Improvement of (Eruca sativa Mill) yield, oil, chemical constituents and antioxidant activity utilizing a by-product of yeast production (CMS) with zinc and boron under salinity stress conditions

The impact of low-quality irrigation water on plant development has garnered significant attention from researchers. In light of this, two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, yield, oil production and composition, as well as active constituents of Rocket(Eruca sativa Mill) cultivated in calcareous soil under saline water irrigation. Foliar sprays containing condensed molasses soluble(CMS), zinc(Zn), and boron(B) alone or in combination were used for irrigation. The data obtained from measuring various parameters of Rocket following foliar spraying with CMS, Zn, B or their combinations demonstrated that most treatments resulted in a significant increase in these parameters. The highest values for most measurements were observed when foliar application included all three components(CMS + Zn + B), resulting in a seed yield of 184.6 g/m2and an oil content of 675.3 kg/ha. Compared to the control group, the macronutrient content of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca increased by 34.4%, 56%, 42%, 45%, and 39% respectively in the seeds treated with these components.Furthermore, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics flavonoids, and antioxidants showed increases of 24%, 34%,21%, 43%, and 28% respectively compared to the control group. Gas-liquid chromatography analysis identified ten components present in the seed oil characterized by higher unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 81.28% to92.28% and lower saturated fatty acids ranging from 6.72% to 8.21%. Therefore, foliar spray application including CMS, zinc, and boron can help alleviate salinity effects on Rocket plants grown under saline water irrigation conditions while improving growth, yield, oil production, and nutritional content such as total carbohydrates, proteins, and macronutrients levels.

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with supplemental irrigation to improve seed yield and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.

The Role of Humic Acid and Proline on Growth, Chemical Constituents and Yield Quantity and Quality of Three Flax Cultivars Grown under Saline Soil Conditions

In order to mitigate the salinity effects on flax grown on moderate saline sandy soil (3275 - 3430 ppm) and irrigated with moderate saline water (2300 - 2460 ppm) field experiments were carried out at the experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wadi El-Natrun district El-Behera Governorate—Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Three flax varieties (Opal, Giza-8 and Mayic) were grown and treated with some chemical additives humic acid (50 kg/fed) and/or foliar applied proline (Control, 50 and 100 mg/L). The results showed the positive responses of Giza-8 variety to the combined application of humic acid and proline and mitigated the salinity effects of soil and irrigation water and reflected on most of the studied characters. Such results indicate the potentiality of mitigation the hazardous effect of salinity with these chemical additives. The data indicated that the highest seed yield, straw yield and oil yield were obtained at humic acid (50 kg/fed) with foliar treatment of proline at rate of (100 mg/L). The interaction of proline at (100 mg/L) with humic acid at rate of (50 kg/fed) improved plant fresh and dry weight in all flax cultivars under salinity conditions. Fresh weight increased by 66.6%, 48.7% and 65.5% over controls for Opal, Giza-8 and Mayic varieties, respectively. The interaction of proline at (100 mg/L) with humic acid at rate of (50 kg/fed) with Giza-8 variety gave the highest values of seed yield, straw yield and oil yield.

Effects of mepiquat chloride on yield and main properties of cottonseed under different plant densities

Background:Cottonseed oil and protein content as well as germination traits are major indicators of seed quality.However,the responses of these indicators to plant density and mepiquat chloride(MC)are still uncertain.To investigate plant density and MC effects on cotto nseed yield and main quality parameters,we con ducted a twoyear field experiment including four plant densities(1.35,2.55,3.75 and 4.95 plants·m^-2)and two closes of MC(0 and 135g·hm^-2)in Dafeng,Jiangsu Province,in 2013 and 2014.Results:The application of MC reduced plant height,fruit branch length and fruiting branch number under different plant densities,resulting in a lower and more compact plant canopy.Cottonseed yield showed a nonlinear increase as plant density increasing and achieved the highest value at 3.75 plants·m^-2,regardless of MC application.No significant interactio ns were found between plant density and MC for cotton seed yield and quality parameters.The 100-seed weight,cottonseed oil content and vigor index significantly decreased as plant density increased,while these parameters significantly increased with MC applying under different plant densities.Seed vigor index was positively correlated with 100-seed weight and seed oil con tent across different plant densities and MC treatments.Conclusions:Thus,application of MC could realize a win-win situation between cottonseed yield and main quality parameters under various densities;and plant density of 3.75 plants·m^-2 combined with 135 g·hm^-2 of MC applying is optimal for high cottonseed yield and quality in this cotton production area.

