve patient outcomes, but excessive sedation may lead to prolonged mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of complications. Elderly patients should be closely monitored and evaluated on an individual basis while offline, and the sedation regimen should be dynamically adjusted. This requires the healthcare team to consider the patient’s sedation needs, disease status, and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug to arrive at the best strategy. Although the current research has provided valuable insights and strategies for sedation and off-line management, there are still many problems to be further explored and solved.

Effects of on-line solution and off-line heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy

The effects of on-line solution, off-line solution and aging heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the die-cast AZ91D alloys were investigated. Brinell hardness of die-cast AZ91D alloy increases through on-line solution and off-line aging treatment but decreases after off-line solution treatment. By X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, it is found that the microstructures of the die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy before and after on-line solution and off-line aging are similar, consisting of α-Mg and β-Al12Mg17. The precipitation of Al element is prevented by on-line solution so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases precipitate from supersaturated Mg solid solution after off-line aging treatment, and lead to microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy, so the effect of precipitation hardening is enhanced. The β-Al12Mg17 phases dissolve in the substructure after off-line solution treatment, which leads to that the grain boundary strengthening phase is reduced significantly and the hardness of die cast AZ91D is reduced.

Transaction在PAR平台中的实现方法及应用研究

随着电子商务和金融软件应用日益广泛,提高这类软件系统的可靠性和安全性就显得特别重要。虽然能够提高这类软件可靠性的事务处理技术早在数据库管理系统中普遍使用,近几年在Java软件开发环境中也新增了事务处理接口JTA,但是在基于模型驱动架构设计的建模语言中嵌入事务处理机制的成功案例尚不多见。论文在已有体现模型驱动软件架构思想的PAR方法和PAR平台中,融入抽象事务处理机制,并使用融入了事务处理机制的PAR平台及其建模语言开发了具有事务处理功能的金融软件模型,通过PAR平台的模型自动转换工具生成了Java和SQL程序。实验证明融入了事务处理机制的PAR方法和PAR平台具有建模简单、实用,软件开发效率高,便于形式化推导和证明等特点。

A Semantics-based Cooperative Transaction Model

In CSCW system, there are many long-time, cooperative, interactive transactions. Traditional transaction model and advanced transaction model do not effectively support transaction processing in CSCW system. In this paper, a semantics-based cooperative transaction model(SCTM) is put forward. This model is based on the semantics information of cooperative process and data objects, and can satisfy the demands of transaction processing in CSCW system.

分布式水文-土壤-植被模式的改进及气候水文Off-line模拟试验

文中对引进的高分辨率 (94 2 .5m× 94 2 .5m)分布式水文 土壤 植被模式 (DHSVM) ,针对海、滦河流域的特点进行了改进 ,主要包括 :(1)改变蒸散发模拟方法 ,用改进的Penman Monteith模式模拟海滦河流域的蒸发 ,较好地模拟出 1a内的两个峰值 ,最大值出现在 4～ 6月 ,次大值出现在 7～ 8月 ;(2 )改变水文模式结构 ,用多站点气候观测资料内插到模式网格点 ,充分实现了分布式水文模拟 ;(3)发展新的水文、植被、土壤参数化方案 ,对 33个参数分区计算和确定 ,并重点对土壤孔隙度 φ、土壤蓄水能力θfc、叶面指数LAI、随机阻抗γs 等 11个参数进行调试和修订 ,提高了水文模拟精度。用改进的DHSVM模式分别对滦河、桑干河流域蒸散发、地下水位、土壤湿度、土壤水下渗、产流、汇流与径流等水文过程进行Off line模拟试验 ,模拟结果与实测值一致性较好 ,滦河流域 1979～ 1991年、桑干河流域 1979～ 1987年水文模拟效率系数分别为 0 .89和 0 .82 。

基于Transaction模式的SoC软硬件协同验证策略

SoC的验证越来越成为集成电路发展的突出问题,而传统的信号级别的验证方法由于工作量巨大,已经很难满足系统的要求。研究了基于Transaction模式的验证方法,并通过开发的验证平台,用实验进行了验证。该方法在Transaction级别上实现对系统的验证,提高了验证速度,可以缩短设计周期,降低设计成本。

A Land Surface Model(IAP94) for Climate Studies PartI:Formulation and Validation in Off-line Experiments

The IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) land-surface model (IAP94) is described. This model is a comprehensive one with detailed description for the processes of vegetation, snow and soil. Particular attention has been paid to the cases with three water phases in the surface media. On the basis of the mixture theory and the theory of fluid dynamics of porous media, the system of universal conservational equations for water and heat of soil, snow and vegetation canopy has been constructed. On this background, all important factors that may affect the water and heat balance in media can be considered naturally, and each factor and term possess distinct physical meaning. In the computation of water content and temperature, the water phase change and the heat transportation by water flow are taken into account. Moreover, particular attention has been given to the water vapor diffusion in soil for arid or semi-arid cases, and snow compaction. In the treatment of surface turbulent fluxes, the difference between aerodynamic and thermal roughness is taken into account. The aerodynamic roughness of vegetation is calculated as a function of canopy density, height and zero-plane displacement. An extrapolation of log linear and exponential relationship is used when calculating the wind profile within canopy. The model has been validated against field measurements in off-line simulations. The desirable model′s performance leads to the conclusion that the IAP94 is able to reproduce the main physical mechanisms governing the energy and water balances in the global land surface. Part II of the present study will concern the validation in a 3-D experiment coupled with the IAP Two-Level AGCM.

Designing and Optimization of an Off-line Programming System for Robotic Belt Grinding Process

Off-line programming （OLP） system becomes one of the most important programming modules for the robotic belt grinding process, however there lacks research on increasing the grinding dexterous space depending on the OLP system. A new type of grinding robot and a novel robotic belt grinding workcell are forwarded, and their features are briefly introduced. An open and object-oriented off-line programming system is developed for this robotic belt grinding system. The parameters of the trimmed surface are read from the initial graphics exchange specification （IGES） file of the CAD model of the workpiece. The deBoor-Cox basis function is used to sample the grinding target with local contact frame on the workpiece. The numerical formula of inverse kinematics is set up based on Newton＇s iterative procedure, to calculate the grinding robot configurations corresponding to the grinding targets. After the grinding path is obtained, the OLP system turns to be more effective than the teach-by-showing system. In order to improve the grinding workspace, an optimization algorithm for dynamic tool frame is proposed and performed on the special robotic belt grinding system. The initial tool frame and the interval of neighboring tool frames are defined as the preparation of the algorithm. An optimized tool local frame can be selected to grind the complex surface for a maximum dexterity index of the robot. Under the optimization algorithm, a simulation of grinding a vane is included and comparison of grinding workspace is done before and after the tool frame optimization. By the algorithm, the grinding workspace can be enlarged. Moreover the dynamic tool frame can be considered to add one degree-of-freedom to the grinding kinematical chain, which provides the theoretical support for the improvement of robotic dexterity for the complex surface grinding.

A Storage Optimization Scheme for Blockchain Transaction Databases

As the typical peer-to-peer distributed networks, blockchain systemsrequire each node to copy a complete transaction database, so as to ensure newtransactions can by verified independently. In a blockchain system (e.g., bitcoinsystem), the node does not rely on any central organization, and every node keepsan entire copy of the transaction database. However, this feature determines thatthe size of blockchain transaction database is growing rapidly. Therefore, with thecontinuous system operations, the node memory also needs to be expanded tosupport the system running. Especially in the big data era, the increasing networktraffic will lead to faster transaction growth rate. This paper analyzes blockchaintransaction databases and proposes a storage optimization scheme. The proposedscheme divides blockchain transaction database into cold zone and hot zone usingexpiration recognition method based on Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm. Itcan achieve storage optimization by moving unspent transaction outputs outsidethe in-memory transaction databases. We present the theoretical analysis on theoptimization method to validate the effectiveness. Extensive experiments showour proposed method outperforms the current mechanism for the blockchaintransaction databases.

Nested Transaction Concurrency Control in Parallel Real-Time Dat-abases

An integrated method for concurrency control in parallel real-time databases has been proposed in this paper. The nested transaction model has been investigated to offer more atomic execution units and finer grained control within in a transaction. Based on the classical nested locking protocol and the speculative concurrency control approach, a two-shadow adaptive concurrency control protocol, which combines the Sacrifice based Optimistic Concurrency Control (OPT-Sacrifice) and High Priority two-phase locking (HP2PL) algorithms together to support both optimistic and pessimistic shadow of each sub-transaction, has been proposed to increase the likelihood of successful timely commitment and to avoid unnecessary replication overload.

