Inhibitory Effect of Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides on tTG Expression in Cultured Bovine Trabecular Meshwork Cells

To study the effect of tTG fully phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotides （tTG-ASDON） on tTG expression in cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells （BTMCs） in vitro and explore a new treatment alternative for primary open angle glaucoma （POAG）, the ASDON1 and ASDON2 complementary to the protein codogram region of tTG were designed, synthesized and phosphorothioated according to the secondary structure of tTG. The ASDON1 and ASDON2 were embedded in Lipofectamine and transfected into BTMCs. The untreated group served as negative controls. The expression of tTG in the mRNA and protein level were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical technique-Supervision method respectively. Our results showed that both the mRNA and the protein of tTG with tTG-ASDON1 and tTCr-ASDON2 were significantly decreased as compared with that of the controls （P〈0.05）. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between the ASDON1 group and the ASDON2 group. It is concluded that the expression of tTG mRNA and protein in cultured BTMC are down-regulated by tTG- ASDON. As a result, tTG-ASDON may be used for the treatment of POAG through the inhibitory effect on the expression of tTG.

Local Delivery of C-myc Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide by Gelatin Coated Platinium-Iridium Stent to Prevent Restenosis in a Normal Rabbit Carotid Artery

Objectives To investigate the feasibility and effect of local deliveryof c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) by gelatin coated Platinium-Iridium stent to prevent restenosis in a normal rabbit carotid artery. Methods Gelatin coated Platinium-Iridium stent were implanted in the right carotid arteries of 32 rabbits under vision. Animals were randomized to the control group and the treated group receiving c-myc ASODN (n=16 respectively).7, 14, 30,90 days following the stenting procedure, morphometry for caculation of neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness were performed.The expression of c-myc protein was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Results 32 stents were successfully implanted into the right carotid arteries in 32 animals.Morphometric analysis showed that neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness siginificantly increased continuously up to 12 weeks after stent implantation,and at each time point , neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness were siginificantly smaller in the treated group than control group. (P<0.001,respectively).c-myc protein expression was weak positive or negative in treated group and positive in control group. Conclusions Gelatin coated Platinium-Iridium stent mediated local delivery of c- myc ASODN is feasibility , and it can inhibit neointimal hyperplasia to prevent restenosis in a normal rabbit carotid artery.

INHIBITION EFFECT OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES ON C6 GLIOMA

Objective: To explore the probability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as a developing new therapeutic strategy for glioma. Methods: VEGF protein expression was detected by S-P immunohistochemical technique. Tumor cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL method. Results: Compared with control, VEGF protein expression was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in vitro. And the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing concentration. VEGF positive rate was 82.10% in control group, while in 2.5, 5, 10 mmol/L AODN groups, they were 70.00%, 57.85%, 53.20% respectively. No inhibition effect was found in the cell lines treated with missense and sense oligodeoxynucleotides. In vivo, antisense oligodeoxy-nucleotides therapy also inhibited VEGF protein expression and induced the increase of apoptotic tumor cells. However, it has no effect on tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion: It is hopeful that VEGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides may be a new gene therapy method to glioma through its antiangiogenesis effect by inhibition of VEGF.

Effect of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Directed to NF-κB-RelA on Bcl-x_L mRNA in Extended Drug Resistance Leukemia Cell Line HL- 60/E6

To explore the effect of NF κB on bcl x gene transcription in extended drug resistance leukemia cell line HL 60/E6, drug resistant subline HL 60/E6 was derived by intermittently exposing HL 60 cells to 6 ng/ml epirubicin. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate the location of NF κB RelA in HL 60/E6 cells. FCM analysis and RT PCR were used to detect the efficiency of liposome mediated ODN transfection and the change of bcl x L mRNA levels after 5 μmol/L phosphorothioate (PS) derivatized antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed to RelA was transferred into HL 60/E6 cells. The results showed that RelA remained persistently active and located at the nuclei of HL 60/E6 cells,but in the cytoplasm of HL 60 cells, the efficiency of liposome mediated ODN transfection was significantly higher than that of null ODN ( P <0.01 in 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). Exposure of HL 60/E6 cells to 5 μmol/L AS PS ODN directed to RelA led to a maximal 40 % decline of bcl x L mRNA levels within 8 h. The inhibition rate of bcl x L mRNA was (15±1.79) %, (28±2.34) %, (40±3.47) %, (20±1.54) % in 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 15 h, respectively, but it was less than 15 % in control group. It was concluded that NF κB was involved in regulating bcl x transcription. It was suggested that NF κB was an important factor for drug resistance in leukemia cells.

