Automated deep learning system for power line inspection image analysis and processing: architecture and design issues

The continuous growth in the scale of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications in transmission line inspection has resulted in a corresponding increase in the demand for UAV inspection image processing. Owing to its excellent performance in computer vision, deep learning has been applied to UAV inspection image processing tasks such as power line identification and insulator defect detection. Despite their excellent performance, electric power UAV inspection image processing models based on deep learning face several problems such as a small application scope, the need for constant retraining and optimization, and high R&D monetary and time costs due to the black-box and scene data-driven characteristics of deep learning. In this study, an automated deep learning system for electric power UAV inspection image analysis and processing is proposed as a solution to the aforementioned problems. This system design is based on the three critical design principles of generalizability, extensibility, and automation. Pre-trained models, fine-tuning (downstream task adaptation), and automated machine learning, which are closely related to these design principles, are reviewed. In addition, an automated deep learning system architecture for electric power UAV inspection image analysis and processing is presented. A prototype system was constructed and experiments were conducted on the two electric power UAV inspection image analysis and processing tasks of insulator self-detonation and bird nest recognition. The models constructed using the prototype system achieved 91.36% and 86.13% mAP for insulator self-detonation and bird nest recognition, respectively. This demonstrates that the system design concept is reasonable and the system architecture feasible .

Stylistic Analysis on English On-line Chat

Based on the fact that on-line chat has become the most developing language form in the information age, this article point out the stylistic features of on-line English chat. Though in written language form, such language is spoken language in nature, thus it is worthwhile to analyze this special phaenomenon in lexical and grammatical level.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF AN ON-LINE THERMAL NEUTRON PROMPT-GAMMA ELEMENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM

This paper introduces the principles, instrumentation, implementation, and industrial applications of an on- line thermal neutron prompt- gamma element analysis system (using a 252Cf neutron source, Am- Be neutron source, or neutron generator). The energy resolution of the system at the H prompt- gamma full- energy photopeak (2.22325 MeV) is 3.6 keV. The concentration measurement error of A12O3, Fe2O3, CaO and SiO2 is ±0.3%,±0.1%.±0.4% and ±0.4%, respectively.The system has been tested on- site at both the Shandong and the Zhengzhou Aluminum Works. Our preliminary on- site measurements confirm that the stability, reliability, measurement range, and accuracy of the system can meet the requirements of the aluminum production process. Facilitation of this measurement at aluminum plants is expected to reduce plant costs by over 3 million dollars annually through reduced energy consumption, more rapid qualification of pulps being mixed during the production process, and in reduced labor costs.

Mechanics Analysis of Overhead Transmission Lines Based On-line Monitoring

At present, the on-line monitoring is widely applied to the power line monitoring. In this paper, a new mechanical calculation model is established according to the on-line monitoring. And this model is based on the parameters that tension sensors and angle sensors on suspended points detect, and combines with the parameters of the wire itself, and also considers the deflection angel of wires due to wind. In this model, mechanics parameters of wires are turned into the new coordinate plane after deflection angel of wires due to wind, or windage yaw plane. A statics tension balance equation is built in the vertical direction of the new windage yaw plane. According to the theoretical analysis and algorithm, we verify the accuracy of this newly developed mechanical calculation model.

On-line Batch Process Monitoring and Diagnosing Based on Fisher Discriminant Analysis

A new on-line batch process monitoring and diagnosing approach based on Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) was proposed. This method does not need to predict the future observations of variables, so it is more sensitive to fault detection and stronger implement for monitoring. In order to improve the monitoring performance, the variables trajectories of batch process are separated into several blocks. The key to the proposed approach for on-line monitoring is to calculate the distance of block data that project to low-dimension Fisher space between new batch and reference batch. Comparing the distance with the predefine threshold, it can be considered whether the batch process is normal or abnormal. Fault diagnosis is performed based on the weights in fault direction calculated by FDA. The proposed method was applied to the simulation model of fed-batch penicillin fermentation and the results were compared with those obtained using MPCA. The simulation results clearly show that the on-line monitoring method based on FDA is more efficient than the MPCA.