Feasibility of a New Granular Rapid Release Elemental S Fertilizer in Preventing S Deficiency of Canola on a S-Deficient Soil

Our previous research has indicated that granular elemental S (ES) fertilizers are not effective in the year of application and also are not consistently as effective as sulphate-S in increasing seed yield of canola in subsequent years, especially when applied at seeding in spring, because of slow dispersion of elemental S particles from granules for subsequent oxidation of ES to sulphate-S. A field experiment was established in autumn 2010 to determine the relative effectiveness of a new rapid release elemental S (RRES, now called Vitasul) fertilizer, in comparison to sulphate-S fertilizer, with various combinations of application times and placement methods (applied at 20 kg&middotS&middotha-1) on seed yield, straw yield, oil and protein concentration in seed, N and S uptake, partial factor productivity (PFP—kg&middotseed&middotkg-1 applied N&middotha-1—blanket application of 120 kg&middotN&middotha-1), S use efficiency (SUE—increase in kg&middotseed&middotkg-1 applied S&middotha-1) and percent recovery of applied S in seed + straw (%) of canola in 2011, 2012 and 2013 growing seasons on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol loam soil at Star City, Saskatchewan. The 11 treatments included two granular S sources (RRES and potassium sulphate) and five application time/placement method combinations (broadcast in autumn and incorporated in spring, broadcast in spring pre-tillage [broadcast and incorporated], broadcast in spring pre-emergence, sideband in spring and seedrow-placed in spring), plus a zero-S control. There was a significant response of seed yield of canola to applied S in all 3 years, but the responses varied with S source and with application time-placement combinations in different years. Seed yield increased considerably with all sulphate-S treatments compared to the zero-S control, although seed yield tended to be slightly lower in some spring and/or autumn broadcast treatments than the other sulphate-S treatments. Compared to the zero-S control, seed yield also increased significantly with all RRES treatments, but the increase was greater with autumn applied RRES than the spring applied RRES in many cases. Autumn applied RRES produced only slightly lower seed yield but spring applied RRES produced much lower seed yield than the highest yielding spring applied sulphate-S treatments. In 2011, straw yields increased significantly with applied S in some S treatments, but there was no significant effect of S fertilization on straw yield in 2012 and 2013. Oil concentration in canola seed increased only with sulphate-S fertilizer treatments in 2011, and it increased with both sulphate-S and ES sources in 2012 and 2013. There was no effect of any S treatment on the protein concentration in canola seed. The response trends of total N uptake and PFP were usually similar to seed yield for both S sources, but total S uptake, SUE and % recovery of applied S were lower with RRES than sulphate-S in many/most cases. In conclusion, the findings suggested the potential of spring broadcast pre-emergence RRES or autumn broadcast RRES in preventing S deficiency in hybrid canola, although seed yields were still slightly lower than the ideal highest yielding spring broadcast/incorporated sulphate-S treatment.

响应面法优化甘肃平凉牡丹籽超声-微波提取工艺的研究

以甘肃平凉油用牡丹为籽原料,以单因素实验结果作为研究基础,对超声-微波协同提取时间、超声、微波的功率、温度、料液比等影响因素进行试验,应用中心组实验设计方案,以牡丹籽得油率为响应值,进行超声-微波协同萃取牡丹籽油,找出了影响提取牡丹籽油的交互因素:以石油醚为提取溶剂时,选择1∶6~1∶9范围内的料液比,用400~800 W的微波在30℃~50℃下辐照6~8 min,同时在480~560 W超声功率下振荡10~20 min,牡丹籽粗油得油率最高为34%,微波温度和功率、超声功率和振荡时间、超声功率和料液比以及振荡时间和料液比之间交互作用显著。