Transfection of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibits Heparanase Gene Expression and Invasive Ability of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell in vitro

Extracellular matrix （ECM） degradation is an essential step that allows tumor cells to penetrate a tissue barrier and become metastatic. Heparanase （HPSE） is an endoglycosidase that specifically degrades heparin sulfate proteoglycans （HSPG）, a chief component of ECM, HPSE is not expressed in normal epithelial cells but can be detected in a variety of human carcinomas including pancreatic cancer. In the present study, human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 was transfected with HPSE antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （AS-ODN） in vitro, then the inhibitory effect of ASODN on HPSE gene expression and invasive ability of Panc-1 cells in vitro was examined. The HPSE mRNA and protein expression of Panc-1 cells transfected with AS-ODN was significantly inhibited. However, there were no marked inhibitory effects in Panc-1 cells treated with nonsense oligodeoxynucleotide （NS-ODN）. Moreover, a modified Boyden chamber assay demonstrated that transfection with HPSE AS-ODN significantly inhibited invasive potential of Panc-1 cells in vitro after AS-ODN transfection. This suggests that HPSE AS-ODN may contribute to the inhibition of HPSE mRNA and protein expression, and results in a decrease of the invasive ability of Panc-1 in vitro.

Effect of C-myc Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides on Hypoxia-induced Proliferation of Pulmonary Vascular Pericytes

To study the effect of c myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on proliferation of pulmonary vascular pericytes (PC) induced by hypoxia, cell culture, dot hybridization using probe of digoxigenin 11 dUTP labeled cDNA, 3H thymidine incorporation, immunocytochemical technique and image analysis methods were used to observe the effect of c myc antisense ODNs on expression of c myc gene and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and 3H thymidine incorporation of PC induced by hypoxia. The results showed that hypoxia could significantly enhance the expression of c myc and PCNA ( P <0.01), and elevate 3H thymidine incorporation of PC ( P <0.01), but antisense ODNs could significantly inhibit the expression of c myc and PCNA ( P <0.05), and 3H thymidine incorporation of PC ( P <0.01). It was suggested that hypoxia could promote the proliferation of PC by up regulating the expression of c myc gene, but c myc antisense ODNs could inhibit hypoxia induced proliferation of PC by downregulating the expression of c myc gene.

Effect of MUC2 Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide on Cell Proliferation,Adhesion,and Proteolytic Enzyme in Human Gastric Carcinoma in vitro

Objective：To investigate the effect of MUC2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （ASODN） on cell proliferation, adhesion and proteolytic enzyme inhuman gastric carcinoma cell line （SGC7901）. Methods： Phosphorothioate MUC2 ASODN was synthesized and packaged by lipofectin, and then transfected to SGC7901 cells. The expression of MUC2 mRNA and protein after transfection was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and immunohistochemical method respectively, and the effect of MUC2 ASODN on cell proliferation, adhesion and proteolytic enzyme was determined by flow cytometry（FCM）, MTT method, Rose Bengal and immunohistochemical method. Results： Compared with the blank control group, ASODN efficiently downregulated the expression of MUC2 mRNA and protein in SGC7901 cells 48h after transfection（P〈0.01）. Various concentrations of ASODN could significantly inhibit the growth of SGC7901, and the inhibition peaked at the 48th hour after transfection（P〈0.05）. The apoptosis rate of the experimental group was about 4.38%, and the percentage of S-phase cells rose while G0/G1-phase cells fell because most of them were blocked at S-phase. In addition, cells treated with MUC2 ASODN showed lower adhesion ability with matrix and endothelial cells than control cells in vitro（P〈0.01）. By immunohistochemical method, the upregulation of E-cadherin proteins and the downregulation of MMP2 and cathepsinD proteins were also observed（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： MUC2 ASODN could efficiently inhibit SGC7901 cell proliferation, reduce cell adhesion ability and downregulate the expression levels of proteolytic enzyme in vitro.