Genetic Relation Analysis on Ramie[Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud.]Inbred Lines by SRAP Markers

The objective of this article is to reveal the variations of ramie inbred lines in DNA level and discuss their molecular background to provide a theoretical basis for ramie cross breeding. In the present study, the genetic relationships among 33 inbred line accessions and two wild types that originated from China and Brazil were estimated using sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） markers. The results showed that 33 out of 81 primer combinations turned out to be polymorphic and 332 polymorphism bands were obtained. On the basis of the appearance of the markers, the genetic relationships were analyzed using unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic average cluster analysis （UPGMA）, and the genetic Jaccard similarity coefficients were calculated. The inbred-lines originating from China and Brazil formed a cluster suggesting a possibility that the Brazilian cultivars could have developed from cultivars introduced from China. Within ramie inbred-lines, the groupings also indicated that the greatest genetic relationship among cultivars was correlated to the region of origin of cultivars. The results provided the evidence that SRAP was an efficient approach, suitable for taxonomic analysis of ramie inbred lines, To the authors＇ knowledge, this is the first application of SRAP marker on the systematics of ramie inbred lines.

Molecular analysis and anticancer properties of two identified isolates,Fusarium solani and Emericella nidulans isolated from Wady El-Natron soil in Egypt against Caco-2(ATCC) cell line

Objective:To characterize,identify and investigate the anticancer properties of two new soil fungal isolates,Emericella nidulansand Fusarium solani isolated from Wady El-Natron in Egypt against colon cancer Caco-2(ATCCj cell line.Methods:Soil sample was cultured and two strains were chosen for morphological and phenotypical characterization.Partial sequences of the 18s rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer region ITS of the two isolates were amplified by PCR.Phylogenetic tree construction and analysis of the resulted multiple sequences from the two fugal isolates were also carried out.In vitro anticancer activity of the two strains was done against colon Caco-2 cancer cell line.Reverse transcription — PCR was carried out to detect level of expression of p53 in Caco-2 cell line.Results:HF.I displayed morphological and genotypic characteristics most similar to that of Fusarium solani while HF.2 was most similar to Emericella nidulans with high similarity of 99%and 97%respectively.The multiple sequence alignment of the two fungal isolates showed that,the maximum identical conserved domains in the 18s rRNA genes were identified with the nucleotide regions of Slst to 399th base pairs,88th to 525th base pairs respectively.While those in the ITS genes were identified with the nucleotide regions of 88th to 463rd and Slst to 274th.The two isolates showed IC<sub>50 value with（6.24±5.21） and（9.84±0.36） μ g/mL) concentrations respectively at 28h.Reverse transcription- PCR indicated that these cells showed high level of expression for p53 mRNA.Conclusions:The morphology and molecular analysis identified HF.1 and HF.2 to be Fusarium solani and Emericella nidulans;new isolates of anticancer producing fungi from Wady El-Natroon city in Egypt.Treatment with the two isolates caused P53 expression in Caco-2 cell line.These two isolates can be used as an anticancer agents.

Analysis of field coupling to transmission lines with random rotation over the ground

In this paper we analyze plane wave coupling to transmission lines rotating randomly over an infinite and perfectly conducting ground and present an efficient method to calculate average voltage. Under the assumption of small rotation quantity, the factors affecting the induced voltage and their effects are analyzed and then an efficient method to calculate the average voltage is presented when the distribution of the random rotation angles is uniform in [-π, π]. The results show that voltage variation is mainly due to the change of the source term. The effects of the source term increase linearly with the magnitude of the incident wave, change periodically with the rotation angle, and are larger in the high frequency range than in the low frequency range. The results show that the average voltages obtained by the proposed method agree well with those via the Monte Carlo method and the proposed method is much more efficient. The results also imply that the effect of random rotation is more important than that of random translation.

NEAR CRACK LINE ELASTIC－PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A CRACK LOADED BY ANTIPLANE POINT FORCES

In this paper, the improved near crack line analysis method proposed in Refs. [1]and [2] is used to investigate a mode Ⅲ crack loaded by antiplane point forces in aninfinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The solutions of this paper aresufficiently precise near the crack line region because. the assumptions of the smallscale yielding theory have not been used and no other assumptions have been taken.

