A novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on Schottky-type p-GaN diode

In this work,a novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on a Schottky-type p-GaN diode is proposed.During the programming process,the junction switches from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state through Schottky junction breakdown,and the state is permanently preserved.The memory unit features a current ratio of more than 10^(3),a read voltage window of 6 V,a programming time of less than 10^(−4)s,a stability of more than 108 read cycles,and a lifetime of far more than 10 years.Besides,the fabrication of the device is fully compatible with commercial Si-based GaN process platforms,which is of great significance for the realization of low-cost read-only memory in all-GaN integration.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of One-Time Endodontics in the Treatment of Chronic Apical Periodontitis with Sinus Tract in Pediatric Deciduous Teeth

Objective:To observe the effectiveness and safety of one-time endodontics in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract in pediatric deciduous teeth.Methods:109 cases of children with chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract in the deciduous teeth treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and grouped by the randomized numerical table method,with 54 cases in the experimental group and 55 cases in the control group.The experimental group was treated with one-time endodontics and the control group was treated with conventional endodontics.Results:After the treatment,the total effective rate of treatment was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse events was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the satisfaction of the children's family members was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the pain duration was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the experimental group,children with chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract of the deciduous teeth were given one-time endodontic treatment,and the results of its implementation were relatively good.

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor,nutrients,and management)mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing,high density,and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction.However,it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice.A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1),5(FT2),10(FT3),15(FT4),and 20(FT5)days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6),making six treatments altogether.Cotton growth period,biomass accumulation,yield,and its formation were quantified.The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6,however,the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter.FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1396 kg ha–1),which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments,and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage.Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated.FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1)and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1)rates during the fast biomass accumulation period.These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom,and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.

One-time sintering process to modify xLi2MnO3(1-x)LiMO2 hollow architecture and studying their enhanced electrochemical performances

To solve the critical problems of lithium rich cathode materials, e.g., structure instability and short cycle life, we have successfully prepared a ZrO2-coated and Zr-doping xLi2MnO3·(1–x)LiMO2 hollow architecture via one-time sintering process. The modified structural materials as lithium-ion cathodes present good structural stability and superior cycle performance in LIBs. The discharge capacity of the ZrO2-coated and Zr-doped hollow pristine is 220 mAh g-1 at the 20th cycle at 0.2 C(discharge capacity loss, 2.7%)and 150 m Ah g-1 at the 100 th cycle at 1 C(discharge capacity loss, 17.7%), respectively. However, hollow pristine electrode only delivers 203 m Ah g-1 at the 20 th cycle at 0.2 C and 124 mAh g-1 at the 100 th cycle at 1 C, respectively, and the corresponding to capacity retention is 92.2% and 72.8%, respectively.Diffusion coefficients of modified hollow pristine electrode are much higher than that of hollow pristine electrode after 100 cycles(approach to 1.4 times). In addition, we simulate the adsorption reaction of HF on the surface of ZrO2-coated layer by the first-principles theory. The calculations prove that the adsorption energy of HF on the surface of ZrO2-coated layer is about-1.699 e V, and the ZrO2-coated layer could protect the hollow spherical xLi2MnO3·(1–x)LiMO2 from erosion by HF. Our results would be applicable for systematic amelioration of high-performance lithium rich material for anode with the respect of practical application.

Cryptanalysis of the One-Time Proxy Signature Scheme Used in Mobile Agents

We ayptanalyze Kim et. al's one-time proxy signature scheme used in mobileagents, and then a successful forgery is introduced It is showed that a dishonest customer cansuccessfully forge a valid one-time proxy signature by impersonating the stiver Furthermore, he canrequest the server with responsibility for the forged bidding information.