Antiviral effects of two antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides against Japanese encephalitis virus strain SA--14 in cultured BHK21 cells

To investigate the potential utility of nuclease--resistant oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODN) as anew class of antiviral agents. Methods: Two antisense phosphorothioate analogues (20--iner) complementary to thesequences of the first AUG codon and 5’ terminus of NSS of JEV SA--14 genome have been synthesized and their effects on CPE, viral antigen expression and virus plaque formation were tested in vitro. Results: The resultsshowed that 1. 0 pmol/L of S-ODN greatly deferred the onset of CPE in cultured BHKZI cells for at least 48 h.Addition of 5. 0 pmol/L or more S--ODN to culture medium fluid, 2 h prior to 100TCID,,virus inoculum, notablysuppressed viral antigen expression in the cells by making it lower than the limit of EIA detection in 48 h. The inhibition lasted more than 96 h. Viral plaque assay results demonstrated that S-ODN were most effect’ive within 18h with plaque inhibition rate over 90% by 5. 0 pmol/L S--ODNI. The inhibitory activity soon faded in 24 h. In addition, high concentrations (up to 80. 0 pmol/L) of S--ODN did not show any obvious cytotoxicity in 6 d by usingtrypan blue dye exclusion method. Conclusion: The specific synthetic S--ODN transitorily inhibited JEV replicationin BHK--ZI cells with characteristics of specificity and S--ODN dose--dependence.

Effects of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide to Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor on the Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cells Derived from Human Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma in Vitro

The human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma （hOMC） cells were co-cultured with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （antisense ODN）, nonsense ODN, and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） at different concentrations for the purpose of observing the effects of antisense ODN to FSH receptor （FSHR） on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured hOMC cells in vitro. The inhibitory rates of growth were measured by using MTT method on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after the interference of antisense ODN, nonsense ODN, and FSH, respectively. The apoptotic rates and the cell cycles were determined by means of flow cytometry, the apoptosis indexes were detected by using TUNEL, and the expression of caspase-3 was measured by using SP immunohistochemistry. Compared with that in the control group, the proliferative activity of hOMC cells was increased obviously in FSH groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, decreased distinctly in antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and unchanged in nonsense ODN groups, respectively. Meanwhile, antisense ODN could significantly antagonize the FSH-promoted cell proliferative activity （P〈0.01）. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptotic rates and the expression of caspase-3 were dramatically increased in the mid- and high-dose antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, while the number of cells in G1/G0 phase was significantly decreased and that in S phase distinctly increased （P〈0.01）, There was no change in nonsense ODN groups （P〉0.05）, It was suggested that FSH may improve the development of hOMC cells, However, antisense ODN could inhibit proliferative activity and the FSH-promoted proliferative activity in hOMC cells, at the same time, antisense ODN could inhibit hOMC cell growth by inducing apoptosis.

Inhibition of α_1(Ⅰ) collagen gene in vitro transcription by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

Objective and Methods: Excessive accumulation of collagen typeⅠ and type Ⅲ causes the formation of keloids and hypertrophic scars. To understand the mechanism by which antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (Oligo) acts on in vitro transcrption α1 (I) collagen gene, isotopes (α-32pGTP) was incorporated into 2 SP6 in vitro transcription systems. Results and Conclu- sion: Oligo 2 (at the transcription start region) could effectively inhibit in vitro transcription of pGEM3-Col13 and the control (random oligodeoxynucleotides) showed no inhibition. However, oligo 1 (at the transcription start region) obviously inhibited the in vitro transcription of pGEM3-Col14, while Oligo 2, which targeted at the down stream region (about 200 bp) of the promoter showed no significant inhibition effect.

