A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the...A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the succeeding reversed phase(RP) chromatography can be individually optimized, contrasted to the on-line system. The experimental results show that the mass fractions of acetonitrile for the SCX separation can be increased form 5% as references reported up to 20% so that the separation of peptides has been substantially improved. The off line system has been applied to the analysis of proteins extracted from the cancer tissue of nude mice inoculated by a human-hepatocellular-carcinoma cell-line D20. Some extreme basic proteins(pI>10) and larger proteins(M w>200 000), which are difficult to be isolated by the traditional 2D-PAGE method, have been identified in D20 sample.展开更多
With the rapid development of information technology, it appears that a single online channel or a single offline is not able to meet the consumers＇ shopping needs, the enterprises will have a better development only...With the rapid development of information technology, it appears that a single online channel or a single offline is not able to meet the consumers＇ shopping needs, the enterprises will have a better development only by making the online and offline channels be in fusion and promote each other. This paper will combine the general business modes with corporate channel integration pattern, build out different forms of the market mode including market, enterprise and customers basing on different influence level, and analyze out the enterprise how to implement the business mode of integration basing on the influence factors under the background of different businessmodes, then apply the corresponding O2Oprocess to the mode, so as to broaden the enterprise selling channels for a better development.展开更多
The dynamic traveling salesman problem(DTSP)is significant in logistics distribution in real-world applications in smart cities,but it is uncertain and difficult to solve.This paper proposes a scheme library-based ant...The dynamic traveling salesman problem(DTSP)is significant in logistics distribution in real-world applications in smart cities,but it is uncertain and difficult to solve.This paper proposes a scheme library-based ant colony optimization(ACO)with a two-optimization(2-opt)strategy to solve the DTSP efficiently.The work is novel and contributes to three aspects:problemmodel,optimization framework,and algorithmdesign.Firstly,in the problem model,traditional DTSP models often consider the change of travel distance between two nodes over time,while this paper focuses on a special DTSP model in that the node locations change dynamically over time.Secondly,in the optimization framework,the ACO algorithm is carried out in an offline optimization and online application framework to efficiently reuse the historical information to help fast respond to the dynamic environment.The framework of offline optimization and online application is proposed due to the fact that the environmental change inDTSPis caused by the change of node location,and therefore the newenvironment is somehowsimilar to certain previous environments.This way,in the offline optimization,the solutions for possible environmental changes are optimized in advance,and are stored in a mode scheme library.In the online application,when an environmental change is detected,the candidate solutions stored in the mode scheme library are reused via ACO to improve search efficiency and reduce computational complexity.Thirdly,in the algorithm design,the ACO cooperates with the 2-opt strategy to enhance search efficiency.To evaluate the performance of ACO with 2-opt,we design two challenging DTSP cases with up to 200 and 1379 nodes and compare them with other ACO and genetic algorithms.The experimental results show that ACO with 2-opt can solve the DTSPs effectively.展开更多
黄连是临床常用药材,在中医药中被广泛应用,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功,中药成分比较复杂,细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)同工酶是药物的主要代谢酶,研究黄连对CYP450酶的影响具有很重要的临床意义。实验选用大鼠肝脏组织,差速...黄连是临床常用药材,在中医药中被广泛应用,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功,中药成分比较复杂,细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)同工酶是药物的主要代谢酶,研究黄连对CYP450酶的影响具有很重要的临床意义。实验选用大鼠肝脏组织,差速离心法分离肝微粒体,BCA(bicinchoninic acid)蛋白定量,应用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification,iTRAQ)技术结合2D-LC-MS/MS筛选差异蛋白。黄连一共鉴定出30个CYP450同工酶,7个表达上调,8个表达下调,15个没有发生变化。iTRAQ技术结合2D-LC-MS/MS可以全面研究CYP450酶,但黄连有必要进一步在体外水平对其进行评价,预防潜在的临床药物相互作用。展开更多
AIM: To analyze proteomic and signal transduction alterations in irradiated melanoma cells. METHODS: We combined stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with highly sensitive shotgun tandem ma...AIM: To analyze proteomic and signal transduction alterations in irradiated melanoma cells. METHODS: We combined stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with highly sensitive shotgun tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to create an efficient approach for protein quantification. Protein protein interaction was used to analyze relationships among proteins. RESULTS: Energy metabolism protein levels were significantly different in glycolysis and not significantly different in oxidative phosphorylation after irradiation. Conversely, tumor suppressor proteins related to cell growth and development were downregulated, and those related to cell death and cell cycle were upregulated in irradiated cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that irradiation induces differential expression of the 29 identified proteins closely related to cell survival, cell cycle arrest, and growth inhibition. The data may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma and guide appropriate radiotherapy.展开更多
