Development and prospect of separated zone oil production technology

This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China,the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages:flowing well zonal oil production,mechanical recovery and water blocking,hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production,and intelligent zonal production.The principles,construction processes,adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail.Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present,three development directions of the technology are proposed.First,the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells.Second,an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system.Third,integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters,thus making the development adjustment from"lag control"to"real-time optimization"and improving the development effect.

Supply-based optimal scheduling of oil product pipelines

Oil product pipelines have features such as transporting multiple materials, ever-changing operating conditions, and synchronism between the oil input plan and the oil offloading plan. In this paper, an optimal model was established for a single-source multi-distribution oil pro- duct pipeline, and scheduling plans were made based on supply. In the model, time node constraints, oil offloading plan constraints, and migration of batch constraints were taken into consideration. The minimum deviation between the demanded oil volumes and the actual offloading volumes was chosen as the objective function, and a linear programming model was established on the basis of known time nodes＇ sequence. The ant colony optimization algo- rithm and simplex method were used to solve the model. The model was applied to a real pipeline and it performed well.

Distribution and treatment of harmful gas from heavy oil production in the Liaohe Oilfield, Northeast China

The distribution and treatment of harmful gas （H2S） in the Liaohe Oilfield, Northeast China, were investigated in this study. It was found that abundant toxic gas （H2S） is generated in thermal recovery of heavy oil. The H2S gas is mainly formed during thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） occurring in oil reservoirs or the thermal decomposition of sulfocompounds （TDS） in crude oil. H2S generation is controlled by thermal recovery time, temperature and the injected chemical compounds. The quantity of SO4^2- in the injected compounds is the most influencing factor for the rate of TSR reaction. Therefore, for prevention of H2S formation, periodic and effective monitoring should be undertaken and adequate H2S absorbent should also be provided during thermal recovery of heavy oil. The result suggests that great efforts should be made to reduce the SO4^2- source in heavy oil recovery, so as to restrain H2S generation in reservoirs. In situ burning or desulfurizer adsorption are suggested to reduce H2S levels. Prediction and prevention of H2S are important in heavy oil production. This will minimize environmental and human health risks, as well as equipment corrosion.

Primary logistics planning of oil products under the imbalance of supply and demand

This paper intends to complete the primary logistics planning of oil products under the imbalance of supply and demand. An integrated mathematical programming model is developed to simultaneously find the balance between supply and demand, and optimize the logistics scheme. The model takes minimum logistics cost and resource adjustment cost as the objective function, and takes supply and demand capacity, transportation capacity, mass balance, and resource adjustment rules as constraints.Three adjustment rules are considered in the model, including resource adjustment within oil suppliers,within oil consumers, and between oil consumers. The model is tested on a large-scale primary logistics of a state-owned petroleum enterprise, involving 37 affiliated refineries, 31 procurement departments,286 market depots and dedicated consumers. After the unified optimization, the supply and demand imbalance is eased by 97% and the total cost is saved by 7%, which proves the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model.

THEORY AND APPLICATION OF FRACTIONAL STEP CHARACTERISTIC FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD IN NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SECOND ORDER ENHANCED OIL PRODUCTION

A kind of second-order implicit fractional step characteristic finite difference method is presented in this paper for the numerically simulation coupled system of enhanced （chemical） oil production in porous media. Some techniques, such as the calculus of variations, energy analysis method, commutativity of the products of difference operators, decomposition of high-order difference operators and the theory of a priori estimates are introduced and an optimal order error estimates in l^2 norm is derived. This method has been applied successfully to the numerical simulation of enhanced oil production in actual oilfields, and the simulation results ate quite interesting and satisfactory.

A Markov-switching dynamic regression analysis of the asymmetries related to the determinants of US crude oil production between 1982 and 2019

The structural changes brought about by shale oil revolution have inspired this paper of which the aim is to analyze the potential asymmetries related to the determinants of crude oil production in the USA.Thus,using a Markov-switching dynamic regression model in which parameters change when oil production moves from one regime to the other,it is found that for both oil production and oil relative importance,the regime that was dominant during the 1980s and the early 1990s when oil production in the USA was substantially high is the same regime that has once again become dominant in the decade corresponding to the shale oil revolution.Furthermore,the study reveals the existence of asymmetries in the relationship between US crude oil production and both manufacturing production and the consumer price index.Asymmetries are also found in the relationship between the relative importance US crude oil and manufacturing production.Finally,it is found that the intercept and the variance parameter also vary from one regime to the other,thus justifying the use of regime-dependent models.