Design of 32 kbit one-time programmable memory for microcontroller units

A 32 kbit OTP(one-time programmable)memory for MCUs(micro-controller units)used in remote controllers was designed.This OTP memory is used for program and data storage.It is required to apply 5.5V to BL(bit-line)and 11V to WL(word-line)for a OTP cell of 0.35μm ETOX(EEPROM tunnel oxide)type by MagnaChip.We use 5V transistors on column data paths to reduce the area of column data paths since they require small areas.In addition,we secure device reliability by using HV(high-voltage)transistors in the WL driver.Furthermore,we change from a static logic to a dynamic logic used for the WL driver in the core circuit.Also,we optimize the WD(write data)switch circuit.Thus,we can implement them with a small-area design.In addition,we implement the address predecoder with a small-area logic circuit.The area of the designed 32 kbit OTP with 5V and HV devices is 674.725μm×258.75μm(=0.1745mm2)and is 56.3% smaller than that using 3.3V devices.

One-time Shaping Technological System of Lightweight Roof Greening

Lightweight roof greening is an important way for improving urban ecological environment and has good ecological and social benefits, but the investment is- too-high for the investors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of lightweight roof greening. This study introduced a lightweight roof greening mode with low cost, simple construction, rapid formation, good economic benefit and convenient curing.

Effect of Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization of Tailings Glass Ceramics Prepared by One-time Sintering

Glass ceramics was made by the one-time sintering method using the main raw material of iron tailings. On the basis of quaternary system of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, using DTA, XRD and SEM, the effects of different nucleating agents and mixing amounts as well as heat treatment on the crystallization of railings glass ceramics were studied. The experimental results show that, nucleating agent and heat treatment are two necessary conditions for one-time sintering preparation of tailings glass ceramics namely, only adding nucleating agent or experiencing heat treatment, the quaternary system can not crystallize. The composite nucleating agent consisting of Cr2O3 and TiO2 can further lead to the crystallization of the CaO-MgO-A1203-SiO2 quaternary system at the lower temperature, with the major phase of diopside. In the range of mass content, 0%-4%, crystal intensity and crystal content grow. But when mass content is more than 4%, the crystal size will become coarser and the crystal distribution will be less regular. Different heat treatment regimes do not change the composition of the crystalline major phase in the glass ceramics crystallization of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system. In the range of 30-60 minutes, with the extension of nucleation and crystallization, crystallization degree enhanced, but if the holding time surpasses 60 minutes, the crystallization is worse.

A One-Time Pad Encryption Scheme Based on Efficient Physical-Layer Secret Key Generation for Intelligent IoT System

The one-time pad(OTP)is an applicationlayer encryption technique to achieve the informationtheoretic security,and the physical-layer secret key generation(SKG)technique is a promising candidate to provide the random keys for OTP.In this paper,we propose a joint SKG and OTP encryption scheme with the aid of a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)to boost secret key rate.To maximize the efficiency of secure communication,we divide the process of secure transmission into two stages:SKG and then encrypted packet transmission.Meanwhile,we design an optimal algorithm for allocating time slots for SKG to maximize SKG efficiency without security risk.Furthermore,we design a key updating protocol based on our SKG scheme for OTP encryption.Simulation results verify that our scheme can generate keys securely and efficiently,and significantly improve the secure communication performance in an intelligent IoT system.

储粮信息系统弱密码增强多重散列保护方法研究

使用弱密码是计算机信息系统安全的重要漏洞,在粮食储藏信息化应用中亦是如此。单纯的哈希散列加密算法对弱密码存在明显局限性。结合粮库软件系统应用实际,本文提出以哈希散列算法为基础,混入盐值和引入高进制映射等进行增强处理,多次复用散列运算的弱密码保护方法。验证分析表明,方法增加了弱密码的加密值强度,阻断了字典攻击或彩虹表攻击,实现了对弱密码传递和存储的有效保护,且复杂度较低,程序实现难度低,运算耗时均值约2.5ms,对用户无感。方法用于粮食储藏信息化建设管理,可提供良好的安全保障。