Implementation of Transaction Level AMBA Bus Models Using SystemC

This paper deals with how to implement AMBA bus transaction level modeling in SystemC. There are two main techniques used in the whole modeling process, which consist of starting the platform modeling at the transaction level and using the uniformed modeling language— System C. According to the concepts of interface, port and hierarchical channel introduced in SystemC 2.0, the system of master-channel (AMBA bus) slave is created as the architecture of the AMBA bus transaction level model, which can make it more extendable. The port and interface classes of the model that are prone to program are defined in accordance with the SoC hierarchical design methodology. In addition, method calls, not signal communication, are used between different modules in the model, so the higher-level abstraction is achieved and the simulation performance is improved. The AMBA bus transaction level model is analyzed and certified by simulation experiment, and proved to be completely compliant to the AMBA specification 2.0. Key words AMBA - transaction level - SystemC - SoC CLC number TP 393 Foundation item: Supported by the National High Technology Development 863 Program of China (2002AA1Z1490)Biography: He Zhen (1979-), male, Master candidate, research direction: system level modeling in SoC hardware/software co-design.

Design of ECC based Secured Cloud Storage Mechanism for Transaction Rich Applications

Cloud computing is the highly demanded technology nowadays.Due to the service oriented architecture,seamless accessibility and other advantages of this advent technology,many transaction rich applications are making use of it.At the same time,it is vulnerable to hacks and threats.Hence securing this environment is of at most important and many research works are being reported focusing on it.This paper proposes a safe storage mechanism using Elliptic curve cryptography(ECC)for the Transaction Rich Applications(TRA).With ECC based security scheme,the security level of the protected system will be increased and it is more suitable to secure the delivered data in the portable devices.The proposed scheme shields the aligning of different kind of data elements to each provider using an ECC algorithm.Analysis,comparison and simulation prove that the proposed system is more effective and secure for the Transaction rich applications in Cloud.

Optimal proportional reinsurance and dividend payments with transaction costs and internal competition

We study the dividend optimization problem for an insurance company under the consideration of internal competition between different units inside company and transaction costs when dividends occur. The management of the company controls the reinsurance rate, the timing and the amount of dividends paid out to maximize the expected total dividends paid out to the shareholders until ruin time. By solving the corresponding quasi-variational inequality, we obtain the optimal return function and the optimal strategy.

Data Flow&Transaction Mode Classification and An Explorative Estimation on Data Storage&Transaction Volume

The public has shown great interest in the data factor and data transactions,but the current attention is overly focused on personal behavioral data and transactions happening at Data Exchanges.To deliver a complete picture of data flaw and transaction,this paper presents a systematic overview of the flow and transaction of personal,corporate and public data on the basis of data factor classification from various perspectives.By utilizing various sources of information,this paper estimates the volume of data generation&storage and the volume&trend of data market transactions for major economies in the world with the following findings:(i)Data classification is diverse due to a broad variety of applying scenarios,and data transaction and profit distribution are complex due to heterogenous entities,ownerships,information density and other attributes of different data types.(ii)Global data transaction has presented with the characteristics of productization,servitization and platform-based mode.(iii)For major economies,there is a commonly observed disequilibrium between data generation scale and storage scale,which is particularly striking for China.(i^v)The global data market is in a nascent stage of rapid development with a transaction volume of about 100 billion US dollars,and China s data market is even more underdeveloped and only accounts for some 10%of the world total.All sectors of the society should be flly aware of the diversity and complexity of data factor classification and data transactions,as well as the arduous and long-term nature of developing and improving relevant institutional systems.Adapting to such features,efforts should be made to improve data classification,enhance computing infrastructure development,foster professional data transaction and development institutions,and perfect the data governance system.

FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTION PRICING WITH PROPORTIONAL TRANSACTION COSTS

The purpose of present work is to examine the financial problem of finding the universal reservation prices of a European call option written on exchange rate when there is proportional transaction costs of trading foreign currency in the market. An approach is suggested to compute the reservation bid-ask price of foreign currency call option based on maximizing the investor＇s expected utility. Option prices are determined from the investor＇s basic portfolio selection problem, without the need to solve a more complex optimization problem involving the insertion of the option payoffs into the terminal value function. Option prices are computed numerically in a Markov chain approximation for the case of exponential utility. Numerical results show that the option price bounds are almost independent of the alternative risk aversion parameter, but the bounds of NT region becomes narrower and the range of values of the initial holding for which the fair price lies within the bid-ask spread is shifted to a lower value when the risk aversion parameter increases.