Impact of Medicaid expansion on kidney transplantation in the State Oklahoma

BACKGROUND There is no data evaluating the impact of Medicaid expansion on kidney tran-splants(KT)in Oklahoma.AIM To investigate the impact of Medicaid expansion on KT patients in Oklahoma.METHODS The UNOS database was utilized to evaluate data pertaining to adult KT reci-pients in Oklahoma in the pre-and post-Medicaid eras.Bivariate analysis,Kaplan Meier analysis was used to estimate,and cox proportional models were utilized.RESULTS There were 2758 pre-and 141 recipients in the post-Medicaid expansion era.Post-expansion patients were more often non-United States citizens(2.3%vs 5.7%),American Indian,Alaskan,or Pacific Islander(7.8%vs 9.2%),Hispanic(7.4%vs 12.8%),or Asian(2.5%vs 8.5%)(P<0.0001).Waitlist time was shorter in the post-expansion era(410 vs 253 d)(P=0.0011).Living donor rates,pre-emptive transplants,re-do transplants,delayed graft function rates,kidney donor profile index values,panel reactive antibodies levels,and insurance types were similar.Patients with public insurance were more frail.Despite increased early(<6 months)rejection rates,1-year patient and graft survival were similar.In Cox proportional hazards model,male sex,American Indian,Alaskan or Pacific Islander race,public insurance,and frailty category were independent risk factors for death at 1 year.Medicaid expansion was not associated with graft failure or patient survival(adjusted hazard ratio:1.07;95%CI:0.26-4.41).CONCLUSION Medicaid expansion in Oklahoma is associated with increased KT access for non-White/non-Black and non-United States citizen patients with shorter wait times.1-year graft and patient survival rates were similar before and after expansion.Medicaid expansion itself was not independently associated with graft or patient survival outcomes.Ongoing research is necessary to determine the long-term effects of Medicaid expansion.

Utilization of Pyrrolic Compounds as Indicators of Secondary Migration for Woodford Oils in the Anadarko Basin,Oklahoma,USA

Migration pathways and distances of the oils in reservoir are thought to affect the distribution of pyrrolic compounds such as carbazole,its alkyl derivatives(alkylated carbazoles)and benzocarbazoles,although other factors,including maturity and depositional environments may also affect the distribution of these organic nitrogen compounds.In this study,14 oil samples produced from conventional reservoirs in Pauls Valley,south Oklahoma were investigated using organic geochemical techniques.The sterane and hopane fingerprints suggest that most of the oils were sourced from the Devonian Woodford shale.Maturity parameters consistently indicate that the maturity level of the studied samples are all of similar maturity(Rc=~0.7%),suggesting the distribution of the organic nitrogen organic compounds is possibly reflecting variations in relative migration distances.The distribution of alkylcarbazoles revealed a preferential enrichment during migration,with the nitrogen-shielded alkylcarbazole tending to be enriched relative to the nitrogen-semi-shielded alkylcarbozoles particularly in oils produced close to the Arbuckle uplift to the east.Correspondingly,another family of pyrrolic compounds,benzocarbazoles,whose distributions also indicated that the Pauls Valley Woodford oils came from deeper part of the Anadarko Basin as the benzo-[a]/([a]+[c])-carbazole ratios decrease eastwards.In more specific migration systems,although the pyrrolic compound indicators are potentially disturbed by the structural complexes,the general migration directions suggest that the studied oils in Pauls Valley Hunton uplift were sourced from the deep basin area,and migrate upwards in porous sediments due to the buoyancy.This study investigates the feasibility of using pyrrolic compounds to estimate relative migration distances and will aid in the interpretation of migration history by using the distribution of carbazole,alkylated carbazoles,benzocarbazoles isomers in the Anadarko and Ardmore Basin petroleum systems.

俄克拉荷马州“青年新技能计划”:背景、策略、成效及启示

为完善学生职业准备,培养满足市场需要的高质量、高技能人才,美国俄克拉荷马州实施了“青年新技能计划”。该计划以发挥劳动力市场需求的主导作用、提高职业路径质量、加强以职业为重点的问责制度、健全职业指导系统、整合资金、促进相关利益者合作为实施策略,扩大了个人职业和学业规划的实施范围、提高了利益相关者参与度、增加了参与和完成职业路径的学生人数、增加了达到大学和职业准备标准的学生人数。其主要经验在于:将职业和学业规划加入基础教育必修内容、加强基础教育与职业路径衔接、注重职业教育公平、健全问责制度等。

