Effect of different film color mulching on dry matter and grain yield of oil flax in dry-land

Mulching can effectively maintain soil moisture;color of mulching film affects soil water storage capacity and further promote crop growth to improve grain yield.Field experiment was conducted to study effects of different film colors on dry matter accumulation(DMA)and grain yield of oil flax.Results showed that white plastic film mulching could increase leaf area,chlorophyll content and DMA.DMA of white film mulching and micro-ridge with soil covering was 53.0%higher than that of CK,and 7.8%higher than that of black film mulching.Mulching method also influenced DMA.Micro-ridge alone increased it by 13.7%than flat cultivation and soil covering improved another 7.6%under white film mulching.Both white and black film mulching with microridge could significantly improve grain yield.Black film mulching with micro-ridge and soil covering,white film mulching with micro-ridge and no soil covering significantly increased capsule number per plant,1,000-grain weight and grain yield of oil flax,compared with CK.Grain yield increased 29.0%and 28.9%respectively.These results indicated that the above mulching methods were suitable for high yield cropping pattern in dry-farming regions.

Film mulching treatment inf luences dry matter and yield of oil flax in semi-arid area of China

A feld study was set up to compare dry matter accumulation and grain yield of 3 different types of flm mulching, namely FFC （full flm muched on tiny ridges covered with soil）, PFC （full flm muched covered with soil）, and PF （full flm muched with no cover）. The experiment was laid out in a complete random design with 3 replications at north-west （34°40′N, 105°06′E） of China. This study determined that （1） flm mulching treatment increased leaf area and dry matter accumulation of oil fax in semi-arid areas; （2） accu-mulation of dry matter under PFC treatment was markedly higher than other treatments except anthesis stage; （3） average grain yield of oil fax under flm mulching treatment was 52.67%-60.33% higher than fat plot without mulched or ridge （CK） treatment; （4） grain yield of oil fax was substantially correlated with plant height, grain number and 1,000 kernels weight. This study demonstrated that flm mulching has signifcant effects on crop grain yield improvement in the northwest of China.

Comparative Effects of Cocoa Pod Husk and Oil Palm Bunch Ash on Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Dry Matter Yield of Cocoa (The-obroma cacao) in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

The high premium placed on the organically produced cocoa in the international market coupled with its health and environmental benefits necessitated recent focus on research into the use of agricultural wastes as source of nutrients in cocoa (T. cacao) production. The study was carried out at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan (Lat. 7&deg25'N Long. 3&deg25'E), South-western, Nigeria during the 2010/2011 seedling production season to compare the effects of NPK (20:10:10) fertilizer, Cocoa Pod Husk and Oil Palm Bunch Ash (CPHA and OPA) on the seedling growth and dry matter yield of cocoa (T. cacao). Equivalent amount of different rates of two nutrients sources CPHA and OPA were applied one month after planting at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 t/ha respectively, recommended rate of 10 kg·N of the conventional NPK (20:10:10). Fertilizer was used as reference fertilizer. Results indicated that all the fertilizer materials positively and significantly (p > 0.05) increased the growth parameters considered. The influence of the ash materials irrespective of sources on the nutrient uptake, dry matter yield of cocoa seedlings and shoot to root ratio were either higher than or had a comparable results with the reference fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10). CPHA and OPA applied at a rate of 4 t/ha significantly (p > 0.05) increased the plant height and root length of cocoa seedlings respectively relative to control and in—organic fertilizer and could therefore be recommended for the prospective and existing Nigerian cocoa farmers for raising their seedlings in the nursery before transplanting to the field.

Dry Matter Partitioning, Nodulation and Seed Traits of Medium and Late Maturing Soybean Varieties as Affected by Planting Pattern and Plant Density