高油高产大豆精量化播种施肥配套模型的构建

为分析大豆播种、施肥方式对大豆产量及油份含量构成的影响,掌握科学化提质、增产技术措施,以高油高产大豆新品种黑农531为材料,分别设置播种密度、施肥深度和施肥量单因素梯度试验,分析单因素指标对产量构成因子与油分含量的影响。采用二次回归正交试验设计,以产量和油分含量为指标建立大豆播种施肥一体化措施的数学模型,并明确最高产量、最高油分含量下的精量化实施措施组合。结果表明:单株荚数和单株粒数随着播种密度的增加均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,以28万株·hm^(-2)为临界值;单株荚数和单株粒数随着施肥深度的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,百粒重随着施肥深度的增加呈现出抛物线状变化;单株荚数、单数粒数及百粒重均随施肥量的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,均以375 kg·hm^(-2)为临界值;大豆油份含量随着播种密度增加、施肥层加深、施肥量提高均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,各播种密度处理之间的油份含量差异不大,浅施肥和增加施肥量均能显著提高大豆油份含量;得出大豆产量与播种密度(X_(1))、施肥深度(X_(2))、施肥量(X_(3))之间的回归方程为:Y=2714.696+47.445X_(1)+15.768X_(2)+2.967X_(3)-0.4908X_(1)^(1)-1.862X_(2)^(2)-0.00122 X_(3)+0.6809X_(1)×X_(2)-0.0783X_(1)×X_(3)-0.0059X_(2)×X_(3)。大豆油份与播种密度、施肥深度、施肥量之间的回归方程为:Y=14.288+0.410X_(1)+0.083X_(2)+0.0146X_(3)-0.00647X_(2)1-0.0108X_(2)2-0.00000817X_(3)^(2)+0.00486X_(1)×X_(2)-0.000316X_(1)×X_(3)-0.0000691X_(2)×X_(3)。通过该模型预测高油高产大豆最高产量可达到3952.023 kg·hm^(-2),达到最大产量需播种密度为28万株·hm^(-2),种下施肥深度为10 cm,施肥量为225.0805 kg·hm^(-2);最高油份可达到22.79%,达到最大油份含量需播种密度为26万株·hm^(-2),种下施肥深度为8.5 cm,施肥量为354.8578 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果可为促进高油高产大豆生产提供理论基础和技术支持。

种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫油菜籽粒油脂积累的影响

角果期光照不足显著影响油菜籽粒含油量,而增加种植密度具有明显的增产效果,但其对角果期弱光胁迫下籽粒含油量的影响未见报道。本试验选用华油杂62和沣油520两个品种进行大田试验,设置3个种植密度(15×104、30×104、45×104株hm-2)和2个光照强度(透光率为100%, LT100%和花后10~35 d透光率为70%, LT70%),从籽粒碳代谢和油脂代谢角度,研究种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫下油菜籽粒含油量的影响机制。结果表明:与LT100%相比,LT70%处理下2个品种花后25 d、35 d时籽粒叶绿素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco)活性降低,光合速率下降,光合产物葡萄糖含量降低0.4%~27.9%;蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthase,SuSy)分解活性降低,导致果糖含量降低了4.8%~24.5%,减少了籽粒碳水化合物积累与转运,同时磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(Phosphatidate phosphatase, PPase)、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH)活性降低,导致含油量降低2.1%~11.8%,油脂产量降低27.0%~35.3%。与低密度遮阴相比,高密度LT70%处理下籽粒的Rubisco、SuSy活性降幅变小,但籽粒G6PDH和PPase活性降幅变大。这些结果表明,在本试验条件下,通过增加密度可以缓解弱光对籽粒光合碳代谢的抑制,通过增加群体产量缓解弱光胁迫下产油量的损失。

不同产地杜仲·紫苏和亚麻种子油中亚麻酸含量及出油率的GC-MS分析

[目的]开展我国不同产地杜仲、紫苏和亚麻种子油的亚麻酸成分评价,为进一步筛选和培育优良亚麻酸作物提供参考。[方法]采用索氏提取和GC-MS法,对11个产地的亚麻、7个产地的紫苏及10个产地的杜仲种子的出油率及α-亚麻酸的含量进行了比较和分析。[结果]不同品种的种子亚麻酸含量差异显著,最高为湖北十堰杜仲种子油(61.49%),其次为吉林延边紫苏种子油(59.92%),最低为山西大同亚麻种子油(48.09%);干重中亚麻酸含量最高为吉林延边紫苏种子(230.1 mg/g干重),最低为云南邵通杜仲种子(140.4mg/g干重);不同品种作物的出油率差异显著,亚麻和紫苏种子平均出油率分别为35.21%和36.80%,显著高于杜仲种子(26.40%)。[结论]在亚麻酸产业开发方面,要综合考虑不同品种、不同地区之间的种子品质差异性。内蒙古亚麻、长春紫苏和湖北杜仲种子油是最经济实惠,又能满足食用健康的油品,故提倡合理开发利用。