Inhibitory effect of EGFR antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on human hepatoma cell line

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death worldwide. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in many human tumors and provides a new target for anticancer drug development. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of EGFR antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on human HCC. METHODS:SMMC-7721 cells in culture were treated with 10 μmol/L antisense-odn for 24, 48, 72 hours respectively and MTT assay was adopted to determine the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. About 2 ×106 SMMC-7721 cells with or without pretreatment(30 μmol/L oligodeoxynucleotide) were inoculated into subcutaneous flap of 21 nude mice, of which 7 were treated with EGFR antisense-odn, 7 with scrambled oligodeoxynucleotide (scrambled-odn), and 7 not treated in vivo. RESULTS:In vitro, after 24, 48, 72 hours the inhibitory rate of proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells treated with EGFR antisense-odn was 8%, 32%, and 34% respectively. In vivo after 8 weeks, no palpable tumor was found in 1/7 mice receiving cells pretreated with antisense-odn, whereas 7/7 untreated mice and 6/7 mice treated with scrambled-odn developed palpable tumors. Tumor growth in antisense-odn treated mice was significantly inhibited in comparison with that of those untreated (P【0.01) or treated with scram-bled-odn (P【0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide acts as a specific growth inhibitor on SMMC-7721 in a sequence specific and time-dependent manner. EGFR antisense-odn can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cell in vitro as well as in vivo, indicating that EGFR may play an important role in the development of hepatoma and will be a new target for its treatment.

Inhibitory effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on replication and expression of HDV genome in vitro and in vivo

Objective:To studytheinhibitoryeffectsof antisenseoligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN)anditsthiophosphate(S-ASODN)on thereplicationandexpressionof hepatitisD virus(HDV)in H1δ9cellsandin tupaiabody.Methods:After15mer-ASODNandS-ASODNweresynthesized,differentconcentrationsof ASODNandS-ASODNwereaddedto theculturemediumof H1δ9celllineandthenHDAgin thesupernatantof theculturewas examinedwithELISAand HDV-RNAinthecellsdeterminedwithdotblothybridization.SixteentupaiaeweresuccessfullyinfectedwithHDVand thenequallyrandomizedinto2groups.In thetreatedgroup,theanimalsreceivedintravenousinjectionsof S-ASODN3mg everyotherdayfor7timesandthecontrolgroupwereinjected withsamevolumeof normalsaline.On the5th,10th,15thand20thdayaftertheadministration,samplesof bloodandlivertissueswereexaminedwithimmunohistochemical methodforHDAganddotblothybridizationandin situ hybridizationforHDV-RNA.Results:Twenty-fourhoursafter theadditionof a finalconcentrationof6μmol/Lof S-ASODN,thereplicationof HDV-RNAandthereleaseof HDAgin theH1δ9cellsweresuppressedby84.5%and76.14%respectively.Theinhibitionwas dose-dependentwhenthefinal concentrationsof2,4and6μmol/Lof S-ASODNweregiven.WhenASODNandS-ASODNwereadministeredinthe samedosage,theinhibitionshowedno significantlydifferencebetweenthe2agents.On thelastdayof theadministration of S-ASODN,7outof the8tupaiaeof thetreatedgroupshowednegativeHDAgandHDV-RNAinthelivertissuewhile only1outof the8tupaiaeof thecontrolgroupwasnegative.Tendaysafterthecessationof drugadministration,3tupaiae of thetreatedgroupand7of controlwerepositiveof HDAgandHDV-RNA.Conclusion:OurfindingsshowthatS-ASODNefficientlyinhibitesthereplicationandexpressionof HDVgeneinH1δ9cellsandin thebodyof tupaia,which providesanexperimentalbasisfortheanti-HDVapplicationof antisenseoligonucleotides.