Comprehensive Evaluation of New Self-cultivated Sugarcane Lines by Grey Relational Analysis

The grey relational analysis( GRA) was used to evaluate the 10 sugarcane lines by 13 main agronomic characters. The result showed that the grey correlation degree of self-cultivated lines GNY08- 320(0. 7502),GNY08- 336(0. 7409),GNY08- 186(0. 7369),and GNY08- 225(0. 7277) were higher than ROC22(CK),so the 4 lines can be further tested,and the others were worse than CK that should be further observed or eliminated.

Cracking analysis of fracture mechanics by the finite element method of lines(FEMOL)

The Finite Element Method of Lines （FEMOL） is a semi-analytic approach and takes a position between FEM and analytic methods. First, FEMOL in Fracture Mechanics is presented in detail. Then, the method is applied to a set of examples such as edge-crack plate, the central-crack plate, the plate with cracks emanating from a hole under tensile or under combination loads of tensile and bending. Their dimensionless stress distribution, the stress intensify factor （SIF） and crack opening displacement （COD） are obtained, and comparison with known solutions by other methods are reported. It is found that a good accuracy is achieved by FEMOL. The method is successfully modified to remarkably increase the accuracy and reduce convergence difficulties. So it is a very useful and new tool in studying fracture mechanics problems.

Sensitivity of Sample for Simulation-Based Reliability Analysis Methods

In structural reliability analysis,simulation methods are widely used.The statistical characteristics of failure probability estimate of these methods have been well investigated.In this study,the sensitivities of the failure probability estimate and its statistical characteristics with regard to sample,called‘contribution indexes’,are proposed to measure the contribution of sample.The contribution indexes in four widely simulation methods,i.e.,Monte Carlo simulation(MCS),importance sampling(IS),line sampling(LS)and subset simulation(SS)are derived and analyzed.The proposed contribution indexes of sample can provide valuable information understanding the methods deeply,and enlighten potential improvement of methods.It is found that the main differences between these investigated methods lie in the contribution indexes of the safety samples,which are the main factors to the efficiency of the methods.Moreover,numerical examples are used to validate these findings.

AN APPLICATION OF TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS TO STUDYING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW IN CASCADES;PART I—TOPOLOGICAL RULES FOR SKIN-FRICTION LINES AND SECTION STREAMLINES

Based on the working of Lighthill and Hunt et al., in the present paper the author has established the topological rules adapting to analysing the skin-friction lines and the section streamlines in cascades. These rules are (1) for a rotor cascade without shroud band, the total number of nodal points equals that the saddle points on the skin-friction line vector fields in eachpitch range; (2) for an annular or straight cascade with no-clearances at blade ends, the total number of saddle points is two more than that of nodal points on the skin-friction line fields in a pitch; (3) the total number of saddles in the secondary flow fields on cross-sections in cascade is one less than that of nodes; (4) in the section streamline vector fields on a meridian surface penetrating a flow passage, and on leading and trailing edge sections, the total number of nodes is equal to that of saddles; (5) on the streamline vector fields of a blade-to-blade surface, the total number of nodes is one less than that of saddles.

Interspecific Chromosome Substitution Lines as Genetic Resources for Improvement,Trait Analysis and Genomic Inference

The genetic base that cotton breeders commonly use to improve Upland cultivars is very narrow.The AD-genome species Gossypium barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum are part of