龙眼核油的GC-MS分析及其超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化

利用超临界CO2流体萃取龙眼核油,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验设计,考察萃取压力、萃取温度、解析温度、不同粒度对龙眼核油萃取收率的影响。研究得出最佳萃取条件为萃取温度35℃、解析温度30℃、萃取压力20MPa、龙眼核粒度40～60目,在此条件下龙眼核油萃取收率为4.2%。GC-MS分析表明,龙眼核油中含22种成分,其中主要不饱和脂肪酸为油酸(42.07%),主要饱和脂肪酸为棕榈酸(20.45%)。

鲜油茶果快速制油工艺研究

为提高油茶果的制油效率,对传统油茶果制油工艺进行改进,采用先整果压破果壳再鼓风加热进行干燥达到蒲、壳与仁分离,得到的油茶籽仁经破碎烘干后进行压榨制油,经冷冻过滤得到成品油。对油茶籽仁烘干工艺条件和压榨工艺条件进行优化,以常温过滤为对照,对成品油的品质进行测定并考察了其在45℃储存18个月的稳定性。结果表明:油茶果干燥采用先压破果壳再鼓风加热可节约爆蒲(果壳炸开)时间0.5 h;油茶籽仁最佳烘干条件为烘干温度140℃,油茶籽仁颗粒直径6~8 mm,采用鼓风干燥;油茶籽仁含水率和油茶籽壳添加量对出油率有明显的影响,在添加30%油茶籽壳条件下,当含水率为3%时,出油率最高;油茶籽原油采用冷冻过滤得到的成品油的酸值(KOH)、过氧化值和苯并芘含量分别为0.6 mg/g、0.2 g/100 g和3μg/kg,符合食品安全国家标准要求,且储存稳定性优于常温过滤。该工艺节约了油茶果制油时间,提高了出油率和成品油的储存稳定性,可实现油茶籽油的快速制备。

苋菜籽油提取工艺的研究

苋菜籽油因其不饱和脂肪酸含量高、生物活性成分特别是角鲨烯丰富而受到越来越多的关注,角鲨烯含量高于橄榄油,被认为是角鲨烯的天然来源之一。为研究苋菜籽油的提取工艺,以出油率为指标,采用索氏提取法,考察溶剂、时间、温度3个因素对提取效果的影响。结果表明,以石油醚为提取溶剂,时间为2 h,温度为40℃时,可得到最大出油率为4.558%。该方法简单易工业化,优化的提取工艺经济、方便、可行。

紫云英与油菜混播还田对湘南稻田的影响

为探究湘南地区稻田中紫云英与油菜混播对后茬水稻产量以及土壤养分的影响,本试验设置6个处理,分别为冬闲(CK)、单播紫云英(LF01)、单播油菜(LF02)和紫云英油菜混播(LF03—LF05),对比分析各处理组绿肥生物量、后茬水稻产量及土壤理化性状等。结果表明,紫云英与油菜混播处理的绿肥生物量明显高于单播处理,其中紫云英播种量22.5 kg/hm^(2),油菜播种量3.0 kg/hm^(2)(LF04)时效果最佳,较紫云英单播和油菜单播分别增加120.9%和39.3%;同时LF04处理较CK处理后茬水稻产量增加17.5%;土壤中有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提升了9.6%、8.1%、7.5%和9.6%。在湘南地区,相比紫云英、油菜单独播种,紫云英与油菜混播能够有效提高后茬水稻产量、改善土壤肥力,是一种有效的种植模式,适宜在该地区推广。

基于Box-Behnken-Matlab分析法优化高亚油酸含量南瓜籽油提取工艺研究

本研究以低温锡箔烘焙裸仁南瓜籽为对象,采用超声辅助溶剂法提取南瓜籽油,运用Box-Behnken-Matlab分析法对南瓜籽油进行基于亚油酸(LA)相对含量(Y_(1))和粗油得率(Y_(2))的提取工艺优化。结果表明:采用Box-Behnken-Matlab分析法得到南瓜籽粗油最优提取工艺参数为:超声时间15 min,料液比1∶38.65,提取温度25.75℃,提取时间2.7 h,此时,Y_(1)可达(48.23±0.11)%,Y_(2)为(24.83±0.12)%;当超声时间15 min,提取时间的范围为2.5~3 h,料液比1∶34~1∶39,提取温度22~27℃时,在此工艺参数区间Y_(1)和Y_(2)可同时取得较大理论值,此时,粗油中总酚含量为(968.71±13.96)mg GAE/kg。研究表明,Box-Behnken-Matlab分析法不仅可以得到高LA相对含量的南瓜籽油最优工艺参数,也可以在兼顾LA相对含量和粗油得率的情况得到较优工艺参数范围,为高活性南瓜籽油工业化提取提供了参考。