Inhibitory effects of EGFR antisense oligodeoxynucleotide in human colorectal cancer cell line

INTRODUCTIONEpidermal-growth-factor receptor(EGFR) is apolypeptide with 1186 amino acids,which binds toEGF family growth factors.Two major naturalligands in the family interact with EGFR:one isEGF,the other is transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α).When EGF or TGF-α,binds to EGFR,tyrosine kinase activity is induced which in turntriggers a series of events regulating the cellgrowth.The importance of EGFR in growthregulating pathways was confirmed by the fact

ENHANCEMENT OF RADIATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN RAJI CELL LINE BY BC1-2 ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE

Objective: To investigate whether the Bc1-2 antisense oligonucleotide(ASODN) may enhance radiation-induced apoptosis in Raji cell line. Methods: Cell surviving fraction was determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The expression level of bc1-2 protein was assayed by immunofluorescence using fluoresce isothiocyanate label. Apoptosis was detected by Giemsa staining and flow cytomertric cell cycle analysis. Results: It was found that Bc1-2 ASODN combined with radiation had significantly reduced the number of viable cells (P<0.05). There was no difference on cell survival between mismatch Bc1-2 oligodeoxynucleotide/radiation combination and radiation-treated cells alone. Bc1-2 ASODN combined with radiation could significantly inhibit expression of Bc1-2 protein in Raji cells (P<0.05). Cells treated with Bc1-2 ASODN combined with radiation at 72 h displayed classic apoptotic changes. Apoptosis rates of Raji cells treated with Bc1-2 oligodeoxynucleotide/radiation combination and radiation-treated cells alone, respectively. Conclusion: Bc1-2 antisense oligonucleotide can enhance radiation-induced apoptosis in Raji cell line.

Inhibitory effects of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides on pancreatic cancer cell Bxpc-3 telomerase activity and cell growth in vitro

瞄准：在增长和胰腺的癌症房间线 Bxpc-3 的 telomerase 活动上调查 telomerase hTERT 基因反感觉 oligonucleotide (hTERT-ASO ) 的效果。方法：MTT 试金被用来在不同时间在 Bxpc-3 房间的增长上检测 hTERT-ASO 的不同剂量的效果。学习反肿瘤活动，房间被划分成三个组：控制组(胰腺的癌症房间 Bxpc-3 ) ；反察觉到 oligonucleotide (hTERT-ASO ) 组；并且没有意义 oligonucleotide 组与 phosphorothioate 装饰了。Telomerase 活动用 TRAP-PCR-ELISA 被检测。房间 DNA 分发用流动血细胞计数试金被检验。房间 apoptosis 被传播电子显微镜在每个组观察。结果：有 6 mmol/L hTERT-ASO 的术后疗法，房间增长在剂量依赖者和时间依赖者举止被禁止。telomerase 活动减少了有为 72 h 的 hTERT-ASO 的术后疗法。流动血细胞计数证明 G0/G1 阶段的房间数字从 2.7% ～ 14.7% 增加了， S 阶段的房间数字从 72.7% ～ 51.0% 减少了，并且一座 sub-G1 阶段房间 apoptosis 山峰出现在 G1 舞台前面。结论：Telomerase 反感觉 oligodeoxy 核苷酸能禁止胰腺的癌症房间线 Bxpc-3 和减少的增长 telomerase 活动和增加房间 apoptosis 率在试管内。

The effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting Aurora A kinase on cell proliferation and chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in human lung cancer cell line A549