S-1-based vs non-S-1-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of S-1-based vs non-S-1-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer(AGC). METHODS: We extracted reported endpoints, including overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS), time-to-treatment failure(TTF), objective response rate(ORR) and adverse effects, from randomized controlled trials identified in PubMed, the Cochrane library, Science Direct, EMBASE and American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings. Stata software was used to calculate the pooled values.RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials involving 2176 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to non-S-1-based regimens, the use of S-1-based regimens were associated with an increase in ORR(RR = 1.300; 95%CI: 1.028-1.645); OS(HR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.99; P = 0.025), TTF(HR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.75-0.92; P = 0.000), and a lower risk of febrile neutropenia(RR = 0.225; P = 0.000) and stomatitis(RR = 0.230; P = 0.032). OS, PFS and TTFwere prolonged, especially in the Asian population. In subgroup analysis, statistically significant increases in ORR(RR = 1.454; P = 0.029), OS(HR = 0.895; P = 0.041) and TTF(HR = 0.832; P = 0.000) were found when S-1-based chemotherapy was compared to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-based chemotherapy. The incidence of leukopenia(RR = 0.584; P = 0.002) and stomatitis(RR = 0.230; P = 0.032) was higher in the 5-FU-based arm. S-1-based regimens had no advantage in ORR, OS, PFS, TTF and grade 3 or 4 adverse events over capecitabine-based regimens. CONCLUSION: S-1-based chemotherapy may be a good choice for AGC because of longer survival times, better tolerance and more convenient use.

Dynamic Analysis of Overhead Transmission Lines under Turbulent Wind Loading

Transmission tower-line systems are designed using static loads specified in various codes. This paper compares the dynamic response of a test transmission line with the response due to static loads given by Eurocode. Finite element design software SAP2000 was used to model the towers and lines. Non-linear dynamic analysis including the large displacement effects was carried out. Macroscopic aspects of wind coherence along element length and integration time step were investigated. An approach is presented to compare the probabilistic dynamic response due to 7 different stochastically simulated wind fields with the response according to EN-50341. The developed model will be used to study the response recorded on a test line due to the actual wind speed time history recorded. It was found that static load from EN overestimated the strength of conductor cables. The response of coupled system considering towers and cables was found to be different from response of only cables with fixed supports.

The selection and stability analysis of stable and high Taxol-producing cell lines from Taxus cuspidata

In this study to screen for stable, high Taxolproducing cell lines（CL5, CL12, and CL21） of Taxus cuspidata, stem tissues were used to induce calli, which were then subcultured nine times to establish suspension cell cultures. From 97 cell lines obtained from conditioned cultures, 10 cell lines with high Taxol content were selected. Stability analyses on solid and liquid B5 media were then used to obtain lines that stably produced high levels of Taxol. Fresh biomass and Taxol production of the ninth generation became stable. Taxol content of selected CL5, CL12, and CL21 samples was 0.0448, 0.0477, and0.0428% of dry mass（DW）, respectively. Proliferation of CL5, CL12 and CL21 was 346.3, 382.5, and 409.2%,respectively. From work over about 2 years, the three cell lines appear suitable for mass production of Taxol,promoting the industrialisation and commercial-scale production of Taxol using cell culture.

Near Crack Line Elastic-Plastic Analysis for an Infinite Plate Loaded by a Pair of Point Shear Forces

The near crack line analysis method was used to investigate a crack loaded by a pair of point shear forces in an infinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The analytical solution was obtained, that is the elastic-plastic fields near crack line and law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with external loads. The results are sufficiently precise near the crack line and are not confined by small scale yielding conditions.

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION LINE CIRCUITS BASED ON THE SEMIDISCRETIZATION OF TELEGRAPH EQUATIONS

A new transient analysis method for the transmission line circuits is presented in this paper. Based on the semidiscretization of the telegraph equations, a discretized time domain companion models for the transmission lines which can be conveniently implemented in a general circuit simulator such as SPICE is derived. The computation required for the model is linear with time, equivalent to the recursive convolution-based method. The formulations for both single and coupled lossy transmission lines are given. Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the method.

Axial Vibration Analysis of the Mud Recovery Line on Deepwater Riserless Mud Recovery Drilling System

The series connection of multistage pumping module is the common concept of deepwater riserless mud recovery drilling system. In this system, the influence of the mass of pumping module on the vibration of mud recovery line cannot be ignored, and the lumped mass method has been utilized to discretize the mud recovery line. Based on the analysis of different boundary conditions, the paper establishes the axial forced vibration model of the mud recovery line considering the seawater damping, and the vibration model analysis provides the universal solution to the vibration model. An example of the two-stage pumping system has been used to analyze the dynamic response of mud recovery line under different excited frequencies. This paper has the important directive significance for the application of riserless mud recovery drilling technology in deepwater surface drilling.