Emergency Digestive Oncological Surgery in Yaounde (Cameroon): Indications and Short-Term Results

Background: Data on emergency digestive oncology surgery are limited in Cameroon. The aim of this work was to give the short-term results of emergency digestive carcinological surgery in our context. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical observational study with retrospective data collection in four reference hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Files of patients who had emergency digestive oncological surgery, for an acute complication, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, were included. The outcomes of the patients in the 30 days following the surgery had to be known. Results: We collected 41 patients, representing 20% of the digestive oncological surgery activity. Their average age was 51.76 ± 16.59 years with a male predominance (63.4%). The cancer complication was inaugural in 27 patients. The main tumor sites were colic (56.1%), rectal (19.5%), and gastric (9.7%). The indications for surgery were: acute bowel obstruction (60.9%), acute generalized peritonitis (29.3%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (4.9%). The tumor was diagnosed intraoperatively in 10 patients (24.4%). The main operative procedures were left colectomy (21.9%) and Hartmann’s intervention (19.5%). The morbidity and mortality rates were 60.9% and 43.9%, respectively. Preoperative anemia (p = 0.019), peritonitis as indication for surgery (p = 0.039) and TNM stage 4 (p = 0.015) were identified as associated with an increased risk of death. Conclusion: In our context, one-fifth of digestive oncological surgery is done urgently in front of an acute complication which is inaugural for cancer in nearly two-thirds of patients. Postoperative morbidity and mortality are significant.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastrointestinal tumors: Where are we now?

The peritoneal stromal tissue which provides a rich source of growth factors and chemokines is a favorable environment for tumor proliferation. The pathophysiological mechanism of peritoneal carcinomatosis is an individual sequence consisting of genetic and environmental factors and remains controversial. The natural history of the disease reveals a poor median prognosis of approximately 6 mo; however aggressive surgery and multimodal treatment options can improve oncologic outcomes. Considering peritoneal carcinomatosis as though it is a locoregional disease but not a metastatic process, cytoreductive surgery and and intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been a curative option during recent years. Cytoreductive surgery implies a series of visceral resections and peritonectomy procedures. Although the aim of cytoreductive surgery is to eliminate all macroscopic disease, viable tumor cells may remain in the peritoneal cavity. At that point, intraperitoneal chemotherapy can extend the macroscopic disease elimination to microscopic disease elimination. The successful treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis requires a comprehensive management plan including proper patient selection, complete resection of all visible disease, perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and postoperative systemic chemotherapy. Surgical and oncologic outcomes are strictly associated with extent of the tumor, completeness of cytoreduction and patientrelated factors as well as multidisciplinary management and experience of the surgical team. In this review, pathophysiology and current management of peritoneal carcinomatosis originating from gastrointestinal tumors are discussed according to the latest literature.

Evaluation of Collection and Distribution of Samples for Histological,Stereological Analysis and Cell Culture of Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumors. Procedures: The samples were submitted for the following analyses: stereology;histopathology;cell culture;breakdown for cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes (based on the Boxer breed published genome);Cell lysis for Real Time PCR and quantification of gene expression of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cells. Results: Cytogenetic chromosome analysis, 90.9% of the samples were considered to be of good quality. For gene expression quantification of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cell tumors (MCT), 95.5% of samples were considered to be of good quality. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: We seek to assess the importance of surgical collection and post-surgical tissue preparation on laboratory testing by collecting surgical material appropriately to allow accurate diagnosis and reliable clinical prognosis and minimize errors caused by inadequate preparation of samples.

The Utility of Telemedicine to Manage Post-Operative Pain

Telemedicine is defined as practicing medicine via a virtual interface, including email, telephone calls, text messages, video chatting, and personalized online programs. Telemedicine has increased over the past few decades, mainly in psychology and primary care. Recently, surgical specialties have also begun to utilize telemedicine for post-operative care. There are many studies examining telemedicine’s use in managing post-operative pain. This review paper focuses on 17 on postoperative pain management. They found that telemedicine can assist physicians in managing post-operative pain remotely by increasing adherence to post-operative regimens (p < 0.001), providing greater individualized care (p = 0.01), and decreasing post-operative pain medication dependence (p = 0.04).

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