Effect of Mineral Fertilization and Irrigation on Sunflower Yields

Among the cultures used for the production of biofuels, the sunflower is one of the most important. Although some information exists, the water and nutritional needs of sunflower in the north east of Brazil are not well known. To fill knowledge gaps, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilization and available soil water (ASW) on sunflower yields. The sunflower cultivar Embrapa 122-V2000 was subjected to 44 treatments on a completely randomized design generated by the Baconian Matrix with four rates of N (0, 60, 80 and 100 kg&middotha-1), four rates of P2O5 (0, 80, 100 and 120 kg&middotha-1), four rates of K2O (0, 80, 100 and 120 kg&middotha-1), and four available soil water (ASW) levels (55%, 70%, 85% and 100%) replicated three times. Urea was used as a source of N, triple super phosphate as P and potassium chloride as K. In all the experimental units was applied 2 kg&middotB&middotha-1 as boric acid. The components of production evaluated were dry matter of the head, total number of achenes, total achenes’ weight and 1000 achenes’ weight. The results of this research showed that nitrogen had a significant effect on the dry matter of the head, total number of achenes and total achenes’ weight. Phosphorus affected all production components and potassium affected the total number and the weight of achenes. With the exception of the 1000 achenes’ weight, all the production components of the sunflower increased with the increased ASW level influenced significantly at 0.01 level of probably the total number of achenes. The highest rates of N, P and K (100, 120 and 120 kg&middotha-1, respectively) and 100% of available soil water produced the highest production.

不同种源光皮树叶功能性状分异及其对种子特性的影响

[目的]了解不同种源光皮树在引种地叶功能性状的差异,探寻不同种源对环境的生存适应策略。[方法]以来自江西和广东韶关的不同种源光皮树为研究对象,通过对叶片形态、营养成分、光合性状及种子品质进行测定,分析其差异性及相关性。[结果]不同种源光皮树之间叶功能性状存在分异,其中:光合性状差异最大,尤其是叶绿素含量,变异系数高达80.09%;叶片相对含水率、叶片厚度和叶片干物质含量的变异系数较小,分别为3.41%、8.71%和9.38%;种子品质的变异系数较小,为6.29%~19.85%。叶功能性状对种子品质具有一定的影响,其中:种子千粒质量与叶片钙含量、叶组织密度显著正相关,与叶片磷含量、钾含量显著负相关;出油率与叶片镁含量、最大净光合速率显著正相关,与叶组织密度显著负相关;油脂的不饱和脂肪酸含量与叶片厚度显著负相关,油脂的脂肪酸含量与叶片厚度显著正相关,与叶片钙含量显著负相关。[结论]不同种源光皮树叶功能性状间存在差异,进而影响到种子特性。钙是光皮树生长结果的关键元素,栽培过程中加强植物钙的管理是优质丰产的关键。

氮磷钾肥对旱地和水田油菜产量及养分利用的影响差异

氮磷钾肥施用是农业生产中的重要增产措施,旱-旱和水-旱周年复种轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的主要种植模式。为探究氮磷钾养分对不同轮作油菜产量和养分吸收利用的影响及其差异,于2017—2020年在湖北省沙洋县连续3年开展田间定位试验,采用旱地油菜(玉米-油菜)和水田油菜(水稻-油菜)2种轮作模式,各轮作分别设置氮磷钾(NPK)、不施氮(–N)、不施磷(–P)和不施钾(–K)4个处理,分析了油菜籽产量、产量构成和养分吸收情况,并对肥料利用率和土壤养分供应能力进行了评估。3年试验的平均结果表明,与NPK处理相比,–N、–P和–K处理的旱地油菜分别减产68.4%、89.6%和7.0%;水田油菜分别减产71.0%、84.7%和6.4%。对产量构成因子进一步分析发现,无论是旱地油菜还是水田油菜,施肥对角果数影响最大,其次是每角粒数,对千粒重影响最小。与NPK处理相比,旱地和水田油菜的角果数因缺氮、缺磷和缺钾分别减少61.6%和52.0%、82.0%和67.8%、16.2%和19.7%。相同施肥处理的旱地和水田油菜产量及养分吸收均存在显著差异,在–N、–K和NPK处理,旱地油菜产量均高于水田油菜,分别高27.2%、15.9%和16.7%,而–P处理的旱地油菜产量比水田油菜低20.8%;养分积累量趋势与产量相似,除–P处理外,其余3个处理的旱地油菜地上部养分积累量均高于水田,NPK处理的旱地油菜地上部氮、磷和钾积累量分别比水田油菜高20.4%、37.3%和4.2%。旱地油菜季的年均土壤本底氮和钾供应量分别比水田高15.0%和20.9%,而磷供应量比水田低39.2%。旱地油菜季氮肥和磷肥回收利用率均高于水田,而钾肥回收利用率低于水田。综上,养分的配合施用显著提高油菜产量和养分利用效率,旱-旱轮作和水-旱轮作油菜产量存在显著差异并受养分种类的影响。与旱地油菜相比,水田油菜种植需格外注重氮肥和钾肥的施用,而旱地油菜较水田油菜则需适当增施磷肥,以针对性地补充土壤缺乏养分和实现油菜高产高效生产。

