Biventricular repair for endocardial cushion defects with double outlet right ventricle

Objective-Double outlet right ventricle,which often associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and complete endocardial cushion defects,has been considered a risk factor for biventricular repair procedure. To reviewed cases treated by biventricular repair for endocardial cushion defects with double outlet right ventricle. Methods From July to November of 2009,6

Biventricular Repair versus Uni-ventricular Repair for Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventrical Septum:A Systematic Review

The management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum（PA/IVS） remains controversial. The goal of separating systematic and pulmonary circulation can be achieved by biventricular or uni-ventricular（Fontan or one and a half ventricle repair） strategies. Although outcomes have been improved,these surgical procedures are still associated with high mortality and morbidity. An optimal strategy for definitive repair has yet to be defined. We searched databases for genetically randomized controlled trials（RCTs） comparing biventricular with uni-ventricular repair for patient with PA/IVS. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Primary outcome measures were overall survival,and secondary criteria included exercise function,arrhythmia-free survival and treatment-related mortality. A total number of 669 primary citations were screened for relevant studies. Detailed analysis revealed that no RCTs were found to adequately address the research question and no systematic meta-analysis would have been carried out. Nevertheless,several retrospective analyses and case series addressed the question of finding right balance between biventricular and uni-ventricular repair for patient with PA/IVS. In this review,we will discuss the currently available data.

Arrhythmic Risk in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair for Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum

Introduction:While previous studies only focused on the arrhythmic risk associated with specific correction strategies,this study evaluates this risk in a large cohort of paediatric patients with all phenotypes of PA-IVS after surgical repair.Methods:In this single centre observational cohort study,we retrospectively evaluated 165 patients with a diagnosis of PA-IVS and we excluded those with an exclusively percutaneous treatment,patients lost or with insufficient follow-up and those affected by other arrhythmic syndromes.Surgical history and clinical outcomes were reviewed.Results:86 patients were included in the study(54 male[62.8%],mean age 16.4±6.1 years),with median follow-up from definitive repair of 12.8 years(6.4–18.9 years).They underwent three different final repairs:23 patients(26.7%)univentricular palliation,43(50%)biventricular correction,and 20(23.3%)one and a half ventricle correction.Thirteen patients(15%)developed arrhythmia:6 patients(all the subgroups)sinus node disfunction(SND);2(biventricular repair)premature ventricular complexes;2(one and a half ventricle repair)non-sustained ventricular tachycardia;1(biventricular repair)intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia;1(one and a half ventricle repair)supraventricular tachyarrhythmia;1(biventricular repair)atrial fibrillation.Three patients with SND needed a pacemaker implantation.Only Fontan circulation showed an association with SND,while the other two groups heterogeneous types of arrhythmias.Conclusions:The low arrhythmic risk is related to surgical repair,it does not appear to be associated with native cardiomyopathy,and it appears to increase with length of follow up.Continuous follow-up in specialized centres is necessary to make an early diagnosis and to manage the potential haemodynamic impact at medium-long term.

Appropriate Heart Rate in a Patient with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Appropriate heart rate in a failing pulmonary ventricle remains unknown, particularly in congenital heart diseasewith unique hemodynamics. A 71-year-old male with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and a pacemaker for a sinusnode dysfunction suffered from heart failure symptoms with preserved left ventricular function. Simply changingthe pacemaker’s lower rate from 60 to 75 bpm, New York Heart Association classification improved from III to II,and hemodynamic parameters drastically improved. We regarded this case as informative. Appropriate heart ratecould be higher in congenital patients with failing right and non-failing left ventricles than in adults with malfunctioningLV.