基于51单片机的指纹密码锁设计与制作

文章以单片机STC89C52作为指纹密码锁的控制核心,通过4×4矩阵键盘实现按键输入,实现普通密码解锁以及指纹解锁2种解锁方式。在开机初始界面,矩阵键盘输入数字密码则实现普通密码开锁功能,如果按压AS608指纹模块,则实现指纹解锁功能。LCD12864液晶显示屏实时显示密码锁的当前状态。矩阵键盘输入实现人性化按键功能:密码输入实时加密显示输入位数,如果输入出错,则可以实现退格或者返回初始界面功能。密码锁在管理员界面,可以实现录入指纹、删除指纹以及修改开锁密码功能。设计采用AT24C02存储芯片,实现开锁密码的稳定存储功能,利用AS608集成指纹处理模块,实现指纹模板的存储功能。

口令猜测技术研究

口令猜测技术常被用于渗透测试、电子取证等领域,是提升系统安全性、电子取证能力的重要手段。为了推动口令猜测技术的发展与运用,采用了理论+实践的研究方法,系统性地研究了口令猜测相关技术和口令猜测工具链。从口令猜测工作实际需求出发,基于口令猜测工具链构建一站式分布式口令猜测系统。最后,以猜测Wi-Fi登录口令为例介绍了口令猜测过程,并证明分布式口令猜测系统易使用、性能强,可实现数百倍的性能提升。

基于零信任安全模型的轨道交通数据隐私保护

为解决轨道交通网络数据传输杂乱的问题,提升数据样本的安全性,研究基于零信任安全模型的轨道交通数据隐私保护方法。在零信任安全模型的基础上,分别定义公钥密码与私钥密码模板,建立完整的轨道交通数据隐私链路标签。完善数据样本验证机制以提升数据安全性,通过求解交互认证系数的方式辨别隐私数据样本,结合敏感度指标实现轨道交通数据隐私保护。实验结果表明,在轨道交通网络中应用零信任安全模型,可在保证正序数据传输速率的同时将乱序数据传输速率限制在3.52 Mb/ms以下,能够满足轨道交通数据隐私保护的应用需求。

基于LLM的多粒度口令分析研究

基于口令的认证是常见的身份认证机制。然而,大规模口令泄露事件时有发生,表明口令仍面临着被猜测或者盗用等风险。由于口令可以被视作一种特殊的自然语言,近年来运用自然语言处理技术进行口令分析的研究工作逐渐展开。目前少有工作在大语言模型(LLM,large language model)上探究口令文本分词粒度对口令分析效果的影响。为此,提出了基于LLM的多粒度口令分析框架,总体上沿用预训练范式,在大量未标记数据集上自主学习口令分布先验知识。该框架由同步网络、主干网络、尾部网络3个模块构成。其中,同步网络模块实现了char-level、template-level和chunk-level这3种粒度的口令分词,并提取了口令的字符分布、结构、词块组成等特征知识;主干网络模块构建了通用的口令模型来学习口令组成规律;尾部网络模块生成了候选口令对目标库进行猜测分析。在Tianya、Twitter等8个口令库上进行大量实验,分析总结了多粒度分词下所提框架在不同语言环境中的口令分析效果。实验结果表明,在中文用户场景中,基于char-level和chunk-level分词的框架口令分析性能接近一致,且显著优于基于template-level分词的框架;在英文用户场景中,基于chunk-level分词的框架口令分析性能最佳。

多服务器环境下基于椭圆曲线密码的认证协议

本文研究了多服务器环境下的认证密钥协商协议.通过对Andola等人方案的分析,利用椭圆曲线密码和随机数设计了一种改进的认证密钥协商协议.使用BAN逻辑和非形式化分析方法,对协议进行安全性分析.实验结果表明,所提协议具有更好的安全性和实用性.