Background:The human brain is the most complex organ in the body,and it is important to have a better understanding of how the protein composition in the brain regions contributes to the pathogenesis of associated neu...Background:The human brain is the most complex organ in the body,and it is important to have a better understanding of how the protein composition in the brain regions contributes to the pathogenesis of associated neurological disorders.Methods:In this study,a comparative analysis of the frontal and temporal cortex proteomes was conducted by isobaric tags of relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)labeling and two-dimensional liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(2D LC-MS/MS).Brain protein was taken from relatively normal tissue that could not be avoided of damage during emergent surgery of the TBI(traumatic brain injury)patients admitted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2014 to 2017.Eight cases were included.Four frontal lobes and 4 temporal lobes proteome were analyzed and the proteins were quantitated.Gene Ontology(GO),Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA),and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were used to analyze the biological function of identified proteins,unchanged proteins,and differentially expressed proteins(DEPs).Results:A total number of 2127 protein groups were identified in the frontal and temporal lobe proteomes.A total of 1709 proteins could be quantitated in both the frontal and temporal cortex.Among 90 DEPs,14 proteins were screened highly expressed in the temporal cortex,including MAPT,SNCG,ATP5IF1,GAP43,HSPE1,STMN1,NDUFS6,LDHB,SNCB,NDUFA7,MRPS36,EPDR1,CISD1,and RALA.In addition,compared to proteins expressed in the frontal cortex,14 proteins including EDC4,NIT2,VWF,ASTN1,TGM2,SSB,CLU,HBA1,STOM,CRP,LRG1,SAA2,S100A4,and VTN were a low expression in the temporal cortex.The biological process enrichment showed that unchanged proteins between the frontal and temporal cortex mainly take part in regulated exocytosis,axon guidance,and vesicle-mediated transport.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that unchanged proteins between the frontal and temporal cortex mainly take part in oxidative phosphorylation,carbon metabolism,Huntington’s disease,and Parkinson’s disease.Conclusions:The majority of proteins are unchanged between the frontal and temporal cortex,and unchanged proteins are closely related to its function.Among DEPs,MATP(tau)is upregulated in the temporal cortex,closely related to Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and is one of the targets for the treatment of AD.CLU is downregulated in the temporal cortex which functions as an extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non-native proteins.It was suggested that the temporal lobe may not be the“functional dumb area”of the traditional view,but could be involved in important neural metabolic circuits.展开更多
The cross sections of the^(121)Sb(n,2n)^(120)Sb^(m) and ^(123)Sb(n,2n)^(122)Sb reactions were measured at 12.50,15.79 and 18.87 MeV neutron energies relative to the standard ^(27)Al(n,α)^(24)Na monitor reaction using...The cross sections of the^(121)Sb(n,2n)^(120)Sb^(m) and ^(123)Sb(n,2n)^(122)Sb reactions were measured at 12.50,15.79 and 18.87 MeV neutron energies relative to the standard ^(27)Al(n,α)^(24)Na monitor reaction using neutron activation and offline γ-ray spectrometry.Irradiation of the samples was performed at the BARC-TIFR Pelletron Linac Facility,Mumbai,India.The quasi-monoenergetic neutrons were generated via the ^(7)Li(p,n)reaction.Statistical model calculations were performed by nuclear reaction codes TALYS(ver.1.9)and EMPIRE(ver.3.2.2)using various input parameters and nuclear level density models.The cross sections of the ground and the isomeric state as well as the isomeric cross section ratio were studied theoretically from reaction threshold to 26 MeV energies.The effect of pre-equilibrium emission is also discussed in detail using different theoretical models.The present measured cross sections were discussed and compared with the reported experimental data and evaluation data of the JEFF-3.3,ENDF/B-VIII.0,JENDL/AD-2017 and TENDL-2019 libraries.A detailed analysis of the uncertainties in the measured cross section data was performed using the covariance analysis method.Furthermore,a systematic study of the(n,2n)reaction cross section for^(121)Sb and^(123)Sb isotopes was also performed within 14-15 MeV neutron energies using various systematic formulae.This work helps to overcome discrepancies in Sb data and illustrate a better understanding of pre-equilibrium emission in the(n,2n)reaction channel.展开更多
文摘A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the succeeding reversed phase(RP) chromatography can be individually optimized, contrasted to the on-line system. The experimental results show that the mass fractions of acetonitrile for the SCX separation can be increased form 5% as references reported up to 20% so that the separation of peptides has been substantially improved. The off line system has been applied to the analysis of proteins extracted from the cancer tissue of nude mice inoculated by a human-hepatocellular-carcinoma cell-line D20. Some extreme basic proteins(pI>10) and larger proteins(M w>200 000), which are difficult to be isolated by the traditional 2D-PAGE method, have been identified in D20 sample.