鼻咽癌细胞株CNE1、HONE1、C666-1和CNE2的亚致死性损伤修复速度测定

目的测定CNE1、HONE1、C666-1和CNE2的亚致死性损伤修复速度参数-半修复时间(repair half-time,T1/2)。方法设0s、15s、30s、1h、2h、4h及6h共7个间隔时间,将8Gy照射剂量分为平分为两个4Gy间断照射4株细胞。采用集落形成法得到4株细胞在不同间隔时间两个4Gy照射后的存活分数。拟合细胞存活分数随间隔时间延长的变化曲线,并测算出T1/2。结果CNE1、HONE1、C666-1和CNE2的T1/2分别为18、22、29和27s。结论鼻咽癌细胞的亚致死性损伤修复速度较快。提示调强放疗中被延长的分次照射时间(15～45s)可能导致鼻咽癌细胞的辐射死灭效应降低。

连续压机上一种哈夫链轮加工工艺的研究

通过加工过程中不断对变形机理的分析和控制,确定一种精密能同步、哈夫可互换的特种链轮的工艺方法。采取应力两次释放,数控加工修齿、专用工装和检具等工艺手段,保证设计要求的实现。

二尖瓣环成形术在左室成形术合并CABG手术中的应用

为寻求一种有效治疗继发于缺血性心肌病的缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全 (IMR)的外科治疗方法 ,对 46例术前诊断为陈旧性心肌梗死合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的患者〔43例 (93 % )患者因出现心衰而手术治疗 ;心功能(NYHA)Ⅳ级者 2 5例 ,占 5 4% ,二尖瓣中重度关闭不全者 3 2例 ,占 70 %〕在进行二尖瓣成形术的同时行左室成形术及冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)。手术方法 :完成冠状动脉移植远端吻合后切开室壁瘤 ,经左心室途径在心室面行二尖瓣环成形术 ,之后以Dor手术方式行左心室成形术 ,最后完成冠状动脉移植物的近端吻合。结果 :围手术期总病死率为 1 5 .2 % ;EF(射血分数 ) <3 0 %的患者病死率为 2 0 .0 % ,而EF≥ 3 0 %者病死率为 1 1 .5 %。术后左室收缩末期及舒张末期容积均显著降低 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,肺动脉压亦显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。 85 %的患者术后二尖瓣关闭不全 (MR)消失或极轻 ;晚期病死率为 1 5 % ;中期存活率为 71 %。结果提示 :虽然这种复杂手术的病死率较高 ,但疗效尚令人满意。

Post-myocardial infarction giant left ventricular pseudoaneurysm presenting with severe heart failure

Left ventricle(LV) pseudoaneurysm is a late mechanical complication of myocardial infarction.A giant LV pseudoaneurysm is a rare presentation.We report a case of giant LV pseudoaneurysm in a post-MI patient who presented with gross congestive heart failure.The patient had a successful surgical repair of the aneurysm and had a favorable 3-mo outcome.The imaging modality and surgical treatment of the pseudoaneurysm are discussed.

Giant left ventricular pseudoaneurysm presenting with hemoptysis

Left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm is a late mechanical complication of myocardial infarction (MI). A giant LV pseudoaneurysm is a rare presentation. We report a case of a giant LV pseudoaneurysm in a post MI patient, who presented with hemoptysis. Hemoptysis is a rare clinical presentation of LV pseudoaneurysm. The patient had successful surgical repair of the aneurysm and had a favorable outcome in 9 mo’ follow-up. The imaging modalities and surgical treatment of a pseudoaneurysm is discussed.

The Glenn Shunt Revisited, A Single Center Registry in Ain Shams University Cardiology Department

Background:Bidirectional Glenn shunts have long been available as palliative procedures for patients with single ventricle physiology that is,patients unsuitable for biventricular repair.In our country they are performed at an older age than that recommended by the literature.So,we aim to assess post bidirectional Glenn shunt patients to detect the presence of any complications and to evaluate their functional capacity.Methods:This was a descriptive study that included all patients who underwent a bidirectional Glenn shunt and were referred for follow up in Ain shams university hospitals.History taking including NYHA class and physical activity,clinical examination,six-minutes-walk test,laboratory investigations,full echocardiographic assessment were done for all patients.Some patients needed invasive cardiac catheterization.Results:Our registry included 178 patients who underwent bidirectional Glenn procedure referred for follow up in Ain Shams university hospital from January 2019 till July 2020.The mean age of the registry was 18.7±8.26 years(range between 5 and 37 years),85 males(48%)and 93 females(52%).Regarding the basic anatomy,double outlet right ventricle with hypoplastic left ventricle was the commonest.Furthermore,our descriptive study confirmed many characteristic similarities between our patients and patients in developing countries.Our patients underwent bidirectional Glenn shunt at a median age of 6 years which is considered a relatively old age but similar to other studies that have been made in developing countries like Pakistan,India and Iran.There is a significant delay in the operation in Egyptian patients due to lack of patients’awareness,few numbers of primary health care facilities and high economic burden.Conclusion:Although the presence of slight systemic desaturation,our study demonstrated a satisfactory functional capacity among our patients;thus,bidirectional Glenn can be considered an acceptable definite univentricular repair in patients with late presentation.

