Improvement of Temperature Drop Model Parameters for 4200mm/3500mm Rolling of Baosteel Medium and Thick Plate

Based on the temperature situation during the rolling process of 4200 mm/3500 mm medium and thick plates at Baosteel,this article analyzes the influencing factors of temperature changes during the rolling process from the perspective of heat transfer theory and the temperature change law during the rolling process.The temperature loss during the four rolling processes is tracked on site,and the temperature drop model parameters during the rolling process of 4200mm/3500mm medium and thick plates at Baosteel are quantitatively provided.It is applied to actual rolling production and has achieved good results.

Study of main factors influencing unsteady-state temperature drop in oil tank storage under dynamic thermal environment coupling

With the increasing oil demand, the construction of oil energy reserves in China needs to be further strengthened. However, given that there has been no research on the main influencing factors of crude oil temperature drop in storage tanks under actual dynamically changing environments, this paper considers the influence of dynamic thermal environment and internal crude oil physical properties on the fluctuating changes in crude oil temperature. A theoretical model of the unsteady-state temperature drop heat transfer process is developed from a three-dimensional perspective. According to the temperature drop variation law of crude oil storage tank under the coupling effect of various heat transfer modes such as external forced convection, thermal radiation, and internal natural convection, the external dynamic thermal environment influence zone, the internal crude oil physical property influence zone, and the intermediate transition zone of the tank are proposed. And the multiple non-linear regression method is used to quantitatively characterize the influence of external ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, internal crude oil density, viscosity, and specific heat capacity on the temperature drop of crude oil in each influencing zone. The results of this paper not only quantitatively explain the main influencing factors of the oil temperature drop in the top, wall, and bottom regions of the tank, but also provide a theoretical reference for oil security reserves under a dynamic thermal environment.

In Tube Condensation:Changing the Pressure Drop into a Temperature Difference for a Wire-on-Tube Heat Exchanger

A theoretical study based on the Penalty factor(PF)method by Cavallini et al.is conducted to show that the pressure drop occurring in a wire-on-tube heat exchanger can be converted into a temperature difference for two types of refrigerants R-134a and R-600a typically used for charging refrigerators and freezers.The following conditions are considered:stratified or stratified-wavyflow condensation occurring inside the smooth tube of a wire-on-tube condenser with diameter 3.25,4.83,and 6.299 mm,condensation temperatures 35℃,45℃,and 54.4℃ and cover refrigerant massflow rate spanning the interval from 1 to 7 kg/hr.The results show that the PF variation is not linear with vapor quality and attains a maximum when the vapor quality is 0.2 and 0.18 for the R-134a and R-600a refrigerants,respectively.The PF increases with the refrigerant massflow rate if the inner diameter and saturation temperature constant,and it decreases on increasing the inner diameter to 6.299 mm for constant refrigerant massflow rate and saturation temperature.The PF for R-600a is higher than that for R-134a due to the lower saturation pressure in thefirst case.Furthermore,a stratifiedflow produces higher PF in comparison to the annularflow due to the effect of the surface tension.

Effect of relative humidity at either acute or chronic moderate temperature on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of relative humidity(RH) at either acute or chronic moderate ambient temperature(Ta) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers.Two experiments were conducted: effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on average daily feed intake(ADFI) and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at acute(1 d: 20–26 or 31–20°C,26 or 31°C for 6 h d–1 at 10:00–16:00) moderate Ta(experiment 1) and effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at chronic(step-wisely increasing temperature by 3°C every 3 d from 20 to 32°C within 15 d: 20–23–26–29–32°C) moderate Ta(experiment 2).Droppings were collected at the 2,4,6,8,and 22 h after Ta-RH controlled in experiment 1 and at the 2,4,6,and 22 h after Ta controlled to 32°C in experiment 2.The results showed that: 1) In experiment 1,85% RH increased(P<0.05) the droppings' corticosterone metabolites at the 2,6,8,and 22 h and 35% RH increased(P<0.05) it at the 2 and 22 h compared to the 60% RH.Moreover,85% RH further increased(P<0.05) it compared to the 35% RH,however,no difference(P>0.05) was found in ADFI among the three RH groups at acute moderate 26°C; 35 and 85% RH increased(P<0.05) droppings' corticosterone metabolites at the 2,6,8 and 22 h and decreased(P<0.05) ADFI compared to the 60% RH,moreover,85% RH further increased(P<0.05) droppings' corticosterone metabolites and further decreased(P<0.05) ADFI compared to the 35% RH at acute moderate 31°C; and the average of droppings' corticosterone metabolites in the whole period had a negative correlation(P<0.02) with the ADFI.2) In experiment 2,85% RH increased(P<0.01) droppings' corticosterone metabolites only at the 2 h and decreased(P<0.02) ADFI and average daily gain(ADG) compared to the 60% RH,no difference(P>0.05) in droppings' corticosterone metabolites was found between the 35 and 60% RH,however,35% RH decreased(P<0.01) ADG compared to the 60% RH,and the average of droppings' corticosterone metabolites in the whole period also had a negative correlation(P<0.02) with ADFI and ADG.In conclusion,droppings' corticosterone metabolites could be used as a RH stress index and low and high RH,especially high RH,reduced growth performance possibly through inducing RH stress at moderate temperature.