文摘With the rapid development of information technology, it appears that a single online channel or a single offline is not able to meet the consumers＇ shopping needs, the enterprises will have a better development only by making the online and offline channels be in fusion and promote each other. This paper will combine the general business modes with corporate channel integration pattern, build out different forms of the market mode including market, enterprise and customers basing on different influence level, and analyze out the enterprise how to implement the business mode of integration basing on the influence factors under the background of different businessmodes, then apply the corresponding O2Oprocess to the mode, so as to broaden the enterprise selling channels for a better development.
基金supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021H1D3A2A01082705).
文摘The dynamic traveling salesman problem(DTSP)is significant in logistics distribution in real-world applications in smart cities,but it is uncertain and difficult to solve.This paper proposes a scheme library-based ant colony optimization(ACO)with a two-optimization(2-opt)strategy to solve the DTSP efficiently.The work is novel and contributes to three aspects:problemmodel,optimization framework,and algorithmdesign.Firstly,in the problem model,traditional DTSP models often consider the change of travel distance between two nodes over time,while this paper focuses on a special DTSP model in that the node locations change dynamically over time.Secondly,in the optimization framework,the ACO algorithm is carried out in an offline optimization and online application framework to efficiently reuse the historical information to help fast respond to the dynamic environment.The framework of offline optimization and online application is proposed due to the fact that the environmental change inDTSPis caused by the change of node location,and therefore the newenvironment is somehowsimilar to certain previous environments.This way,in the offline optimization,the solutions for possible environmental changes are optimized in advance,and are stored in a mode scheme library.In the online application,when an environmental change is detected,the candidate solutions stored in the mode scheme library are reused via ACO to improve search efficiency and reduce computational complexity.Thirdly,in the algorithm design,the ACO cooperates with the 2-opt strategy to enhance search efficiency.To evaluate the performance of ACO with 2-opt,we design two challenging DTSP cases with up to 200 and 1379 nodes and compare them with other ACO and genetic algorithms.The experimental results show that ACO with 2-opt can solve the DTSPs effectively.