Prediction of biventricular repair by echocardiography in borderline ventricle

Objective: In recent years, attempting the biventricular pathway or biventricular conversions in patients with borderline ventricle has become a hot topic. However, inappropriate pursuit of biventricular repair in borderline candidates will lead to adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is important to accurately assess the degree of ventricular development before operation and whether it can tolerate biventricular repair. This review evaluated ventricular development using echocardiography for a better prediction of biventricular repair in borderline ventricle. Data sources: Articles from January 1, 1990 to April 1, 2019 on biventricular repair in borderline ventricle were accessed from PubMed, using keywords including "borderline ventricle,""congenital heart disease,""CHD,""echocardiography," and "biventricular repair." Study selection: Original articles and critical reviews relevant to the review’s theme were selected. Results: Borderline left ventricle (LV):(1) Critical aortic stenosis: the Rhodes score, Congenital Heart Surgeons Society regression equation and another new scoring system was proposed to predict the feasibility of biventricular repair.(2) Aortic arch hypoplasia: the LV size and the diameter of aortic and mitral valve (MV) annulus should be taken into considerations for biventricular repair.(3) Right-dominant unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): atrioventricular valve index (AVVI), left ventricular inflow index (LVII), and right ventricle (RV)/LV inflow angle were the echocardiographic indices for biventricular repair. Borderline RV:(1) pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS): the diameter z-score of tricuspid valve (TV) annulus, ratio of TV to MV diameter, RV inlet length z-score, RV area z-score, RV development index, and RV-TV index, etc. Less objective but more practical description is to classify the RV as tripartite, bipartite, and unipartite. The presence or absence of RV sinusoids, RV dependent coronary circulation, and the degree of tricuspid regurgitation should also be noted.(2) Left-dominant unbalanced AVSD: AVVI, LV, and RV volumes, whether apex forming ventricles were the echocardiographic indices for biventricular repair. Conclusions: Although the evaluation of echocardiography cannot guarantee the success of biventricular repair surgery, echocardiography can still provide relatively valuable basis for surgical decision making.

右室双出口心室内隧道修补术的优化

目的对心室内隧道修补术的适应证和方法提出优化意见。方法 12 0例右室双出口 (DORV)患者接受心室内隧道修补手术 ,采用纵行切开右室流出道 ,用一补片作右心室内隧道 ,连接室间隔缺损与主动脉口 ,引导左心室血在补片下进入主动脉 ,根据解剖情况扩大右室流出道和肺动脉。另有 2例内隧道通过右房切口建立 ;对限制性室间隔缺损 ,同时扩大室间隔缺损直径。结果术后发生低心排 37例 ,总住院死亡为 2 0例 (16 .7% ) ,近 5年死亡 3例 (6 .0 % ) ,其中室间隔缺损远离大动脉开口的DORV病例行心室内隧道修补手术死亡率明显高于室间隔缺损在主动脉下。结论心室内隧道修补术选择受室间隔缺损解剖位置的影响 ,但术前心内探查三尖瓣与肺动脉瓣间距离至关重要 ;通过右房切口建立心内隧道并采用连续缝合的方法 。