Objective: Aurora A kinase representing a family of evolutionarily conserved mitotic serine/threonine kinases has been found elevated in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. It is suggested that the overexpression of Aurora A con- tributes to the carcinogenesis, chromosomal instability (CIN), and de-differentiation of lung cancers. To address its possibility as a therapeutic target for lung cancer, we employed the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) technique to inhibit Aurora A expression and investigate its effects on tumor growth and cell cycle of A549, as well as the chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. Methods: Aurora A ASODN was synthesized and transfected into A549 cells by lipofectAMINE 2000. Aurora A mRNA and protein expression were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respec- tively. Cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometer. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell inhibition ratio before and after transfection. Results: The proliferation of the A549 cells was inhibited by Aurora A ASODN dose and time dependently. It was also observed that the IC50 of A549 cells after 48 hours’ treatment of ASODN was about 300 nmol/L and under such circumstances, the Aurora A mRNA and protein expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05), along with the induction of ac- cumulation of cells in S phase and the G2-M transition. Furthermore, cell inhibition ratio of the combination of Aurora A ASODN and paclitaxel was higher significantly than paclitaxel (P < 0.05) or Aurora A ASODN alone (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition of Aurora A expression can result in the suppression of cell growth and chemosensitizing activity to paclitaxel in human lung cancer cell line A549.

Apoptosis induction with polo-like kinase-1 antisense phosph-orothioate oligodeoxynucleotide of colon cancer cell line SW480

AIM: To investigate the effects of polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on apoptosis and cell cycle of human colon cancer cell line 5W480.METHODS: After SW480 colon cancer cells were transfected with PLK1 ASODN, Northern and Western blot analyses were used to examine PLK1 gene expression in cancer cells. We studied apoptosis using terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl nick end labeling. Apoptosis and cell cycle of SW480 cells were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter scan.RESULTS: The levels of PLK1 mRNA and protein were greatly inhibited by PLK1 ASODN in SW480 cancer cells transfected with PLK1 ASODN. Apoptosis index (AI) induced PLK1 ASODN in a time- and dose-dependent manner.Results from FLM showed that sub-2N DNA content of transfected cancer cells was significantly increased and arrested at G2/M compared with control groups.CONCLUSION: PLK1 ASODN can induce apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line SW480.

Inhibition of Leukemic Cell Telomerase Activity by Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides

Objective To evaluate the effect of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) gene antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) on telomerase activity in K562 cells.Methods Telomerase activity was detemined by polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunoassay (PCR-ELISA) in K562 cells treated with ASODN and hTERTmRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The hTERTmRNA level was decreased,and telomerase activity was significantly inhibited when the K562 cells were treated with ASODN for 48 h. Conclusion It is suggested that hTETR ASODN might specifically inhibit telomrase activity of K562 cells at translation level,and it is further proved that hTERT gene has significant correlation with telopmerase activity.

Hepatic artery infusion of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and lipiodol mixture transfect liver cancer in rats

AIM: To study the distribution and stability of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) in Walker-256 cells and their distribution in liver, lung and kidney tissues after being infused alone or mixed with lipiodol via hepatic artery in a rat liver tumor model.METHODS: 5'-Isothiocyananate (FITC)-labeled vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ASODN was added into Walker-256 cell culture media. Its distribution in cells was observed by fluorescence microscope at different time points. Walker-256 carcinosarcoma was transplanted into Wistar rat liver to establish a liver cancer model. 5'-FITC-labeled VEGF ASODN mixed with (mixed group, n = 6) or without (TAI group, n = 6)ultra-fluid lipiodol was administrated via hepatic artery.Frozen samples of liver, lung and kidney tissue were taken from rats after 1, 3 and 6 d, respectively. The distribution of ASODN was observed under fluorescent microscope.RESULTS: ASODN could enter cytoplasm within 2 h and nuclei within 6 h. Accumulation of ASODN reached the peak point in nuclei at 12 h, and then disappeared gradually. No fluorescence could be seen in cells at 48 h. In vivo experiment, on d 1 and 3 the fluorescence staining in liver was stronger in mixed group than in TAI group and more fluorescence could be detected in lung and kidney in TAI group than in mixed group. On d 6, no fluorescence could be detected in TAI group, but faint fluorescence could be seen in mixed group. ASODN could be seen in cancer cells and normal hepatic cells. In mixed group, ASODN was mainly distributed in liver tumor tissues.CONCLUSION: ASODN can transfect Walker-256 cells.ASODN mixed with lipiodol infusion via hepatic artery can be used in the treatment of HCC.