格上无非交互式零知识证明的两轮三方PAKE协议

针对现有基于格的三方口令认证密钥交换(PAKE)协议通信轮次较多、执行效率较低等问题,提出一种格上无非交互式零知识证明的两轮三方PAKE协议。首先,利用非适应性近似平滑投影哈希函数实现密钥交换,在不使用非交互式零知识(NIZK)证明的前提下,降低协议的通信轮数;其次,利用哈希值和投影哈希值构造会话密钥,不需要使用随机预言机,避免了随机预言机导致的潜在口令猜测攻击。在标准模型下给出所提协议的形式化安全证明。仿真结果表明,与基于格的三方PAKE协议相比,所提协议的执行时间在客户端缩短了89.2%~98.6%,在服务器端缩短了19.0%~91.6%。验证了所提协议能够抵抗量子攻击,具有较高的执行效率,同时减少了协议通信轮数。

面向申威众核处理器的规则处理优化技术

高性能口令恢复系统是申威众核处理器的重要应用场景之一,规则处理是主流口令恢复工具中被广泛应用的一种口令生成方式.现有相关研究工作缺少对规则处理算法的优化,导致申威处理器上基于规则的口令生成速度成为口令恢复系统的性能瓶颈.通过分析规则处理算法的多层次可并行性,提出了面向申威众核处理器的线程级、数据级优化方案.在线程级优化方案中,探索了规则处理算法的最优任务映射方式,设计了主从核任务分配机制、从核缓冲区配比优化机制、负载均衡机制、变长规则存储机制等技术以提高并行效率;在数据级优化方案中,分析了规则处理算法中规则函数的计算模式,并通过申威SIMD指令集对规则函数进行向量优化以提高执行效率.在SW26010处理器上的实验结果表明,上述优化方案有效解除了规则处理的性能瓶颈,使规则模式下的口令恢复速度提升了30~101倍.

基于格的最优轮数口令认证秘密共享协议

口令认证秘密共享将口令认证和秘密共享相结合,是一个贴合实际用户需求的分布式方案。该协议允许一个用户在多个服务器间共享秘密,并且只需要记忆一个简短口令即可在后续同时完成身份验证以及秘密恢复。协议安全性保证只要敌手控制的服务器不超过阈值,敌手就不能从协议中窃取任何有关口令和秘密的信息。口令认证秘密共享方案最初基于离散对数及其变体的假设,不能抵抗量子攻击,因此找到量子安全的构造成为亟需解决的问题。ROY等人提出一种恶意安全且量子安全的构造,但其通信轮数并非最优,在有恶意敌手干扰的情况下,轮数甚至不再是常数。针对轮数优化问题,文章利用可验证不经意伪随机函数原语,给出了基于格的最优轮数的量子安全构造并严格证明了其安全性。此外,协议保证多数诚实服务器场景时,诚实用户一定能在最优轮数内成功恢复正确的秘密,具有很强的鲁棒性。

电视台新媒体稿件系统国产密码应用安全实践

本文介绍了江苏广电总台新媒体稿件系统在国产密码保护方面的实践,包括密码应用安全工作概述、密码应用安全业务流程、国密虚拟专网设备的部署、国密数字证书的使用、应用的证书登录改造、应用关键数据存储的完整性和机密性保护等。实践表明,国产密码算法能显著提升系统安全强度,降低风险,并具有自主可控性。

口令猜测研究进展

口令是人类可记忆的短密钥,在身份认证、加密、签名等领域有广泛的应用.口令虽然被指出存在一系列安全性和可用性问题,但因其使用简单、成本低廉、容易更改,在可预见的未来仍无可替代.口令猜测是口令面临的最严重的安全威胁,是口令安全性研究的核心方向之一,引起了学术界的持续关注.本文首先采用数据驱动的研究方法,挖掘可被猜测攻击者利用的用户脆弱口令行为,分析用户口令构造规律,包括流行特性、语言依赖性、长度分布、口令重用、结构和语义特征等方面.接着,总结了近30年来学术界提出的28种主要口令猜测算法,并根据技术原理的不同对其进行分类.随后,回顾了目前广泛使用的口令猜测算法评估指标,探究了不同实验设置对评估算法攻破率和计算效率的影响,并根据实验结果讨论了不同猜测算法的技术特点和适用场景.最后,总结口令猜测领域的研究进展,并展望口令猜测算法的应用领域和未来的研究方向.