Ebstein畸形的外科治疗

目的探讨手术治疗Ebstein畸形的临床疗效。方法1992年7月至2006年4月手术治疗12例Ebstein畸形的患儿,其中男8例，女4例；年龄：13个月～10岁，平均（70±32）月；体重：8．5～27kg，平均（16．8±6．4）kg；术前SPO2 85％～98％，平均（92±4）％，2例心功能Ⅰ级，7例心功能Ⅱ级，3例心功能Ⅲ级，心超均示三尖瓣重度反流；全组行三尖瓣整形术，房化右心室折叠，同时关闭房间隔缺损，其中2例行一室半手术。结果术后无死亡，复查心超示三尖瓣反流改善，胸片示心脏缩小。术后随访1个月～7年，平均（38±20）月，2例三尖瓣反流加重，心功能不全，均再次手术，1例于术后3年行三尖瓣置换术，1例于术后7年行一室半术，术后心功能恢复至I级。结论Ebstein畸形是一种少见的先天性心脏病，三尖瓣成形术能明显改善三尖瓣反流，保护右心功能，同时可根据三尖瓣和右心室发育情况决定是否行一室半术。

一个半心室矫治术的临床应用

目的:评价一个半心室矫治术的临床应用价值.方法:1993年7月～2000年8月,10例复杂先天性心脏病患者接受了一个半心室矫治术.男性6例,女性4例.年龄4.9±4.4(1.2～16.0)岁,体表面积0.65±0.32(0.42～1.48)m2,术前经皮血氧饱和度0.78士0.10(0.55～0.90).该组患者三尖瓣环Z值-5.11士2.17(-0.5～-6.8),肺动脉Nakata指数为194.4士60.4 mm2/m2.所有患者均在低温体外循环下完成手术.结果:无手术死亡,1例患者出现乳糜胸.所有患者发绀明显减轻,顺利出院.出院时经皮血氧饱和度0.95士0.05(0.84～0.99),较术前明显提高.结论:一个半心室矫治术为部分右心室功能不全的复杂先天性心脏病患者提供了新的治疗方法,术后早期效果良好.这种手术还可以作为双心室矫治术不成功时的应急手段,减低手术风险.

左心室巨大室壁瘤不同左心室成形方法的对比研究

目的研究左心室巨大室壁瘤的左心室成形方法,对改进的左心室心内膜环缩技术和传统的线性缝合技术进行近、远期疗效对比。方法自1992年1月至2004年12月,对148例左心室巨大室壁瘤患者进行手术治疗,按照手术中左心室成形方法不同分为两组,传统术式组:89例,采用传统的线性缝合成形技术;改良术式组:59例,采用改良的心内膜环缩成形技术,旷置梗死的心肌组织,再缝合环缩后的切口。采用多次信访、电话随访和门诊复查相结合的方法对两组患者术后的近、远期疗效进行对比观察。结果手术死亡5例(3.4%),其中传统术式组4例,改良术式组1例(P=0.320)。术后主要并发症为低心排血量和心室颤动。随访134例(93.7%),随访时间51.4±27.0月。远期死亡21例,术后早期心功能Ⅲ级以上是影响远期死亡的危险因素(P=0.000)。改良术式组5年和8年生存率明显优于传统术式组(91.6%vs.76.3%,P=0.040;91.6%vs.61.4%,P=0.000)。两组心功能分级(NYHA)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)术后早期和随访期间较术前改善和升高(P<0.05),改良术式组改善更明显。两组左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)术后早期与术前比较明显减小(P=0.000),但随访30个月时有重新增大的趋势(P=0.046)。传统术式组随访30个月时LVEDD扩大比率明显高于改良术式组(38.8%vs.16.7%,P=0.030)。结论左心室巨大室壁瘤的手术近、远期疗效满意,保持适当的左心室形态和容积是手术的关键。心内膜环缩法进行左心室成形是一种简单有效的手段,其远期结果优于线性缝合法。

1(1/2)心室修补手术

目的 应用 11 / 2 心室修补手术治疗小儿复杂先天性心脏病 ,探讨 11 / 2 心室修补手术指征。 方法 自1996年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,对 11例患者进行了 11 / 2 心室修补术。其中包括三尖瓣闭锁 ( a型 )、三尖瓣狭窄、室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁、肺动脉狭窄和室间隔缺损等合并右心发育不良 6例 ;埃布斯坦综合征 (Ebstein anomaly C型 )、肺动脉闭锁伴 Ebstein综合征等右心室功能不良 2例以及合并左侧上腔静脉异位引流至左心房 3例。所有患者在心内修补手术后进行双向腔静脉肺动脉吻合术 ,其中房间隔开窗 3例。 结果 手术死亡 1例 ,存活 10例 ,术后血流动力学稳定 ,随访结果满意。 结论 对复杂先天性心脏病某些选择性病例 ,11 / 2 心室修补手术是一种安全、可靠。