采薹对甘蓝型油菜农艺性状和经济效益的影响

为了提高油菜应用价值,探索油菜多功能利用新思路。选择农艺性状优异的甘蓝型油菜G1为父本,G2为母本,构建289个双单倍体(DH)纯系,对其菜薹产量、植株性状、菜籽产量、生物学产量与经济效益进行考察评估,筛选菜薹产量高,不影响菜籽产量且经济效益高的“油薹两用”油菜品系。结果表明:分枝高度(BH)、一次有效分枝数(NFB)与菜籽产量呈负相关关系;与对照相比,采摘菜薹降低了株高(PH)、分枝高度和一次有效分枝数,差异达到显著水平;DH群体中,菜薹产量与菜籽产量呈负相关关系;摘薹后菜籽产量比未摘薹平均减少19.24%,但总产值比未摘薹平均增加48.87%,其中筛选出48份材料菜籽产量(产量变化范围在-10%~10%)不受摘薹影响,63份材料摘薹后菜籽产量增加,增产幅度>10%,增产效果明显。30份材料菜籽产量超过3000 kg/hm^(2)。综合以上指标,本试验共筛选出21份菜薹与菜籽产量均达到长江流域油菜区产量要求且效益好的“油薹两用”材料,为兼用型油菜的选育及推广提供理论指导和科学依据。

信阳茶油提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

该文以信阳新县地区油茶籽为原料,采用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取信阳地区油茶籽油,利用气相色谱技术对油茶籽油进行脂肪酸组成分析。选取液料比、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率为自变量,以得油率为评定指标,在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面法优化试验。结果显示,液料比、超声功率对信阳茶油提取影响极显著,提取最佳工艺条件为液料比19∶1(mL/g)、超声功率200 W、超声时间63 min、超声温度60℃,该条件下得油率为39.14%。提取的油茶籽油中共鉴定出11种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸5种,占总脂肪酸9.98%;不饱和脂肪酸6种,占总脂肪酸90.02%。脂肪酸组成中油酸含量高达80.3%。

Evaluation of Some Promising Soybean Genotypes to Infestation with Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) under Field Conditions

A two-year study was carried out in Giza Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt in the 2020 and 2021 summer seasons to evaluate the relative tolerance of ten soybean genotypes for cotton leafworm infestation under field conditions. Soybean genotypes H11L145, H155, H113, H4L4, H15L17, H129, H30, H19L96, Giza 111, and Crawford were distributed in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Soybean genotypes differed significantly for cotton leafworm at the 6th, 7th, and 8th week from sowing. Low values of cotton leafworm assemblages were recorded for H113, H4L4, H15L17, Giza 111, and H129. Low percentages of the larval survival number and weight, as well as the number of the survival of pupa were recorded by feeding on leaves of genotypes H4F4, H15L17, and Giza 111 under laboratory conditions. There were significant differences among the studied genotypes in most yield attributes in both seasons. Soybean genotypes H15L17, Giza 111, H113, H129, H19L96, and H4L4 gave higher seed yield per ha, meanwhile soybean genotypes H155, H19L96, H30, Giza 111, and H15L17 had higher seed oil content than the other genotypes in both seasons. The number and weight of larvae surviving, as well as the number of pupa survival, were negatively correlated with leaf total phenols and seed oil content. It can be concluded that soybean genotypes H15L17, H4L4, and Giza 111 are promising genotypes with desirable seed oil content for tolerating cotton leafworm infestation in breeding programs.