美国俄克拉荷马州立大学地质学专业人才培养机制调研

行业性强的大学专业如何构建适应性创新型人才培养机制是一个长期的课题,国内外同类院校优秀的思路与做法,可以提供有益的借鉴。本文以美国俄克拉荷马州立大学地质学专业为主要研究对象,调研了美国地质学专业的教学组织方式和培养机制。总而言之,多层次和开放的课程体系、互动式的教学方式、多样化的考核和评价制度、自主和严格的研究生培养制度是其最主要的特色和优势。国内地质类行业性大学不仅要从培养理念、培养模式上进行调整和完善,在授课方式、艺术以及学生自主性的激发等方面,也需要进行不断借鉴和探索。

Teleseismic waves reveal anisotropic poroelastic response of wastewater disposal reservoir

Connecting earthquake nucleation in basement rock to fluid injection in basal,sedimentary reservoirs,depends heavily on choices related to the poroelastic properties of the fluid-rock system,thermo-chemical effects notwithstanding.Direct constraints on these parameters outside of laboratory settings are rare,and it is commonly assumed that the rock layers are isotropic.With the Arbuckle wastewater disposal reservoir in Osage County,Oklahoma,high-frequency formation pressure changes and collocated broadband ground velocities measured during the passing of large teleseismic waves show a poroelastic response of the reservoir that is both azimuthally variable and anisotropic;this includes evidence of static shifts in pressure that presumably relate to changes in local permeability.The azimuthal dependence in both the static response and shear coupling appears related to tectonic stress and strain indicators such as the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress and faults and fractures.Using dynamic strains from a nearby borehole strainmeter,we show that the ratio of shear to volumetric strain coupling is~0.41 which implies a mean Skempton's coefficient of A=0.24 over the plausible range of the undrained Poisson's ratio.Since these observations are made at relatively low confining pressure and differential stress,we suggest that the hydraulically conductive fracture network is a primary control on the coupling between pore pressure diffusion and elastic stresses in response to natural or anthropogenic sources.

3D geomechanical modeling of the response of the Wilzetta Fault to saltwater disposal

From 2009 to 2017,parts of Central America experienced marked increase in the number of small to moderate-sized earthquakes.For example,three significant earthquakes(~Mw 5)occurred near Prague,Oklahoma,in the U.S.in 2011.On 6 Nov 2011,an Mw 5.7 earthquake occurred in Prague,central Oklahoma with a sequence of aftershocks.The seismic activity has been attributed to slip on the Wilzetta fault system.This study provides a 3 D fully coupled poroelastic analysis(using FLAC3 D)of the Wilzetta fault system and its response to saltwater injection in the underpressured subsurface layers,especially the Arbuckle group and the basement,to evaluate the conditions that might have led to the increased seismicity.Given the data-limited nature of the problem,we have considered multiple plausible scenarios,and use the available data to evaluate the hydromechanical response of the faults of interest in the study area.Numerical simulations show that the injection of large volumes of fluid into the Arbuckle group tends to bring the part of the Wilzetta faults in Arbuckle group and basement into near-critical conditions.

美国俄克拉荷马州伍德福德页岩甜点控制因素研究

美国俄克拉荷马州伍德福德（Woodford）页岩区带是美国近年来新兴起的重要的非常规页岩油气生产区之一,其覆盖区域包括阿纳达科（Anadarko）盆地、阿德莫（Ardmore）盆地、阿卡马（Arkoma）盆地和切罗基（Cherokee）台地。伍德福德页岩是北美重要的泥盆系富含有机质页岩,有机质含量最高可达14%。伍德福德页岩甜点区域位于凝析气或成熟油窗,页岩的镜质组反射率（Ro）为0.6%~1.4%,岩层厚度超过20 m;底部必须具有厚度至少15 m以上的隔层,以防止压裂串通上下含水层;具有有机质含量高达7%的岩层和燧石层等脆性夹层,裂缝发育程度高,钻井位置必须避开大型断裂。根据甜点控制因素,设计具有针对性的钻完井方案,降低钻探风险和成本,可以获取较高的开发效益。

2011年11月6日美国俄克拉何马5.6级地震震源参数测定及成因初步研究

2011年11月6日3时,美国俄克拉何马州发生了5.6级地震。此次地震是该地区100多年以来的最大地震,因该区地震活动性低,故需要对此次地震成因开展研究。本文采用CAP(Cut And Paste)方法对该地震分别进行近震、远震以及近远震联合反演,得到了震源机制解与震源深度。其中联合反演得到的机制解参数为:节面Ⅰ:234°/81°/-170°;节面Ⅱ:143°/81°/-9°;震级为MW=5.6。为了验证近震结果的可靠性,采用不同模型对近震数据进行反演测试,发现震源断层面解结果有3°的偏差,震源深度结果有0.5km偏差。CAP结果显示,该地震的质心深度为5.0km左右,属于浅源地震。同时,根据地震震源参数的标度分析,得到破裂区宽度约为7.0km,此次地震破裂区上缘可达1.4km深,下缘深度达8.4km。破裂上缘在该区域井的注水深度范围之内,由此推测该地震可能与当地页岩气开采过程中的注水活动有关。