双向腔静脉肺动脉吻合术辅助治疗右心发育不良双心室解剖矫治术的实验研究

目的：在双向腔静脉肺动脉吻合术辅助下，完成双心室解剖矫治术的右心室容积最低限度值，观察血流动力学特点，为右心室发育不良的先天性心脏病双心室矫治术，提供理论基础及实验数据。方法：游离右上腔静脉，奇静脉结扎、切断；近右心房部位横行切断右上腔静脉，其远心端与右肺动脉端侧吻合，近心端缝闭，建立犬的双向腔静脉肺动脉吻合术的模型（ｎ＝１７）；采用介入性治疗二尖瓣狭窄的球囊导管（容积３０ｍｌ）作为材料，将球囊放置实验犬的右心室的心尖部，通过球囊体积的改变，形成右心室容积大小改变，建立右心室容积发育不良动物实验模型。结果：双向腔静脉肺动脉吻合术建立之后，右心室容积为正常的２５％以下时，主要血流动力学指标出现明显改变，如：血压、心率、心输出量等。结论：如果右心室容积是正常的２５％以上，则可以在双向腔静脉肺动脉吻合术辅助下完成双心室解剖矫治术。

1(1/2)心室修补手术治疗Ebstein畸形

目的 总结 1 心室修补手术治疗Ebstein畸形的经验。方法 1997年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 8月对 9例中、重度Ebstein畸形病人 ,行 1 心室修补手术 ,其中合并房间隔缺损 (右向左分流 ) 5例 ,三尖瓣为轻至重度反流 ;所有病人术前均有症状 ,其中心功能Ⅱ级 5例 ,心功能Ⅲ级 4例。除行三尖瓣成形及闭合房间隔缺损外 ,均行上腔静脉右肺动脉双向分流术。结果 本组无手术死亡。 1例 5岁重度三尖瓣下移患儿术后出现右侧胸腔积液 ,经穿刺治疗半月后胸腔积液消失。随访 3个月至 5年 ,心功能恢复到Ⅰ级 ,复查心脏超声提示三尖瓣轻度反流。结论 1 心室修补手术治疗可能是治疗中、重度Ebstein畸形较好的方法。其远期疗效有待于进一步观察。

2岁以上合并重度肺动脉高压先天性心脏病行单心室修复的初步研究

目的:探讨2岁以上合并重度肺动脉高压先天性心脏病(先心病)行单心室修复的手术指征及效果。方法:回顾性分析年龄>2岁合并重度肺动脉高压仅能行单心室修复的先心病患儿15例,男性9例,女性6例。年龄2.0～10岁,平均(7.8±3.8)岁。体质量11～24kg,平均(15.32±4.24)kg,术前经皮血氧饱和度(SPO2)88%～95%,平均(91.75±2.29)%。肺动脉压(mPAP)52～91mmHg((1 mm-Hg=0.133 kPa)),平均(54.61±16.8)mmHg。心脏畸形:单心室7例,三尖瓣闭锁3例,室缺远离两大动脉伴左心室发育不良型右心室双出口2例,心室不均衡型完全型房室通道2例,十字交叉心1例。均在静吸复合麻醉下先期行肺动脉环缩术,后期逐步完成双向格林或全腔肺动脉吻合术。结果:全组无住院死亡;PAB术前后mPAP、SPO2明显下降;PAB术后3～6年内完成双向格林(Glenn)4例,全腔肺动脉吻合术(TCPC)2例。结论:PAB术能有效降低肺动脉压力,≥2岁PAB术后可进一步完成Glenn或TCPC术。

半热态检修技术的开发与应用

详细介绍了金隆铜业开发的闪速炉半热态检修技术,并于2010年8月利用19天的热态检修时间,完成了对反应塔下方三角区、反应塔出口沉淀池顶、沉淀池前部三面墙侧墙部分检修更换工作。检修工作量大约是冷修的50%,但比2005年冷态检修节约30天,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。