An experiment was conducted on Fluvisols of Awassa for two consecutive years （2005-2006） to determine effects of planting pattern and plant density on dry matter accumulation, nodulation, protein and oil content in early and late maturing soybean varieties. Results indicated that Awassa-95 variety produced significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） number of nodules/plant （NDN）, nodule dry matter （NDM） and leaf dry matter （LDM at R2 （mid flowering） stage of soybean growth than that of variety Belessa-95）. Similarly, variety Awassa-95 （45%） produced significantly higher protein content than variety Belessa-95 （40%）. However, variety Belessa-95 accumulated significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） dry matter in straw, grain and total biomass at R7 （physiological maturity） stage of soybean growth than variety Awassa-95. Similarly, oil content of variety Belessa-95 （18.1%） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than that of variety Awassa-95 （15.9%）. Equidistant rows produced significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） NDM than either rectangular or paired rows. Moreover, soybean plants grown in both rectangular and equidistant rows produced significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） straw dry matter than those grown in paired rows; but, grain dry matter/plant （GDM） was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） paired and rectangular rows compared to equidistant rows. Plant density also affected the per plant GDM production as it was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） in 20 and 30 plants/m2 than higher plant densities （40 and 50 plants/m2）. However, dry matter and yield components had strong negative association with protein content. In fact, strong positive correlation （R 〉 0.600） occurred between grain yield and its components with dry matter components at R2 （stem dry matter （SDM）, leaf dry matter （LDM） and stem ＋ nodule ＋ leaf dry matter together known as TDM） and straw dry matter at R7 in both varieties. This study depicted that soybean plants that produce higher dry matter components at R2 would probably produce more straw dry matter, greater grain yield components and higher grain yield dry matter at later stages.

Perspective on oil flax yield and dry biomass with reduced nitrogen supply

Field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design to determine effects of nitrogen(N)application levels(J0:150 kg/hm^2,J1:120 kg/hm^2,J2:90 kg/hm^2,J3:60 kg/hm^2)on regulating dry biomass accumulation,allocation and translocation,and grain yield of oil flax during 2018 cropping season.Significant promotion was observed in dry matter during accumulation stage of oil flax,when N rate was reduced by 40%(from 150 to 90 kg/hm^2).Under J2 treatment,translocation of dry matter from vegetative organs to pod increased by 38.46%and 61.54%respectively,when compared with J1 and J0 treatment Dry matter distribution proportion of pod at maturity increased 4.47%-7.61%,contribution rate of leaf to grain upgraded 5.09%-8.77%,and number of effective pods and grains per pod increased by 27.16%-45.38%and 6.49%-26.59%respectively compared to other treatments.As a result,seed yield of oil flax under J2 treatment was 2.23%-18.21%higher than those of other treatments.Our study recommended 90 kg/hm^2 as the best N fertilizer level to improve seed yield of oil flax.

Seed filling dynamic traits of oil flax in response to nitrogen and phosphorus

Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.

除虫菊开花特性与适宜采摘期

除虫菊 (Pyrethrumcinerariifolium)是提取天然除虫菊酯的原料 ,植物体的各个部位均有除虫菊酯分布 ,最主要存在于头状花序 (简称花头 )的子房中 ,随着花蕾的孕育、开花直至种子 (瘦果 )成熟 ,子房壁导管的油腺也同时经历了发生、发展和分泌物转化的过程。直接反映在开花期的不同阶段所采摘的花头内菊酯含量的变化十分显著 ,为了进一步认识除虫菊开花期小花开放程度与菊酯含量变化的内在规律 ,把除虫菊开花期 (从孕蕾盛期到瘦果成熟 )划分成 8个阶段。通过样品测定 ,了解开花期花头中菊酯含量的变化状况和头状花序发育过程中小花子房的增长与干物质积累之间的关系 ,表明头状花序的小花开放至第 4至第 5阶段 ,即花头上管状小花开放初盛期至盛期时采摘 ,是获得最高生物产量和菊酯含量的最适宜采摘期。

土壤有机质测定全程质量控制

质量控制是环境监测赖以生存和发展基础,加强全程质量控制才能确保监测数据的准确性和可靠性。结合环境监测工作实际,应用标准分析方法—重铬酸钾容量法《土壤检测第6部分:土壤有机质的测定》(NY/T 1121.6-2006)对土壤有机质测定进行了全程质量控制技术探讨。简介了方法所需仪器与试剂,深入探讨了运用标准法进行土壤中有机质测定全程质量控制技术问题。指出在标准分析方法基础上,选用有效期内质量合格分析纯以上试剂,全面规范样品采集与保存,有序开展样品制备与称取,严格管控消煮操作与滴定过程,准确进行分析结果数据处理,切实加强结果填报规定程式,能够确保大批量、成分复杂土壤样品有机质测定精密度和准确度。