陈向群服装设计作品

欣赏陈向群服装设计作品:豫剧《焦裕禄》,话剧《清明》《猷山节考》,音乐剧《奥克拉荷马》《幸运的家伙》。

2011～2012赛季NBA总决赛热火队制胜因素分析

采用文献资料、数理统计以及录像观察法,对2011-2012赛季NBA总决赛热火队与雷霆队5场比赛进行研究,结果表明:篮板球是热火队在比赛中获胜的主要技术因素;投篮出手次数反映了热火队制胜的战术因素;犯规次数反映了热火队制胜的经验因素;同时核心球员的心理素质以及技战术能力和角色球员良好的发挥都是热火队制胜的主要因素。

美国俄克拉荷马州教材评价体系探析及启示

教材评价是促进各国课程教材发展的关键。俄克拉荷马州教材评价体系是美国教材评价的典型代表,其评价体系的构建有别于其他各州,并具有重视教材评价系统的完整性、十分关注教科书的内容属性和教学属性及学生的学习等特点,其蕴含的教材评价理念对我国教材评价体系与行政的关系、人员构成、评价内容及评价重点多方面具有重要启示。

Novel approaches to combat chemoresistance against glioblastomas

The poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)patients is in part due to resistance to current standard-of-care treatments including chemotherapy[predominantly temozolomide(TMZ;Temodar)],radiation therapy and an anti-angiogenic therapy[an antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor(bevacizumab;Avastin)],resulting in recurrent tumors.Several recurrent GBM tumors are commonly resistant to either TMZ,radiation or bevacizumab,which contributes to the low survival rate for GBM patients.This review will focus on novel targets and therapeutic approaches that are currently being considered to combat GBM chemoresistance.One of these therapeutic options is a small molecule called OKlahoma Nitrone 007(OKN-007),which was discovered to inhibit the transforming growth factor β1 pathway,reduce TMZ-resistance and enhance TMZ-sensitivity.OKN-007 is currently an investigational new drug in clinical trials for both newly-diagnosed and recurrent GBM patients.Another novel target is ELTD1(epidermal growth factor,latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1;alternatively known as ADGRL4,Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4),which we used a monoclonal antibody against,where a therapy against it was found to inhibit Notch 1 in a pre-clinical GBM xenograft model.Notch 1 is known to be associated with chemoresistance in GBM.Other potential therapeutic targets to combat GBM chemoresistance include the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway,nuclear factor-κB,the hepatocyte/scatter factor(c-MET),the epidermal growth factor receptor,and the tumor microenvironment.

Modeling the Resilience of Power Distribution Systems Subjected to Extreme Winds Considering Tree Failures:An Integrated Framework

Overhead electrical power distribution systems(PDS)are very susceptible to extreme wind hazards.Power outages can cause catastrophic consequences,including economic losses,loss of critical services,and disruption to daily life.Therefore,it is very important to model the resilience of PDS against extreme winds to support disaster planning.While several frameworks currently exist to assess the resilience of PDS subjected to extreme winds,these frameworks do not systematically consider the tree-failure risk.In other words,there is no integrated framework that can simultaneously consider tree failures,PDS component failures induced by falling trees,resilience assessment,and evaluation of resilience enhancement with vegetation management.Therefore,this study proposed an integrated simulation framework to model the resilience of PDS against extreme winds,which includes tree fragility modeling,PDS fragility modeling,PDS component failure estimation,system performance evaluation,system restoration modeling,and resilience enhancement evaluation.The framework is demonstrated with a power distribution network in Oklahoma.The results show that the estimated system resilience will reduce if tree failures are considered.Crown thinning can effectively enhance the system’s resilience,but the effectiveness is affected by both wind speed and direction.

在线资源获取系统LORA剖析

解析美国俄克拉荷马大学图书馆在线资源获取系统LORA的公共用户界面、工作人员界面以及整个系统的功能特点,揭示开发数据库管理电子期刊的目的、意义及LORA系统未来将要完善的计划,认为我国图书馆工作人员可以借鉴LORA系统的设计思路,进一步完善我国电子资源管理系统功能。