Dynamic changes of phenolic compound contents in leaf and bark of poplar during autumn temperature drop

We investigated seasonal dynamics of phenolics substance in leaf and bark of two cultivars of poplar, Populus alba×berolinensis and P. בZhonglin Sanbei 1’, during autumn temperature drop for analyzing the roles of phenolic secondary metabolites in cold resistance. Results show that the contents of condensed tannin and flavonoid in poplar leaf and the flavonoid contents in bark of P. בZhonglin Sanbei 1’ were increased with the decrease of autumn minimum temperature, showing a significantly negative correlation between the contents of soluble phenolic substance in the leaves and changeable temperature. In contrast, lignin content in the poplar leaves is decreased in the process of temperature drop, showing a significantly positive correlation. These results indicate that the variation in phenolic substance has a close correlation with its cold-resistance during the autumn temperature drop.

Evolution of a Water Pendant Droplet: Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity

As part of a better understanding of drying liquids within porous materials, measurements from 293 to 343 K of deionized water surface tension in air as a function of relative humidity are exposed. Experimental work was carried out using the pendant drop method coupled with image analysis within an adapted instrumented climatic chamber. Results show that surface tension linearly decreases when relative humidity increases. Although the effect of humidity is less compared to that of the temperature and even less compared to a surfactant impact, it must not be neglected and values have to be mentioned when dealing with water evaporation. Modifying surface tension also affects the pendant drop shape. The drying kinetics of the pendant drop volume and its outer shell are connected to this change of shape. Steam in the air can be assimilated to a wetting agent, hence a surfactant, and can be used in an environmental-friendly way to ease the drying stage. Indeed, the challenge is to limit the risk of cracking and damaging pieces during this crucial step in material processing.

Fiber Concrete under Temperature Drop Load with Stochastic FEM

Plain concrete plate and fiber concrete plate subjected to temperature drop load were analyzed on stochastic finite element method (FEM).It is found that fibers can enhance concrete ability to resist tem- perature drop load for improving concrete's fracture energy and deferring the crack process.It is found for concrete not to improve apparently its tensile strength and fracture energy is recommended to be its appraisal parameter.

A brief investigation on transversal temperature distribution during hot rolling

Temperature evolution of a working piece during hot rolling has a significant influence on the microstmcture and final mechanical properties of the material. As the measurement technologies improve, on-line measurement of the temperature across the strip width has become accessible, and thus monitoring and control of the transversal temperature distribution during hot rolling can be realized. The scanning of the temperature across the strip width can help us to understand the state of the temperature variation at the strip edges and as a result help us improve the temperature homogeneity of the strip. In this paper, reaearch on temperature distribution along the strip width is reviewed first, and then the mechanism of the scanning measuring devices is introduced. With the temperature scanning measurement data taken from the finishing mill entry point and the down coiler entry point, the temperature distribution at the strip edges is analyzed. It is pointed out that the roughing process is the main contributor to the temperature inhomogeneity. Furthermore,the contribution of the edger heater to the temperature homogeneity is investigated.

Effect of Working Temperature on the Resistance Characteristic of a Pleated Stainless Steel Woven Filter

包括渗透系数和 pleated 不锈钢的压力落下进化的抵抗特征上的工作温度的效果有 0.5 &#x3bc 的一种名字的毛孔尺寸的编织过滤器； m 被学习了。渗透系数基于压力落下数据和 Darcy 的法律被获得。在三个过滤实验，在 283 K，在 85 K 的氮和在 18 K 的液体氦的纯二氧化碳分别地被采用。渗透系数在低温实验法的温度由于过滤器元素的冷精神病医生在工作温度减少，这被发现。然后，二种 feed 泥浆，液体氮的混合和在 85 K 的固体的二氧化碳，和在 18 K 的液体氦和稳固的氮的混合，流进过滤器房间。稳固的粒子在过滤器表面上被扔通过过滤器形成一个过滤器蛋糕和净化的液体流动。压力落下进化在这二温度上显示出一样的趋势，这被发现，它能与高过滤效率被划分成三个阶段，显示为低温实验法的申请的过滤器的可行性。然而，变体蛋糕电阻被获得，它在更低的工作温度在 feed 泥浆从在稳固的粒子之间的不同相互作用被结果。

Co-seismic Water Level and Temperature Responses of Some Wells to Far-Field Strong Earthquakes and Their Mechanisms