文摘黄连是临床常用药材,在中医药中被广泛应用,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功,中药成分比较复杂,细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)同工酶是药物的主要代谢酶,研究黄连对CYP450酶的影响具有很重要的临床意义。实验选用大鼠肝脏组织,差速离心法分离肝微粒体,BCA(bicinchoninic acid)蛋白定量,应用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification,iTRAQ)技术结合2D-LC-MS/MS筛选差异蛋白。黄连一共鉴定出30个CYP450同工酶,7个表达上调,8个表达下调,15个没有发生变化。iTRAQ技术结合2D-LC-MS/MS可以全面研究CYP450酶,但黄连有必要进一步在体外水平对其进行评价,预防潜在的临床药物相互作用。
基金The Foundation for Young Talents of Gansu Province, China (No. 1208RJYA013)
文摘AIM: To analyze proteomic and signal transduction alterations in irradiated melanoma cells. METHODS: We combined stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with highly sensitive shotgun tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to create an efficient approach for protein quantification. Protein protein interaction was used to analyze relationships among proteins. RESULTS: Energy metabolism protein levels were significantly different in glycolysis and not significantly different in oxidative phosphorylation after irradiation. Conversely, tumor suppressor proteins related to cell growth and development were downregulated, and those related to cell death and cell cycle were upregulated in irradiated cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that irradiation induces differential expression of the 29 identified proteins closely related to cell survival, cell cycle arrest, and growth inhibition. The data may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma and guide appropriate radiotherapy.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China grant(2012CB825505)。
文摘Background:The human brain is the most complex organ in the body,and it is important to have a better understanding of how the protein composition in the brain regions contributes to the pathogenesis of associated neurological disorders.Methods:In this study,a comparative analysis of the frontal and temporal cortex proteomes was conducted by isobaric tags of relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)labeling and two-dimensional liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(2D LC-MS/MS).Brain protein was taken from relatively normal tissue that could not be avoided of damage during emergent surgery of the TBI(traumatic brain injury)patients admitted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2014 to 2017.Eight cases were included.Four frontal lobes and 4 temporal lobes proteome were analyzed and the proteins were quantitated.Gene Ontology(GO),Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA),and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were used to analyze the biological function of identified proteins,unchanged proteins,and differentially expressed proteins(DEPs).Results:A total number of 2127 protein groups were identified in the frontal and temporal lobe proteomes.A total of 1709 proteins could be quantitated in both the frontal and temporal cortex.Among 90 DEPs,14 proteins were screened highly expressed in the temporal cortex,including MAPT,SNCG,ATP5IF1,GAP43,HSPE1,STMN1,NDUFS6,LDHB,SNCB,NDUFA7,MRPS36,EPDR1,CISD1,and RALA.In addition,compared to proteins expressed in the frontal cortex,14 proteins including EDC4,NIT2,VWF,ASTN1,TGM2,SSB,CLU,HBA1,STOM,CRP,LRG1,SAA2,S100A4,and VTN were a low expression in the temporal cortex.The biological process enrichment showed that unchanged proteins between the frontal and temporal cortex mainly take part in regulated exocytosis,axon guidance,and vesicle-mediated transport.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that unchanged proteins between the frontal and temporal cortex mainly take part in oxidative phosphorylation,carbon metabolism,Huntington’s disease,and Parkinson’s disease.Conclusions:The majority of proteins are unchanged between the frontal and temporal cortex,and unchanged proteins are closely related to its function.Among DEPs,MATP(tau)is upregulated in the temporal cortex,closely related to Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and is one of the targets for the treatment of AD.CLU is downregulated in the temporal cortex which functions as an extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non-native proteins.It was suggested that the temporal lobe may not be the“functional dumb area”of the traditional view,but could be involved in important neural metabolic circuits.
基金IUAC New Delhi financial assistance through a research project (IUAC/XIII.7/UFR-60321)
文摘The cross sections of the^(121)Sb(n,2n)^(120)Sb^(m) and ^(123)Sb(n,2n)^(122)Sb reactions were measured at 12.50,15.79 and 18.87 MeV neutron energies relative to the standard ^(27)Al(n,α)^(24)Na monitor reaction using neutron activation and offline γ-ray spectrometry.Irradiation of the samples was performed at the BARC-TIFR Pelletron Linac Facility,Mumbai,India.The quasi-monoenergetic neutrons were generated via the ^(7)Li(p,n)reaction.Statistical model calculations were performed by nuclear reaction codes TALYS(ver.1.9)and EMPIRE(ver.3.2.2)using various input parameters and nuclear level density models.The cross sections of the ground and the isomeric state as well as the isomeric cross section ratio were studied theoretically from reaction threshold to 26 MeV energies.The effect of pre-equilibrium emission is also discussed in detail using different theoretical models.The present measured cross sections were discussed and compared with the reported experimental data and evaluation data of the JEFF-3.3,ENDF/B-VIII.0,JENDL/AD-2017 and TENDL-2019 libraries.A detailed analysis of the uncertainties in the measured cross section data was performed using the covariance analysis method.Furthermore,a systematic study of the(n,2n)reaction cross section for^(121)Sb and^(123)Sb isotopes was also performed within 14-15 MeV neutron energies using various systematic formulae.This work helps to overcome discrepancies in Sb data and illustrate a better understanding of pre-equilibrium emission in the(n,2n)reaction channel.