Technology and Practice of Stabiliing Oil Production and Controlling Water Cut in Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia

In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the distribution of remaining oil horizontal wells have been given full play to stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut, reducing the producing pressure drop, improving well productivity and other advantages, and the development and deployment has been optimized; horizontal wells have been applied to solve problems such as old well casing damages, shutting down wells, low-productivity and low- efficiency wells, and high water cut wells to improve the utilization rate of old wells; through separate layer system improved injection production pattern, adjustment wells have been optimized and deployed, and part measures wells have been preferably selected to tap the residual oil improve the degree of reserves control realize the stabilization of oil production and control of water cut in an old oilfield, and further improve the development effects.

Investigation of Internal Turret Mooring System for Oil Production Storage Vessels

The internal turret mooring system for oil production storage vessels is a developing type ofoffshore floating production system suitable for deep water and harsh environmental application. In this paper, some achievements in our research work are presented. The description includes: dynamic analysis of mooring system, research on performance of turret assembly, influence of vessel dimensions and hull forms on mooring performance, model tests under combined action of environmental forces in basin, and hull structural strength analysis.

Development and Application of WebGIS Middleware in Oil Production Engineering

WebGIS is the result of combining the technology of Internet with that of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This paper aims at some problems in the development of GIS, such as the system of development is instable, and presents the method of adopting component technology to accomplish WebGIS middleware which has been successfully applied to the Oil Production Engineering information visible system. It showed in practice that the WebGIS middleware can be casily embedded in the web pages to accomplish GIS application system in a network environment. On the one hand, its application can reduce complexity of system and speed up the pace of development. On the other hand, it is certain to reduce the development costs and improve the maintainability. Key words WebGIS - middleware - oil production engineering CLC number TP 31 Biography: LIU Quan (1969-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: include automated resoning, WebGIS.

Status of China's Refined Oil Products Consumption and Forecast on Demand During the“11th Five-Year Plan”Period

The author used two common methods in this industry, i. e. the ＂Consumption Coefficient Method＂ and the ＂Elasticity Coefficient Trend Method＂, to forecast the refined oil product demand in 2010. Through analyzing and comparing the two forecast results, it is projected that the demand for finished product oils in 2010 will be in the range of 220 to 240 million tons a year. In addition, out of concern about the total oil products consumption to exceed 600 million tons/year in 2020, the author puts forward suggestions and measures aimed at conservation of oil products and application of alternative fuels.

An Integrated Oil Production Enhancement Technology Based on Waterflooding Energy Recovery

A new integrated oil production enhancement technology based on water-flooding energy recovery is proposed.After providing an extensive review of the existing scientific and technical literature on this subject,the proposed integrated technology is described together with the related process flow diagram,the criteria used to select a tar-get facility for its implementation and the outcomes of the laboratory studies conducted to analyze emulsion formation and separation kinetics.Moreover,the outcomes of numerical simulations performed using Ansys CFX software are also presented.According to these results,using the proposed approach the incremental oil production may reach 1.2 t/day(with a 13%increase)and more,even at low flow rates(less than 10 t/day),thereby providing evidence for the benefits associated with this integrated technology.

Theory and application of numerical simulation method of capillary force enhanced oil production

A kind of second-order implicit upwind fractional step finite difference methods are presented for the numerical simulation of coupled systems for enhanced （chemical） oil production with capillary force in the porous media. Some techniques, e.g., the calculus of variations, the energy analysis method, the commutativity of the products of difference operators, the decomposition of high-order difference operators, and the theory of a priori estimate, are introduced. An optimal order error estimate in the l2 norm is derived. The method is successfully used in the numerical simulation of the enhanced oil production in actual oilfields. The simulation results are satisfactory and interesting.

Preparation and Cracking Performance of FCC Co-Catalyst for Enhancing Light Oil Production

In this paper, a FCC co-catalyst for enhancing the light oil production was prepared by the sol-gel method, and its effect on the performance of residue cracking catalysts was evaluated in a CCFFB reactor. The test results indicated that the liquid product yield increased obviously, after the surface of FCC equilibrium catalyst was impregnated with the co-catalyst. The yields of dry gas, slurry and coke decreased, while the diesel yield changed slightly. And the crackability of residue was increased; the rate of coke deposition on catalyst surface was decreased, with the thermal cracking reactions inhibited. All these results showed that the co-catalyst could improve the density of acid sites and change the catalyst acidity, which could promote to prolong the catalyst activity by depositing the co-catalyst on the surface of FCC equilibrium catalysts.