The observation of water temperature in deep wells has been carried out for more than 20 years in China.However,study on the mechanism of water temperature response to earthquakes is inadequate.During the study of the co-seismic response characteristics of water level and temperature in 121 wells within the China subsurface fluid monitoring network at the time of the December 26,2004,M-S8.7 Indonesia earthquake,we found regular response characteristics,that is,when the water level in a deep well oscillates,the water temperature in the same well will mostly experience a cycle from dropping to restoration at the same time.The process will continue for dozens of minutes to several hours.In order to confirm the observed phenomenon,we collected the digital water level and temperature observation data for 39 far-field strong earthquakes from the Tangshan well in Hebei Province(with the data set beginning in 2001).The same response characteristics were observed.Based on the analysis of the influencing factors that may cause the water temperature drop,the authors suggest the gas escape mechanism for co-seismic water temperature drop and posit two main factors that influence the water temperature drop during the process of gas escape.Finally,the authors provide a rational explanation of some observed phenomena based on the mechanism.

Temperature Drop of Molten Metals in Open Channels

The temperature drop of molten metal flowing in open channels is numerically determined. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular geometries are considered. The overall heat transfer coefficients for the bottom, side walls and free surface of the channel have been taken from the literature. For each geometry, the volumetric flow rate, mean residence time and temperature drop as a function of the channel inclination angle were determined. The rectangular and trapezoidal geometries present the smallest temperature drops, while the triangular geometry presents the greatest temperature drop. The factors that most affect this drop are the value of the free surface area of the channel, and the average residence time of the molten metal in the channel.

光热站辅助生物质燃气炉燃烧与升负荷优化大涡模拟

生物质燃气炉设计对于提高低碳能源整合利用具有重要价值,采用LES(大涡模拟)方法,分析热管区温度分布及升负荷时出口参数变化,提出敏感温度T_(a),并分析燃料增加比b对其影响,以焓降分析底部燃烧口角度及位置的影响,得出结论:增加底部入口后,烟气流动更加顺畅,热管进、出口管温度不均情况缓解明显。在升负荷时,烟气分布更加均匀,换热均匀性提升。b=3时,流量差异较小。当底部入口角度为60°,距离热管区域距离为0.135 m时,效果最佳。整体上,增加底部燃烧口在提升设备的运行效率的同时,能够显著改善运行安全性,具有较高的应用价值。

半再生重整装置催化剂硅中毒现象及分析

某炼油企业的半再生重整装置因重整催化剂活性下降而停工,更换了第一反应器和第二反应器的催化剂。对旧催化剂进行分析后发现,第一反应器催化剂二氧化硅质量分数高达20.40%,因此判断重整催化剂发生了硅中毒。在硅中毒期间:第一反应器的温降由初期的73.70℃下降到末期的20.12℃,重整反应后移到第二反应器;循环氢的氢气纯度上升到90%,纯氢产率下降到2.17%;稳定汽油RON(研究法辛烷值)下降到83.7。重整催化剂硅中毒较为罕见,其表现与氮中毒相似,容易误判为催化剂氮中毒。对硅进行溯源,确认是原油携带。分析认为:重整预加氢捕硅剂无法完全捕获所有硅,导致部分硅穿透预加氢系统;硅对预加氢催化剂的影响小于对重整催化剂的影响;硅中毒会导致催化剂的氯流失,需要加大注氯量。

基于导通压降的大容量IGBT模块结温观测与误差分析研究

压接式绝缘栅双极性晶体管PP-IGBT(press-pack insulated gate bipolar transistor)模块因其优越的电气性能和可靠性,广泛应用于柔性直流换流阀等大功率应用场景。IGBT芯片结温的准确观测对于其运行状态的监测与剩余寿命的评估都非常重要。已有结温观测方法多是针对键合引线式IGBT,未考虑到压接式模块的特性,无法直接应用。首先,针对大容量换流阀中的压接式IGBT,提出了一种实用的模块导通压降与结温标定方法,并对结温在线估计的误差进行了全面分析。然后,基于ABB公司5SNA 3000K452300压接式IGBT模块(4500 V,3000 A)设计了结温标定方案,包括实验电路、温度标定范围选择、结温控制方式、测量电路及标定实验步骤。最后,基于脉冲测试平台,对所提方法进行了验证。实验结果表明,所提结温标定与观测方案有效,结温观测误差在±5℃以内,且能适用压接式IGBT模块存在差异的情况。

莱钢降低铁水温降关键技术研究与应用

为降低铁钢界面铁水温降,莱钢自2020年开始,通过开发“一罐到底”组织模式、铁水罐型统一、铁水运输选用汽车运输、配罐模式优化以及铁水罐加盖和高效脱硫工艺等,使莱钢运输效率明显提升,转炉入炉铁水温度持续提高,为进一步降低铁钢比、稳定转炉操作,提供了有利条件。通过各项技术研究与应用,莱钢铁水温降由230℃逐步降低到156℃,其中汽运铁水温降达到85℃,达到国内先进水平,为国内各大钢厂降低铁水温降提供了宝贵经验。

水滴形热管阵列预冷器综合换热特性数值研究

提出了一种应用于高超声速飞行器进气预冷的水滴形热管阵列预冷器构想,以实现进气预冷的高效换热和低流动损失。基于将热管处理为恒定温度导热体的简化模型假设,采用数值模拟方法研究了水滴形热管预冷器的流动换热特性以及水滴热管形状、纵向间距和来流马赫数的影响,并与具有相同截面积的圆形热管预冷器进行了对比分析。结果表明,水滴外形减少了外掠高温来流在热管尾缘脱落涡的产生,流动变得平滑。与圆形热管预冷器相比,水滴形热管预冷器极大地减小了高温来流流动损失,仅为圆形热管阵列的30%。虽然温降有所降低,但综合性能因子大于圆形热管预冷器。在本文的研究参数范围内,存在相对较优的水滴形状和热管纵向间距,可以获得更高的综合换热特性;随着来流马赫数增大,预冷器的综合换热特性有所提升。

不同散热器结构对其散热特性影响的数值研究

本文采用Flotherm热仿真软件,分别研究了翅片布局、散热器参数变化以及布置风机对散热器散热特性的影响。研究表明:①芯片节点温度Tj随空气流速Uc的提高而逐渐降低。相比于翅片沿散热器长度方向布置,翅片沿散热器宽度方向布置更优,散热器散热性能更好,芯片节点温度更低,但是随着空气流速逐渐升高时,这种优势逐渐降低。②当基板和翅片总高度一定时,存在一组最优的基板高度和翅片高度,使得散热器的散热性能最优,芯片节点温度最小。③当空气流速较低时,相比于散热器(不带风机),散热器(带风机)可明显降低芯片节点温度,节点温度降幅Tj%随空气流速Uc的提高而减小。当空气流速增大一定程度时,节点温度降幅Tj%为负值,即散热器(带风机)散热性能更差,芯片节点温度反而更高。

基于开通集射极电压下降平台的功率器件结温监测方法

准确的结温监测对功率器件可靠性评估和健康管理至关重要,因此在牵引变流器中广受欢迎。然而,传统的结温监测方法易受到负载电流变化的影响,导致监测精度不高,难以达到牵引变流器的可靠性需求。对此,该文提出一种基于开通集射极电压下降平台的功率器件结温监测方法,首先,基于功率器件的等效电路模型,对功率器件开通瞬态进行详细分析。在此基础上,对器件结温与开通集射极电压下降平台的关系进行探究,并提出一种基于杂散电感两端最大电压的开通集射极电压下降平台定位方法。进一步地,利用双脉冲实验对所研究结温监测方法的适用性进行分析验证;最后,搭建单相脉冲整流器实验平台,对所研究结温监测方法的可行性进行实验验证,该方法能够有效降低负载电流变化的影响且具有较高的灵敏度。

PEMFC新型冷却流道的数值模拟

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在运行过程中,化学反应会产生大量的热量,需要通过高效的冷却设计来带走这些热量。为了使燃料电池的温度更加均匀并提升燃料电池的效率,设计了一种新型仿生叶脉形冷却流道,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,与平行冷却流道、蛇形冷却流道在冷却流场的最高温度、进出口温差、温度均匀性和压降特性等方面进行对比研究。研究结果表明:与传统的平行和蛇形冷却流道相比,在相同的冷却条件下,仿生叶脉形冷却流道温度均匀性最好。此外,虽然蛇形冷却流道的冷却性能优于平行流道,但会导致更高的压力损失。与两种传统流道相比,在相同的冷却条件下,仿生叶脉形冷却流道不仅冷却性能最好,最高温度值降低到346.6 K,其冷却板温度均匀性UT更好,而且进出口压力差最小,造成的压降损失更小。

不同喷雾角度对混凝土仓面环境气温影响试验研究

喷雾是高温季节混凝土浇筑仓面重要的温控措施之一,但是喷雾角度对高温季节环境气温影响规律尚不明确。基于喷雾机不同喷雾角度(15°20°25°)采集到的试验数据,分析不同工况下雾化区域点、线、面的温度分布规律,对比不同喷雾角度下温度降幅、仓面降雨量、喷雾区低于喷雾水温区域面积占比。试验表明:喷雾开始时段雾化区域温度会快速下降,随着雾化区域水雾量饱和且蒸发量逐渐稳定,雾化区域温度也逐渐达到稳定状态;喷雾角度25°时仓面降雨量最小低于喷雾水温的区域面积占比最大,说明25°喷雾角度是相对最佳的。